Surgical management of proximal humerus fracture treated with locking compression plate

Background: Proximal humerus fractures accounts for about 4 to 5% of all fractures.  Treatment of unstable, displaced, and comminuted fractures of the proximal humerus remain challenging. Significant controversy continues regarding the best methods of treating displaced proximal humerus fractures. Various operative procedures are carried out, the recent trend in internal fixation has moved on to locking plates. The present study is undertaken to evaluate the functional outcome and complication of proximal humerus fractures treated by locking compression plate.Methods: This is a prospective study comprising of 30 patients with fractures of proximal humerus were treated by open reduction and internal fixation with locking compression plate were evaluated at Velammal  Institute Of Medical  Sciences, Madurai from the period of April 2015 to December 2016. Clinical and radiological evaluation was done. Patients will undergo open reduction internal fixation with locking compression plate for the sustained fracture under general anesthesia.Results: In our series, the majority of the patients were males, elderly aged, with RTA being the commonest mode of injury, involving 2 part, 3 part and 4 part fractures of the proximal humerus. Excellent and satisfactory results were found in 76.7% of patients with unsatisfactory results in 23.3 % according to Neer’s criteria. There were 100 % union rates and no failures.Conclusions: In conclusion locking Compression, the plate is an advantageous implant in proximal humeral fractures due to angular stability, particularly in comminuted fractures and in Osteoporotic bones in elderly patients, thus allowing early mobilization

To analyze the functional outcome of proximal tibial fractures treated with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis technique

Background: Tibial plateau fractures constitute about 1% of all fractures and complex bicondylar fractures constitute 30% of all Tibial plateau fractures. Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Plate Osteosynthesis [MIPPO] is a method of biological fixation in which a plate is percutaneously inserted and fixed at a distance proximally and distally from the fracture site. By minimal exposure, this helps in the preservation of the essential fracture hematoma, minimal soft tissue dissection, avoidance of periosteal stripping and providing an adequate fixation. The objective of the study was to analyze the functional outcome of proximal Tibial fractures treated with MIPPO technique. The method of fixation shall be evaluated for the time period required for the patients to return to active work following surgery.Methods: In our study, all 18 patients with proximal Tibial fractures underwent definitive fixation by MIPPO technique. All our cases underwent initial stabilization as per the ATLS guidelines. Patients with closed Tibial plateau fractures associated with a tense haemarthrosis underwent aspiration of the joint under aseptic precautions. The limb was immobilized either in an above knee slab or through skeletal traction using a distal Tibial or calcaneal pin traction on a Bohler Braun splint until definitive fixation was carried out. In cases complicated with excessive swelling and blistering, definitive fixation was delayed until the swelling/ blistering subsided.Results: The post-operative results were designated as excellent, good, fair and poor according to pain, walking capacity, the range of motion and stability of the knee using Rasmussen’s grading system. In our study, the average functional knee score was 22.89. Rasmussen’s score does not consider articular congruity while assessing the functional outcome of the knee.Conclusions: MIPPO technique gives good to excellent results even in high energy Tibial condyle fractures [72.22% cases in our study]. Our patients were able to achieve a good functional range of movement, averaging 120 degrees. [Krettek et al – 124 degrees]. Those who were treated with early fixation and early mobilization were found to have a better functional outcome irrespective of the fracture type. No secondary bone grafting was required.

Regeneration of Invitro Plantlets in Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. through Nodal and Leaf Explants

Invitro plantlet regeneration of Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br, through nodal and leaf explants were attempted by culturing on MS medium supplemented with various PGRs. Nodal and leaf explants induced callus on media containing 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, 2ip, IAA, NAA, BAP and KIN. The highest frequency of callus was observed in the leaf explants supplemented with 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 mgL-1 concentration of IAA, NAA, IBA. Rhizogenesis was observed in leaf explants highly in Auxin treatment like 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T with the concentrations of 0.2 mgL-1 and 0.5 mgL-1 respectively. Shoot differentiation was obtained from the callus of nodal explants on MS-medium with 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 mgL-1 of 2,4,5-T, KIN and BAP. Regenerated shoots showed rhizogenesis in MS-medium supplemented with 0.5 mgL-1 of IBA and KIN. Eight week old rooted invitro plantlets of H.indicus were removed from the culture vessels and transplanted into plastic pots. The plantlets were exposed to a relative humidity of 80%-90% and temperature 28±2ºC during day time, and 24 ±2ºC during night time. The percentage of surviving plantlets were recorded after four weeks of acclimatization. More than 95% of acclimatized plantlets grew vigorously without any morphological abnormalities

