Seasonal Variation of Essential Oil Yield and Composition of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) Grown in Castilla - La Mancha (Central Spain)

Links between phenology, yield and composition of the essential oil of common sage, Salvia officinalis L., grown in Guadalajara (Central Spain) were determined in the different phases of the biological cycle during one year. Data showed an average yield about 1.0%. The analysis of the oil components was carried out by GC-FID and GC/MS. The main oil constituent was alpha thujone (40.1 - 46.5%). Other identified compounds are beta pinene (2.6 - 4.5%), cineole (3.5 - 8.7%), beta thujone (4.1 - 5.6%), camphor (4.1 - 8.0%), borneol (1.3 - 3.7%), alpha humulene (3.8 - 7.3%), viridiflorol (3.4-12.6%) and manool (0.1-4.5%). The highest yield of oil was obtained in the period of full flowering and the highest concentration of alpha thujone in the period of initial flowering

Reduction of ureteral stent encrustation by modulating the urine pH and inhibiting the crystal film with a new oral composition: a multicenter, placebo controlled, double blind, randomized clinical trial

Background: Encrustation of ureteral double J stents is a common complication that may affect its removal. The aim of the proposed study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new oral composition to prevent double J stent encrustation in indwelling times up to 8 weeks. Methods: A double-blinded, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 105 patients with indwelling double J stents enrolled across 9 public hospitals in Spain. The patients were randomly assigned (1:1) into intervention (53 patients) or placebo (52 patients) groups for 3 to 8 weeks and both groups self-monitored daily their morning urine pH levels. The primary outcome of analysis was the degree of stent ends encrustation, defined by a 4-point score (0 - none; 3 - global encrustation) using macroscopic and electron microscopy analysis of crystals, after 3 to 8-w indwelling period. Score was exponentially transformed according to calcium levels. Secondary endpoints included urine pH decrease, stent removal, and incidence of adverse events. Results: The intervention group benefits from a lower global encrustation rate of stent ends than placebo group (1% vs 8.2%; p < 0.018). Mean encrustation score was 85.12 (274.5) in the placebo group and 18.91 (102.27) in the intervention group (p < 0.025). Considering the secondary end points, treated patients reported greater urine pH decreases (p = 0.002). No differences in the incidence of adverse events were identified between the groups. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the use of this new oral composition is beneficial in the context of ureteral double J indwelling by decreasing mean, as well as global encrustation

Capabilities of Nanostructured Tungsten for Plasma Facing Material

One of the bottle necks for fusion to become a reality is the lack of materials able to withstand the harsh conditions taken place in a reactor environment. In particular, plasma facing materials (PFM) have to resist large radiation fluxes and thermal loads. Nowadays, tungsten is one of the most attractive materials proposed for PFM. However, it is known that the irradiation of tungsten with H leads to surface blistering and subsequent cracking and exfoliation which is unacceptable. In particular, these effects have been observed to be more severe when W is subjected to pulse irradiation

Efectos de la extracción de chaetomorpha linum y ulva spp sobre el estado ecológico del mar menor durante la primavera y verano de 2022

El Mar Menor a diferencia de otras lagunas costeras es de carácter oligotrófico y en las últimas décadas derivado de presiones agrícolas y urbanas, y una planificación litoral de escasa integración ambiental han desencadenado episodios eutróficos que el sistema ha intentado controlar mediante proliferaciones de medusas, algas, fitoplancton y zooplancton, en un intento de favorecer el sistema de producción primaria de arriba-abajo. El Gobierno de la Región de Murcia durante 2022 realiza una retirada de las algas con el fin de evitar la putrefacción y descomposición en zonas someras que generan fangos, y minimizando la incorporación de nutrientes desde el sediment

Validation of the spanish version of the multiple sclerosis international quality of life (musiqol) questionnaire

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Multiple Sclerosis International Quality Of Life (MusiQoL) questionnaire, a 31-item, multidimensional, self-administrated questionnaire that is available in 14 languages including Spanish, has been validated using a large international sample. We investigated the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of MusiQoL in Spain.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Consecutive patients with different types and severities of multiple sclerosis (MS) were recruited from 22 centres across Spain. All patients completed the MusiQoL questionnaire, the 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) health survey, and a symptoms checklist at baseline and 21 days later. External validity, internal consistency, reliability and reproducibility were tested.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 224 Spanish patients were evaluated. Dimensions of MusiQoL generally demonstrated a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.70-0.92 for all but two MusiQoL domain scores). External validity testing revealed that the MusiQoL index score correlated significantly with all SF-36 dimension scores (Pearson's correlation: 0.46-0.76), reproducibility was satisfactory (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.60-0.91), acceptability was high, and the time taken to complete the 31-item questionnaire was reasonable (mean [standard deviation]: 9.8 [11.8] minutes).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The Spanish version of the MusiQoL questionnaire appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for measuring quality of life in patients with MS in Spain and constitutes a useful instrument to measure health-related quality of life in the clinical setting.</p

