Variation in Fatty Acid Composition of Four Turkish Registered Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Seeds in two Locations (Ankara and Boldavin) of Turkey

Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) has two major products: alkaloids in the capsules and the seeds. Poppy seed oil is a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids. It is known that polyunsaturated fatty acids present not only basic nutriments for human body, but protects against cardiovascular diseases, heart attacks and many inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to determine oil content and fatty acids composition in four Turkish registered poppy cultivars grown in experimental fields of the the Agronomy Department, of Ankara University and Bolvadin Factory of Alcaloids at the Afyon province, Turkey. All seeds were sown in 15 October 2009 and harvested in 20 July 2010. The oil was extracted and analysed with hexane by foss soxtec 2055 apparatus and fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. Seed oil and fatty acids percentage of four different cultivars in two locations were determined. Oil contents of seed varieties ranged 40.20% - 47.95%. The major fatty acid in seed oils was linoleic acid (68.16 - 74.15%) whereas oleic and palmitic acid contents of seed oils ranged 14.22 - 16.47% and 7.96 - 12.87% respectively. In terms of oil content and unsaturated fatty acids concentration Bolvadin location is better compared to Ankara location

Estimating General and Special Combining Abilities for Economic Traits in Turkish Hybrid Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Lines.

Opiumpoppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is one of the important and oldest cultivated medicinal plant used to extract morphine, papaverine, thebaine, codeine and other alkaloids. This study aimed to determine general and specific combining abilities of F1 hybrids obtained from various crosses and their parental lines for developing appropriate breeding material for future breeding programs. The results confirmed significant differences (

Variation in Fatty Acid Composition of Four Turkish Registered Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Seeds in two Locations (Ankara and Boldavin) of Turkey

Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) has two major products: alkaloids in the capsules and the seeds. Poppy seed oil is a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids. It is known that polyunsaturated fatty acids present not only basic nutriments for human body, but protects against cardiovascular diseases, heart attacks and many inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to determine oil content and fatty acids composition in four Turkish registered poppy cultivars grown in experimental fields of the the Agronomy Department, of Ankara University and Bolvadin Factory of Alcaloids at the Afyon province, Turkey. All seeds were sown in 15 October 2009 and harvested in 20 July 2010. The oil was extracted and analysed with hexane by foss soxtec 2055 apparatus and fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. Seed oil and fatty acids percentage of four different cultivars in two locations were determined. Oil contents of seed varieties ranged 40.20% - 47.95%. The major fatty acid in seed oils was linoleic acid (68.16 - 74.15%) whereas oleic and palmitic acid contents of seed oils ranged 14.22 - 16.47% and 7.96 - 12.87% respectively. In terms of oil content and unsaturated fatty acids concentration Bolvadin location is better compared to Ankara location

Classification of some Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Genotypes for Salinity Tolerance using Germination, Seedling Growth, and Ion Content Clasificación de algunos Genotipos de Linaza (Linum usitatissimum L.) para Tolerancia a Salinidad usando Germinación, Crecimiento de Plántulas y Contenido de Iones