Perceptions and Prospects: Technology-Enabled Teacher Education in the Digital Age

The integration of technology into education has led to significant transformations in teacher education programs. This study examines the perceptions of learners regarding technology-enabled teacher education programs. It explores the experiences and viewpoints of a diverse group of teacher education students, ranging from pre-service teachers to experienced educators pursuing advanced qualifications. The study reveals that learners generally perceive technology-enabled teacher education programs positively, highlighting advantages such as increased accessibility, flexibility, engagement, and personalization. However, they also acknowledge challenges related to technical issues and the digital divide. These findings emphasize the importance of ongoing research and development in technology integration within teacher education to better prepare educators for the digital age classroom

Governing Social Bodies: Affect and Number in Contemporary Cricket

Two recent cybernetics-derived academic disciplines, biomechanics and operations research, have worked to reshape cricket. Liberalization and the consequent large flows of money into the game have resulted in a transformation in how the game is regulated, coached, and played. In this dissertation, I have focused on how cricket is now being produced through an account of the use of biomechanics in the regulating and coaching of cricket and an appraisal of the role that operations research plays in regulating interruptions to individual games of cricket. I argue that these twin developments correspond to Foucault's notion of a contemporary governmentality organized around the body as machine and the species of body, respectively. A consideration of the manner in which cybernetics underpins these practices and theories broadens and deepens accounts of both how the contemporary world is continually being shaped and being studied

MOLECULAR DOCKING, DESIGN, SYNTHESIS, IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EVALUATIONS OF NEW ISOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES

Objectives: To design and synthesis N-substituted (E)-4-arylidene-isoquinoline-1,3-dione derivatives as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drug moieties using molecular docking as a tool.Methods: The structure of compounds (5a-h) was elucidated by means of FT-IR, GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. Molecular docking was carried out to clarify the molecular aspects of the observed COX-inhibitory activities of the investigated compounds. DPPH radical scavenging analysis method was used to determine antioxidant activity and in-vitro anti-Inflammatory activity was conducted by Human Red Blood Cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method utilizing Diclofenac sodium as standard.Results: Isoquinoline (N-substituted (E)-4-arylidene-isoquinoline-1,3-dione) derivatives were achieved using oxalic acid as the catalyst, by aldol condensation of the corresponding aldehydes and the corresponding N-substituted homophthalimides with a maximum yield of 92%. Ligand efficiency (LE) consequences being a clear indication that the action potential of the compounds 5e (-0.72) and 5d (-0.64) is high when compare with the standard (-0.63) for COX-1. While for COX-2, compounds 5e (-0.81) 5d (-0.79) and 5h (-0.98) were shown a remarkable ligand efficiency than the standard (-0.65). Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant studies on the compounds 5h<5d<5g was found best activity results.Conclusion: From our overall studies, it was understood that the activities of both in silico and in vitro anti-inflammatory results are coincide together. The p-values were significant for all the compounds 5(a-h) in both COX-1 and COX-2 activities which indicate that all the compounds have ‘competency' towards druggability for both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, especially the compounds 5h<5d<5g<5e can be suggested for in vivo.Â

Variability analysis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crosses under drought stress

Climate change in recent years has affected crop production to a greater extent. To overcome these effects, climate-resilient varieties are needed. Tomato is a versatile crop. However, its growth is hindered when it is affected by drought stress. Hence, a variability analysis of tomatoes under drought stress was carried out at Horticulture College and Research Institute, Coimbatore. Variability studies revealed that all the crosses for all parameters exhibited higher phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) values than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), indicating the influence of environmental effects. For all the crosses, viz., EC169966 × LE118, EC177824 × LE27 and Arka Ashish × LE27, high PCV and high GCV were recorded for characteristics including fruit number per plant, yield per plant, lycopene content and peroxidase activity. Characteristics such as the number of flowers per cluster, fruit number per plant, individual weight of fruit, yield per plant, relative water content, proline content, peroxidase activity and ascorbic acid content recorded higher heritability coupled with high genetic advance as a percentage of the mean (GAM). Thus, direct selection of the above parameters improves drought-tolerant breeding programs in tomato

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticle using goniothalamus wightii on graphene oxide nanocomposite for effective voltammetric determination of metronidazole