Composición química de extractos de bambú (Guadua angustifolia)

Se presenta la composición química de los extractos de bambú (Guadua angustifolia). Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio en el Jardín Botánico de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (Colombia) de guaduas maduras y sobremaduras, combinando diafragma, nudo y entrenudo con cepa, basa y sobrebasa, obteniendo un total de 54 muestras. Las muestras se cortaron para obtener discos de unos 2-3 cm de altura, separando nudos, diafragmas y entrenudos. Las muestras trituradas se tamizan y se pesan alícuotas de 3-5 gramos para la extracción. Las extracciones se realizaron por ultrasonidos, con Soxhlet y con extractor Randall con los disolventes éter de petróleo 40-60 C, acetona, metanol y agua secuencialmente. Los extractos se analizaron por cromatografía de gases- espectrometría de masas y HPLC. El contenido total de extractos es del orden del 11,1% en los nudos, 16,5% en los entrenudos y 28,3% en los diafragmas. Entre los compuestos identificados se encuentran esteroles, vitamina E, hidrocarburos saturados, 4 hidroxi- 4 metil- 2 pentanona, neofitadieno, vitamina E, fenoles, aldehidos, los ácidos palmítico y linoleico y dietilenglicol

Respuesta de los flujos de CO2 del suelo a la gestión de pinares del Sistema Central (España)

A fin de profundizar en el conocimiento de la respiración de los suelos a lo largo de un turno de corta de pinares de silvestre bajo diferentes métodos de gestión se instalaron una serie de cámaras de respiración con las que medir emisiones de CO2 del suelo en cada clase artificial de edad (6 en Valsaín y 5 en Navafría) cubriendo el turno completo de corta. Entre junio de 2009 y diciembre de 2010 se tomaron en intervalos aproximados de 15-20 días medidas de la tasa de emisión de CO2 del suelo, la temperatura del suelo y la humedad del suelo en cada uno de los puntos de muestreo. Se observó un patrón estacional en las emisiones de CO2, con mayores valores en primavera y otoño, y menores en verano. Ambos montes mostraron diferencias significativas entre tasas de emisión de sus clases de edad, a excepción del periodo de verano en el monte de Valsaín. Los flujos acumulados fueron mayores en el periodo vegetativo de 2010 que en el 2009. El modelo obtenido teniendo en cuenta como covariables temperatura y humedad del suelo permite entender y predecir la respiración del suelo de estos pinares mediterráneos en respuesta a su gestión

Analysis of lipophilic compounds in needles of Pinus pinea L.

Monoterpene, sesquiterpene, neutral diterpene, fatty and resin acids were analyzed in needles of Pinus pinea. Together these compounds represent a mean of 6 mg g$^{-1}$ of fresh needles. Sixty-five different compounds were identified. The main components were: $l$-limonene (monoterpene), $\beta$-caryophyllene and germacrene D (sesquiterpenes), (11$E$,13Z)-labdadien-8-ol and abienol (neutral diterpenes), oleic and stearic acids (fatty acids) and abietic, isopimaric, levopimaric, palustric, and dehydroabietic acids (resin acids). Fifty-six compounds were described for the first time in needles of this Pinus species.Analyse des composés lipophiles dans les aiguilles de Pinus pinea L. Monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes neutres, et acides gras et résiniques ont été analysés dans les aiguilles de Pinus pinea. Ces composés représentent ensemble une moyenne de 6 mg g$^{-1}$ d'aiguille fraîche. Soixante cinq composés différents ont été identifiés. Les composés les plus importants ont été : $l$-limonene (monoterpenes), $\beta$-cariofilene et germacrene D (sesquiterpenes), (11$E$,13Z)-labdadien-8-ol et abienol (diterpenes neutres), acides oléique et stéarique (acides gras) et acides abiétique, isopimarique, levopimarique, palustrique et dehydroabietique (acides résiniques). Cinquante six composés ont été décrits pour la première fois dans les aiguilles de cette espèce de pin