A Review on Light Shafts Rendering for Indoor Scenes

Rendering light shafts is one of the important topics in computer gaming and interactive applications. The methods and models that are used to generate light shafts play crucial role to make a scene more realistic in computer graphics. This article discusses the image-based shadows and geometric-based shadows that contribute in generating volumetric shadows and light shafts, depending on ray tracing, radiosity, and ray marching technique. The main aim of this study is to provide researchers with background on a progress of light scattering methods so as to make it available for them to determine the technique best suited to their goals. It is also hoped that our classification helps researchers find solutions to the shortcomings of each method

A Fast Silhouette Detection Algorithm for Shadow Volumes in Augmented Reality

Real-time shadow generation in virtual environments and Augmented Reality (AR) was always a hot topic in the last three decades. Lots of calculation for shadow generation among AR needs a fast algorithm to overcome this issue and to be capable of implementing in any real-time rendering. In this paper, a silhouette detection algorithm is presented to generate shadows for AR systems. Δ+algorithm is presented based on extending edges of occluders to recognize which edges are silhouettes in the case of real-time rendering. An accurate comparison between the proposed algorithm and current algorithms in silhouette detection is done to show the reduction calculation by presented algorithm. The algorithm is tested in both virtual environments and AR systems. We think that this algorithm has the potential to be a fundamental algorithm for shadow generation in all complex environments

Analyses for various doping structures of SOI-based optical phasemodulator using free carrier dispersion effectB

tThis paper highlights the study on various structure of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) optical phase modula-tors based on free carrier dispersion effect. The proposed modulators employ the forward biased P-I-Ndiode structure integrated in the waveguide and will be working at 1.55 m optical telecommunicationswavelength. Three kinds of structure are compared systematically where the p+ and n+ doping positionsare varied. The modeling and characterization of the SOI phase modulators was carried out by 3D numer-ical simulation package. Our results show that the position of doping regions have a great influences tothe device performance. It was discovered that the best structure in this work demonstrated modulationefficiency of 0.015 V cm with a length of 155 m

Determination of Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant Activities and GC-MS Analysis of Clinacanthus Nutans (Acanthaceae) in Different Locations

Clinacanthus nutans is an essential medicinal plant that had been used in various local remedies to treat many illnesses. A study had been conducted to determine the phenolic, flavonoid, antioxidant activities and phytochemical compounds of C. nutans in different locations. C. nutans were harvested from eight locations and the leaves were extracted with 80 % methanol by maceration process. Then, the phytochemical screening using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), 2,2 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) assay method, total phenolic content by Folin Ciocalteu\u27s assay method and total flavonoid content by aluminium chloride (AlCl3) were carried out. The C. nutans extracts showed higher antioxidant activities than phenolic and flavonoid content. The neutral pH sandy clay soil from location KKK (Kuala Ketil, Kedah, Malaysia) had higher antioxidant activities (58.0 %), phenolic (44.1 mg GA.100 g-1) and flavonoid content (30.8 mg QE.100 g-1) compared to other locations. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of phytochemicals constituents of 20 compounds. The results revealed that environmental factors (light intensity, temperature and soil characteristics) of eight locations were responsible for variations of phenolic, flavonoids, antioxidants and GC-MS analysis in C. nutans. The findings of this study will provide baseline data for future breeding programs for commercial cultivation

Retensi Kognitif Biologi dan Sikap Ilmiah Siswa Berkemampuan Akademik Berbeda pada Strategi PBLRQA Dipadu Jurnal Belajar

