Embracing complexity in international forest governance: a way forward; Policy Brief

This Policy Brief summarizes the findings of a comprehensive assessment of scientific information about international forest governance carried out by an Expert Panel of over 30 of the world's leading scientists working in the areas of environmental governance and international forest law. It aims to provide policy and decision makers with essential knowledge and building blocks required for a more effective and inclusive governance of the world's forest

Nonparametric predictive inference in statistical process control

New methods for statistical process control are presented, where the inferences have a nonparametric predictive nature. We consider several problems in process control in terms of uncertainties about future observable random quantities, and we develop inferences for these random quantities hased on data available in the form of a reference set. We use Hill's assumption A(n), which enables predietive inferenee while adding only few assumptions to the data observed

Computer simulation of diffusion processes in tilt spatio-periodic potentials

Нещодавно було показано, що в істотно нерівноважних системах коефіцієнт дифузії може вести себе немонотонно з температурою. Одним із прикладів таких систем з аномальною температурної залежністю є рух броунівських часток в просторово-періодичних структурах. Метою статті було дослідження зміни температурної залежності дифузії в недодемпфованих системах з низьким коефіцієнтом тертя. В роботі методами комп'ютерного моделювання вивчено зміна коефіцієнта дифузії частинок в широкому діапазоні температур в нахилених просторово-періодичних потенціалах для різних значень коефіцієнта тертя. Показано, що дифузія досягає максимуму при певній величині зовнішньої сили. Її значення залежить від величини коефіцієнта тертя. Показано, що на відміну від звичайної залежності Аррениуса, в разі нахиленого періодичного потенціалу, максимальний коефіцієнт дифузії зростає, а не зменшується з пониженням температури експоненціальним чином. Встановлено, що така залежність характерна для всіх недодемпфованих систем. Показано, що для просторово-періодичних структур існує обмежена ділянка сил, в якому спостерігається зростання коефіцієнта дифузії зі зменшенням температури. Це область так званої температурно-аномальної дифузії (ТАД). Визначено ширина і положення області ТАД в залежності від коефіцієнта тертя γ і параметрів системи. Показано, що зі зменшенням γ, ширина області ТАД зменшується пропорційно γ. При цьому коефіцієнт дифузії в області ТАД, навпаки зростає ~γ. Отримані дані про температурно-аномальної дифузії мають важливе значення для різних областей фізики і техніки та відкривають перспективи створення новітніх технологій управління процесами дифузії.It was recently shown that in essentially nonequilibrium systems, the diffusion coefficient can behave nonmonotonically with temperature. One example of such systems with anomalous temperature dependence is the motion of Brownian particles in spatially periodic structures. The aim of the article was to study the change in the temperature dependence of diffusion in underdamped systems with a low coefficient of friction. In this paper, computer simulation methods are used to study the change in the diffusion coefficient of particles in a wide range of temperatures in oblique spatially periodic potentials for different values of the friction coefficient. It is shown that diffusion reaches a maximum at a certain external force. Its value depends on the coefficient of friction. It is shown that, in contrast to the usual Arrhenius dependence, in the case of an inclined periodic potential, the maximum diffusion coefficient increases while temperature is decreasing exponentially. It is established that such a dependence is common to all underdamped systems. It is shown that for spatially periodic structures there is a limited portion of forces in which an increase in the diffusion coefficient while decreasing temperature is observed. This is the area of the so-called temperature-anomalous diffusion (TAD). The width and position of the TAD region are determined depending on the friction coefficient γ and the system parameters. It has been shown that a decrease in γ, width TAD region decreases proportionally γ. In this case, the diffusion coefficient in the TAD region, on the contrary, increases ~γ. The data obtained on the temperature and the anomalous diffusion are important for various fields of physics and engineering, and opens new prospects for a diffusion process control technology

Mid-term clinical results of chronic cavitary long bone osteomyelitis treatment using S53P4 bioactive glass:A multi-center study