Salinity reduces germination, delays emergence, and inhibits seedling growth of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) while some varieties are less affected by salinity than others. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of NaCl levels (0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 dS m-1) on germination and seedling growth of 10 linseed genotypes (lines 87, 89, 104, 114, 193, 194, 209, 215, C-90 and cv. San-85) and to classify the genotypes for salinity tolerance using germination and seedling characteristics. Germination percentage, mean germination time, root and shoot length, seedling fresh and dry weight, Na+ content and Na:K ratio of seedlings were investigated. Classification of linseed genotypes for salinity tolerance was done according to (i) combination of Principal Component and Cluster Analysis, (ii) Na+ content, and (iii) Na:K ratio of seedling. The results showed that the highest values were obtained from lines 193, 194 and 215 except for mean germination time, while germination percentage was not adversely influenced by NaCl up to 20 dS m-1. Seedling growth was inhibited at 20 dS m-1 although genotypes exhibited varying responses. Na+ content was enhanced by NaCl, but seedling from lines 194, 193 and 215 had the lowest Na+ content at all NaCl levels. Cluster analysis performed by multiple parameters revealed three groups for salinity tolerance. It was concluded that lines 193, 194, and 215 were tolerant, lines 87, 209, C-90, and cv. Sari-85 were moderately tolerant and lines 89, 104, and 114 were salt-sensitive genotypes. Classification of genotypes for Na+ content and Na:K ratio showed similar result for tolerant genotypes while different genotypes for sensitive group were detected.<br>La salinidad reduce germinación, retrasa emergencia, e inhibe el crecimiento de plántulas de lino (Linum usitatissimum L.) mientras algunas variedades son menos afectadas por la salinidad que otras. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los efectos de niveles de NaCl (0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 dS m-1) en germinación y crecimiento de plántulas de 10 genotipos de lino (líneas 87, 89, 104, 114, 193, 194, 209, 215, C-90 y cv. Sari-85) y clasificar los genotipos por tolerancia a salinidad usando características de germinación y de plántulas. Se evaluaron porcentaje de germinación, tiempo medio de germinación, longitud de raíces y brotes, peso fresco y seco de plántulas, contenido de Na+ y relación Na:K de las plántulas. La clasificación de los genotipos de lino por tolerancia a salinidad se hizo de acuerdo a (i) combinación de Análisis de Cluster y Componentes Principales, (ii) contenido de Na+, y (iii) relación Na:K de plántulas. Los resultados muestran que los valores mayores se obtuvieron en las líneas 193, 194, y 215 excepto para tiempo medio de germinación, mientras el porcentaje de germinación no fue adversamente influenciado por NaCl hasta 20 dS m-1. El crecimiento de plántulas fue inhibido a 20 dS m-1 aunque los genotipos exhibieron variadas respuestas. El contenido de Na+ fue elevado por NaCl, pero plántulas de las líneas 194, 193, y 215 tuvieron los menores contenidos de Na+ en todos los niveles de NaCl. El análisis de cluster realizado por parámetros múltiples reveló tres grupos para tolerancia a salinidad. Se concluyó que las líneas 193, 194, y 215 eran tolerantes, las líneas 87, 209, C-90, y cv. Sari-85 fueron moderadamente tolerantes, y las líneas 89, 104, y 114 fueron genotipos sensibles a sal. La clasificación de genotipos por contenido de Na+ y relación Na:K mostró resultados similares para genotipos tolerantes mientras se detectaron genotipos diferentes para el grupo sensible

Chemical Compositions and Antibacterial Activities of the Essential Oils from Aerial Parts and Corollas of Origanum acutidens (Hand.-Mazz.) Ietswaart, an Endemic Species to

molecule

In vitro micro-propagation of endangered ornamental plant-Neotchihatchewia isatidea (Boiss.) Rauschert

The ornamental plant, Neotchihatchewia isatidea, is an endangered species of Turkey and threatened by complete extinction in the future. Therefore, in vitro multiplication of this species can be valuable for commercial production and germplasm conservation. Immature embryos of N. isatidea were cultured for initiation on Murashige and Skoog medium ( MS) supplemented with N-6- benzylamino- purine ( BAP) and -naphthaleneacetic acid ( NAA). Shoot primordia were visible within 5 - 6 weeks and the shoot primordia later developed into normal shoots 10 - 12 weeks after the culture initiation on calli developed from immature embryos. Shoot tips were also excised from developed plantlets for direct shoot organogenesis and cultured on MS shoot induction medium supplemented with BAP ( 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ l), kinetin ( KIN) ( 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ l) and thidiazuron ( TDZ) ( 0.05, 0.10 and 0.50 mg/ l). Direct multiple shoots from shoot tips developed in most media tested. High shoot multiplication ( 3.73), high rooting ( 53 %) number of root per shoot ( 3.66) and survival ratio ( 46.6 %) were achieved

In vitro micropropagation from immature embryos of the endemic and endangered Muscari muscarimi Medik.

An efficient in vitro bulblet production procedure from immature zygotic embryos of endemic and endangered Muscari muscarimi Medik. was described in the current study. Zygotic embryos were first isolated from immature seeds and cultured on different nutrient media compositions supplemented with various combinations of a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), picloram, dicamba, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and thidiazuron (TDZ). The best bulblet regeneration (59 bulblets per explant) was achieved in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 4 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L NAA after 1 year of culture initiation. Regenerated bulblets were then transferred into MS medium without plant growth regulators for rooting. Bulblets produced well-developed root systems and increased their size on this medium after 2 months. All rooted bulblets were successfully transplanted into a potting mixture and acclimatized to ambient conditions