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh strategi PBLRQA dipadu jurnal belajar terhadap retensi kognitif biologi dan sikap ilmiah siswa dengan kemampuan akademik berbeda.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi experiment menggunakan desain pretest-postest nonequivalent control group design pola faktorial 2 x 2.Sampel penelitian adalah 4 rombel pada kelas XI MIA SMAN 17 Makassar yang dipilih dengan random sampling. Masing-masing 2 rombel diajar dengan PBLRQA dipadu jurnal belajar dan 2 rombel diajar dengan PBL. Instrumen penelitian terdiri atas instrumen retensi kognitif berupa tes essai dan intrumen sikap ilmiah berupa angket dan lembar observasi sikap ilmiah.Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensial.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (i)ada perbedaan retensi siswa berkemampuan akademik berbeda antara siswa yang diajar dengan PBLRQA dipadu jurnal belajar denganPBL.Strategi PBLRQA dipadu jurnal belajar lebih berpotensi mempertahankan retensi siswa dibandingkan PBL. Rerata terkoreksi nilai retensi siswa kemampuan akademik atas lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan siswa kemampuan akademik bawah. Interaksi antara strategi pembelajaran dengan kemampuan akademik berpengaruh terhadap retensi siswa; dan (ii) ada perbedaan sikap ilmiah siswa berkemampuan akademik berbeda antara siswa yang diajar dengan PBLRQA dipadu jurnal belajar dan PBL.Strategi PBLRQA lebih berpotensi menumbuhkan sikap ilmiah siswa dibandingkan PBL. Rerata terkoreksi sikap ilmiahsiswa kemampuan akademik atas lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan siswa kemampuan akademik bawah. Interaksi antara strategi pembelajaran dengan kemampuan akademik berpengaruh terhadap sikap ilmiah siswa. Kata kunci: PBLRQA, Jurnal Belajar, Retensi Kognitif, Sikap Ilmia

Design and characterization of multiple coupled microring based wavelegnth demultiplexer in silicon-on-insulator (SOI)

We report in this paper, an optimized design and characterization of SOI based single mode, four channels wavelength demultiplexer using microrings. The usage of siliconon- insulator (SOI) allows a wide free spectral range (FSR) for the device that is crucial in developing ultra-compact integrations of planar lightwave circuits (PLCs). The characterizations are done using Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) mode simulations from RSOFT. Serially cascaded microring arrays up to the third order are presented to study the design trade-off among the FSR, Q-factor and optical losses of the laterally coupled wavelength demultiplexer. The demultiplexer is expected to be working at C-band region of Wavelength Division Multilplexing (WDM) for a wavelength around 1550 nm. Our proposed demultiplexer has low insertion loss (< 0.5 dB) and a crosstalk around 12 ∼ 19 dB

Nurse-Doctor Interprofessional Collaboration In Hospital: Study Description

Interprofessional collaboration is a partnership between professions who have different educational backgrounds and work together to solve patient health problems and provide needed health services. Interprofessional collaboration carried out by various health care professionals is an efficient and effective strategy in improving service quality. Interprofessional collaboration is also needed to increase satisfaction and create good quality health services. The method in this study is a quantitative descriptive survey. Data collection by interview method, measurement by NPCS (nurse-physicians collaboration scale). The sample of this research are nurses and doctors in RSUD Toto Kabila. This activity was carried out by 3 lecturers and 1 partner for about 4 months. Nurse-doctor interprofessional collaboration according to the perception of nurses at the Toto Kabila General Hospital, the results obtained from 129 nurses, a total of 117 (90.3%) nurses rated the doctor's collaborative behavior in the good category and a number of 12 (9.3%) nurses rated the doctor's collaborative behavior in the moderate category. Interprofessional collaboration nurse-doctor according to the perception of doctors at Toto Kabila Hospital showed that most of the respondents, namely 11 (84.6%) respondents considered nurses to carry out interprofessional collaboration well and as many as 2 (15.4%) respondents considered the interprofessional collaboration of nurses sufficient. The results showed that Interprofessional Collaboration between nurses and doctors mostly showed good results but there were still some that were still lacking in implementation so that it was necessary to increase interprofessional collaboration for all aspects of service in hospitals because with good collaboration it will create good quality health services