Graphene oxide (GO) has piqued the interest of both academia and industry owing to its polar and two-dimensional (2D) layered structure. Antibiotic concentrations can be detected with advanced GO composites to reduce the risk of bacterial resistance, which can be done with electrochemical sensors. Herein, we have developed an eco-friendly synthesis approach, one-pot strategy towards Goniothalamus wightii biomass-derived solution preparation of Ag nanoparticle-decorated graphene oxide (GO@AgNPs) composites. As- synthesized GO@AgNPs nanocomposites were analyzed using various analytical tools including Raman, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The Metronidazole (MIZ) determination was then investigated using cycle volumetric and amperometric (i-t) techniques by the GO@AgNPs composites. Prepared composites exhibit a wide-linear range of 0.09 μM to 4.594 mM, low detection limit of 69 nM and a limit of quantification detection of 786 nM. Furthermore, the practical applicability of the prepared GO@AgNPs nanocomposites were examined in pharmaceutical drug Flagyl (500 mg) with satisfactory recovery results

An Alternative Option to Provide Seal Gas for Dry Gas Seals Which was Used During the First Start Up of Pipeline Booster Compressors

Case StudyThis case study covers the initial start up (“black� start up) of a centrifugal compressor at a pipeline station located in a remote desert environment in Saudi Arabia, focusing on the issue that the suction and discharge header pressures were the same. • No supply of process gas at a higher pressure than the suction pressure was available for use as seal gas. • In many gas plant or Refinery installations, suitable gas at a higher pressure is often available, but this was not the case for this pipeline application • The seal gas system configuration studied and described was used to overcome this seal gas supply issue during initial or “black� startu

Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: 22 223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30 763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, and other data sources. Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 was determined by subtracting observed all-cause mortality (adjusted for late registration and mortality anomalies) from the mortality expected in the absence of the pandemic. Expected mortality was calculated based on historical trends using an ensemble of models. In location-years where all-cause mortality data were unavailable, we estimated excess mortality rates using a regression model with covariates pertaining to the pandemic. Population size was computed using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model. Life expectancy was calculated using age-specific mortality rates and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution. Findings: Global all-cause mortality followed two distinct patterns over the study period: age-standardised mortality rates declined between 1950 and 2019 (a 62·8% [95% UI 60·5–65·1] decline), and increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020–21; 5·1% [0·9–9·6] increase). In contrast with the overall reverse in mortality trends during the pandemic period, child mortality continued to decline, with 4·66 million (3·98–5·50) global deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2021 compared with 5·21 million (4·50–6·01) in 2019. An estimated 131 million (126–137) people died globally from all causes in 2020 and 2021 combined, of which 15·9 million (14·7–17·2) were due to the COVID-19 pandemic (measured by excess mortality, which includes deaths directly due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and those indirectly due to other social, economic, or behavioural changes associated with the pandemic). Excess mortality rates exceeded 150 deaths per 100 000 population during at least one year of the pandemic in 80 countries and territories, whereas 20 nations had a negative excess mortality rate in 2020 or 2021, indicating that all-cause mortality in these countries was lower during the pandemic than expected based on historical trends. Between 1950 and 2021, global life expectancy at birth increased by 22·7 years (20·8–24·8), from 49·0 years (46·7–51·3) to 71·7 years (70·9–72·5). Global life expectancy at birth declined by 1·6 years (1·0–2·2) between 2019 and 2021, reversing historical trends. An increase in life expectancy was only observed in 32 (15·7%) of 204 countries and territories between 2019 and 2021. The global population reached 7·89 billion (7·67–8·13) people in 2021, by which time 56 of 204 countries and territories had peaked and subsequently populations have declined. The largest proportion of population growth between 2020 and 2021 was in sub-Saharan Africa (39·5% [28·4–52·7]) and south Asia (26·3% [9·0–44·7]). From 2000 to 2021, the ratio of the population aged 65 years and older to the population aged younger than 15 years increased in 188 (92·2%) of 204 nations. Interpretation: Global adult mortality rates markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, reversing past decreasing trends, while child mortality rates continued to decline, albeit more slowly than in earlier years. Although COVID-19 had a substantial impact on many demographic indicators during the first 2 years of the pandemic, overall global health progress over the 72 years evaluated has been profound, with considerable improvements in mortality and life expectancy. Additionally, we observed a deceleration of global population growth since 2017, despite steady or increasing growth in lower-income countries, combined with a continued global shift of population age structures towards older ages. These demographic changes will likely present future challenges to health systems, economies, and societies. The comprehensive demographic estimates reported here will enable researchers, policy makers, health practitioners, and other key stakeholders to better understand and address the profound changes that have occurred in the global health landscape following the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, and longer-term trends beyond the pandemic