Introduction: Chronic osteomyelitis is a challenging condition in the orthopedic practice and traditionally treated using local and systemic antibiotics in a two-stage surgical procedure. With the introduction of the antimicrobial biomaterial S53P4 bioactive glass (Bonalive®), chronic osteomyelitis can be treated in a one-stage procedure. This study evaluated the mid-term clinical results of patients treated with S53P4 bioactive glass for long bone chronic osteomyelitis. Methods: In this prospective multi-center study, patients from two different university medical centers in the Netherlands were included. One-stage treatment consisted of debridement surgery, implantation of S53P4 bioactive glass, and treatment with culture-based systemic antibiotics. If required, wound closure by a plastic surgeon was performed. The primary outcome was the eradication of infection, and a secondary statistical analysis was performed on probable risk factors for treatment failure. Results: In total, 78 patients with chronic cavitary long bone osteomyelitis were included. Follow-up was at least 12 months (mean 46; standard deviation, SD, 20), and 69 patients were treated in a one-stage procedure. Overall infection eradication was 85 %, and 1-year infection-free survival was 89 %. Primary closure versus local/muscular flap coverage is the only risk factor for treatment failure. Conclusion: With 85 % eradication of infection, S53P4 bioactive glass is an effective biomaterial in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis in a one-stage procedure. A major risk factor for treatment failure is the necessity for local/free muscle flap coverage. These results confirm earlier published data, and together with the fundamentally different antimicrobial pathways without antibiotic resistance, S53P4 bioactive glass is a recommendable biomaterial for chronic osteomyelitis treatment and might be beneficial over other biomaterials.</p

Simplifying Contract-Violating Traces

Contract conformance is hard to determine statically, prior to the deployment of large pieces of software. A scalable alternative is to monitor for contract violations post-deployment: once a violation is detected, the trace characterising the offending execution is analysed to pinpoint the source of the offence. A major drawback with this technique is that, often, contract violations take time to surface, resulting in long traces that are hard to analyse. This paper proposes a methodology together with an accompanying tool for simplifying traces and assisting contract-violation debugging.Comment: In Proceedings FLACOS 2012, arXiv:1209.169

Broedresultaten van kokmeeuwen in Nederland in 1997 = Reproductive success of Black-Headed gulls in the Netherlands in 1997

The Black-headed Gull population in The Netherlands, as in other parts of Europe, has seriously declined since the 1980s. The decline has been noted both at coastal and mainland breeding sites. The reasons for the general decline are not known. Therefore a monitoring programme was established to measure breeding results of Black-headed Gulls in six Dutch colonies in 1997. Remarkable differences were found in hatching success and breeding success. Hatching success was high (75- 90%) in the three northern colonies situated in or near the Wadden Sea, whereas in all other colonies hatching success was extremely low (0-43%). Most eggs were lost through flooding, trampling by geese, depredation or nest desertion. Only in the colony at Griend, fledging success was high (66%) and some young fledged in Julianapolder. In all other colonies, most chicks died of starvation or depredation. In those colonies the food mainly consisted of marine prey (e.g. fish, shrimps and lugworms), whereas in the other colonies the chicks were fed with a large proportion of insects and other invertebrates

EIA decision-making and administrative justice:An empirical analysis

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is implemented in most countries as an administrative procedure. In this context, it is subject to the principles of administrative justice. However, to date, no empirical research has been conducted to determine the extent to which EIA decisions comply with the principles of administrative justice. In this paper, empirical data from 42 EIA cases in South Africa are used to establish EIA compliance with the administrative justice principles of lawfulness, procedural fairness and reasonableness. This is achieved by measuring EIA decisions against specially developed key performance indicators (KPIs). Overall, decisions were found to mostly comply with the principles of administrative justice. However, questions arise with regards to the quality and substance of the information feeding into the decision-making process and on which decisions are ultimately based