Obstructive and restrictive spirometry from school age to adulthood: three birth cohort studies

Background: Spirometric obstruction and restriction are two patterns of impaired lung function which are predictive of poor health. We investigated the development of these phenotypes and their transitions through childhood to early adulthood. Methods: In this study, we analysed pooled data from three UK population−based birth cohorts established between 1989 and 1995. We applied descriptive statistics, regression modelling and data-driven modelling to data from three population−based birth cohorts with at least three spirometry measures from childhood to adulthood (mid-school: 8–10 years, n = 8404; adolescence: 15–18, n = 5764; and early adulthood: 20–26, n = 4680). Participants were assigned to normal, restrictive, and obstructive spirometry based on adjusted regression residuals. We considered two transitions: from 8–10 to 15–18 and from 15–18 to 20–26 years. Findings: Obstructive phenotype was observed in ∼10%, and restrictive in ∼9%. A substantial proportion of children with impaired lung function in school age (between one third in obstructive and a half in restricted phenotype) improved and achieved normal and stable lung function to early adulthood. Of those with normal lung function in school-age, <5% declined to adulthood. Underweight restrictive and obese obstructive participants were less likely to transit to normal. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and current asthma diagnosis increased the risk of persistent obstruction and worsening. Significant associate of worsening in restrictive phenotypes was lower BMI at the first lung function assessment. Data-driven methodologies identified similar risk factors for obstructive and restrictive clusters. Interpretation: The worsening and improvement in obstructive and restrictive spirometry were observed at all ages. Maintaining optimal weight during childhood and reducing maternal smoking during pregnancy may reduce spirometry obstruction and restriction and improve lung function. Funding: MRC Grant MR/S025340/1

Performance analysis of mobile broadband networks with 5g trends and beyond: urban areas scope in Malaysia

The performance of Mobile Broadband (MBB) services of Fourth Generation (4G) and Third Generation (3G) mobile networks over urban morphology is studied in Malaysia based on experimental measurements of drive test data. The aim of this study is to provide a roadmap for service providers to establish a realistic plan for future Fifth Generation (5G) networks. This work is a continuation of our previous work for the scope of rural areas in Malaysia. The MBB measurement data have been gathered through drive tests conducted in the urban areas of four states throughout Malaysia (namely, Klang Valley/Selangor, Johor, Sarawak and Sabah) to characterise and analyse MBB performances. The gathered data are from the cities, highways and federal roads of the chosen states, and encompasses three main Mobile Network Operators (MNOs). Data has been collected in a time span of 2 months, from January to February, using the Samsung Galaxy S6 smartphone handsets. Four MBB Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are considered in this study (coverage, latency, satisfaction and speed) for two MBB services (web browsing and video streaming). The measurement data for characterising the performance of each MBB service has been collected using a dedicated smartphone handset. YouTube videos with 720p and 1080p resolutions have been sequentially streamed to assess the performance of MBB video-streaming services. Three distinct websites (Google, Instagram and mStar) have been accessed to evaluate the performance of MBB web-browsing services. The experimental methodology of this study integrates several diversified elements including four different urban states, four distinct KPIs, three main MNOs, two MBB services and two radio networks (4G and 3G), which are both accessible by the smartphones when available to mimic real-world scenarios. The results of this study reveal that the performance of 4G radio networks is generally superior to that of 3G. For instance, 4G networks achieved a vMOS score of more than 3 for both MBB video-streaming and web-browsing services, while 3G networks scored less than 3 across all four study areas. The analysed experimental results confirmed that compared to 3G networks, 4G technology presents an enhancement factor of up to 1.6 and 4.2 in download speed when streaming a video and browsing a web page, respectively. The study outcomes can contribute to the efficient planning of non-standalone (NSA) 5G networks in Malaysia where 5G networks will be aided by existing 4G infrastructures. Analysing the 4G coverage performance is the first step towards deciding the deployment rate of NSA 5G in Malaysia