The Development of Contraceptive Methods for Captive Wildlife

Contraception has become critical in managing zoo populations, both to limit production of surplus animals and to promote genetic health. One role of the Contraception Advisory Group, formed in 1989, is to coordinate research to develop new contraceptive methods. Because melengestrol acetate (MGA) implants, which have been used by zoos for almost 20 years, recently have been associated with uterine pathology in felids, several new contraceptive techniques are being evaluated. These include other steroid hormone formulations, such as the birth control pill Depo-Provers®, the Norplant® implant, and MGA added to feed; bisdiamine, an oral male contraceptive; zona pellucida (ZP) vaccine; and vas plugs. Bisdiamine reversibly blocked spermatogenesis while sparing testosterone in its first test in gray wolves. ZP vaccine has been effective in preventing births in a variety of species of hoofstock, primates, and carnivores; however, long-term deleterious effects on the ovaries have been found in some controlled trials. Injectable vas plugs that conform to the shape of the vas make it possible to successfully treat a wide variety of species; reversal trials are currently underway. As research efforts continue, we hope to expand our collaborations with scientists working on contraceptive development for humans. companion animals and wildlife. to better make use of the limited resources available for these investigations

The Chapter X Rules

As a member of the Judicial Conference\u27s Advisory Committee on Bankruptcy Rules, Judge Herzog offers a unique insight into the recently enacted chapter X rules. The author analyzes the rules in the order in which they would appear in an actual chapter X case. As each rule makes its appearance, the author gives his opinion as to how the courts should interpret it, while keeping in mind the overall framework and purposes of bankruptcy proceedings in general. In short, Judge Herzog\u27s article serves as a practical guide to the practicing attorney

The Development of Contraceptive Methods for Captive Wildlife

Contraception has become critical in managing zoo populations, both to limit production of surplus animals and to promote genetic health. One role of the Contraception Advisory Group, formed in 1989, is to coordinate research to develop new contraceptive methods. Because melengestrol acetate (MGA) implants, which have been used by zoos for almost 20 years, recently have been associated with uterine pathology in felids, several new contraceptive techniques are being evaluated. These include other steroid hormone formulations, such as the birth control pill Depo-Provers®, the Norplant® implant, and MGA added to feed; bisdiamine, an oral male contraceptive; zona pellucida (ZP) vaccine; and vas plugs. Bisdiamine reversibly blocked spermatogenesis while sparing testosterone in its first test in gray wolves. ZP vaccine has been effective in preventing births in a variety of species of hoofstock, primates, and carnivores; however, long-term deleterious effects on the ovaries have been found in some controlled trials. Injectable vas plugs that conform to the shape of the vas make it possible to successfully treat a wide variety of species; reversal trials are currently underway. As research efforts continue, we hope to expand our collaborations with scientists working on contraceptive development for humans. companion animals and wildlife. to better make use of the limited resources available for these investigations

The Chapter X Rules

As a member of the Judicial Conference\u27s Advisory Committee on Bankruptcy Rules, Judge Herzog offers a unique insight into the recently enacted chapter X rules. The author analyzes the rules in the order in which they would appear in an actual chapter X case. As each rule makes its appearance, the author gives his opinion as to how the courts should interpret it, while keeping in mind the overall framework and purposes of bankruptcy proceedings in general. In short, Judge Herzog\u27s article serves as a practical guide to the practicing attorney

Water-soluble SOA from Alkene ozonolysis: composition and droplet activation kinetics inferences from analysis of CCN activity

Cloud formation characteristics of the water-soluble organic fraction (WSOC) of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from the ozonolysis of alkene hydrocarbons (terpinolene, 1-methlycycloheptene and cycloheptene) are studied. Based on size-resolved measurements of CCN activity (of the pure and salted WSOC samples) we estimate the average molar volume and surface tension depression associated with the WSOC using Köhler Theory Analysis (KTA). Consistent with known speciation, the results suggest that the WSOC are composed of low molecular weight species, with an effective molar mass below 200 g mol^(−1). The water-soluble carbon is also surface-active, depressing surface tension 10–15% from that of pure water (at CCN-relevant concentrations). The inherent hygroscopicity parameter, κ, of the WSOC ranges between 0.17 and 0.25; if surface tension depression and molar volume effects are considered in κ, a remarkably constant "apparent" hygroscopicity ~0.3 emerges for all samples considered. This implies that the volume fraction of soluble material in the parent aerosol is the key composition parameter required for prediction of the SOA hygroscopicity, as shifts in molar volume across samples are compensated by changes in surface tension. Finally, using "threshold droplet growth analysis", the water-soluble organics in all samples considered do not affect CCN activation kinetics

The Equitable Subordination of Claims in Bankruptcy

The authors of this article address themselves to the problems raised by the use by bankruptcy courts of their equity powers to subordinate claims. They discuss the distinctions between subordination and disallowance, the interplay between state and federal law, res adjudicata, and the classes of cases in which equitable subordination occurs. They conclude that, while much confusion exists in this area, the equitable principles involved are generally sound and that applying them is often in the best interest of debtor, creditor, and public

Efficiency tests of a twenty horse-power Avery Traction Engine no. 2116

Citation: Carnahan, August Belmont, Barnard, Asa William, and Thompson, Roger S. Efficiency tests of a twenty horse-power Avery Traction Engine no. 2116. Senior thesis, Kansas State Agricultural College, 1905.Morse Department of Special CollectionsIntroduction: Purpose: The purpose of the following is to set forth the mechanical efficiency of the Avery traction engine No. 2116, running as a stationary engine and as a traction engine; to determine the evaporative power of the boiler under a reasonable load While being fired with Lansing coal from the Kansas Penitentiary; and to determine the draft per ton of haul over dirt and macadamized roads with an ordinary four inch wagon. The instruments used for the tests for mechanical efficiency were: Two Crosby indicators, each closely connected A Crosby disk revolution counter/ A Prony brake/ A platform scale and/ An indicator reducing motion/ To make a reliable test of an engine requires a correct application of instruments and a skillful manipulation of the same. The error of every instrument should be determined before and after the test and necessary corrections made for the same. No instrument of doubtful reading should be used under any circumstances. Ease of manipulation adds much to the accuracy with *high a reading may be made. All readings ought to be made simultaneously in order that they may harmonize. The Indicators: Of the sources of error accompanying the use of indicators we found that two above all should be sought out

Multivariate Analysis of Household Decision Making, Contraceptive Use and Fertility Behaviour among Ever-Married Men in Nigeria

The study examined the effect of household decision making on the use of contraceptives and fertility behaviour of ever-married men in Nigeria. Men’s Recode Dataset of 2013 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) dataset was used. A sample size of 8,981 ever married men aged 15-49 were analyzed using Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression. The study revealed that majority of men who take a sole decision on their earning and are using contraceptives want more children. Other factors influencing men’s fertility behaviour included age, education, wealth status, age at marriage, religion, the number of living children, ethnicity and media exposure. The study concluded that women empowerment in decision making and in the use of contraceptive methods should be promoted to reduce men’s fertility behaviour.Key Words: Contraceptive, decision making, fertility behaviour, ever-married Men, Nigeri