The State, Bureaucracy And Corruption In Nigeria

The transformation of societies to capitalism has introduced complexity into activities of man. Once capitalism transformed the traditional way of life, factors such as effectiveness of competition, freedom of movement and the absence of any system of social security compelled the state to assume responsibility for the protection and welfare of the individual (Jacoby, 1973:147). To help the state achieve this, it has become imperative to have a seeming standing power evolving from, but placing itself above, the society. Such power that alienates itself more and more from the society is being exercised on behalf of the state by certain institutions, structures and agencies, the bureaucracy being the most important (Arowolo, 2004:2)

Ethics, Motivation and Performance in Nigeria’s Public Service

Performance of Nigerian public service has been a major concern to policy makers and researchers as well. This is because despite all measures put in place to arrest the performance failure, the service, it seems, has defied all approaches towards tackling the problem of inefficiency and capacity collapse. The paper, therefore, looked at how ethics and motivation of public servants can enhance public service performance in the area of service delivery by linking strict adherence to ethics and motivation to performance. It adopted content analysis as a method of data gathering and analysis. It suggested viable options for effective and efficient service-oriented public service. Keywords: Approaches, Capacity, Delivery, Measures, Polic

Globalisation, Good Governance And Democracy: The Interface

Globalisation has been an important factor in accelerating democracy’s growth in recent decades. In this globalised world, rapid development and global proliferation of new technologies and telecommunications, and integration of the world economy through trade and investment, have increased the role and power of regional and global institutions (Cheema and Maguire, 2004). This promoted and strengthened the spread of democracy while also providing the leverage for good governance. Globalisation impacts on the mode of governance that a country operates either as a symbol of universality or for uniformity. This unstoppable trend has homogenised governance on a global scale while depicting authoritarianism as unproductive political modernity

Political Dimension of Policy Implementation in Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria

Despite the importance of higher education and the role it plays in national development, higher education is experiencing downward trends in Ondo State, Nigeria. This perhaps explains the proliferation of literature on higher education subsector but there has to date been little systematic evaluation of the consequences of political influence on policy implementation in Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo. This article assesses the political context of policy implementation in Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo. Using qualitative method, this article finds evidence of political interference in the implementation of recruitment and funding policies of the polytechnic as the major factor responsible for the low performance in the polytechnic. The findings are relevant both for understanding the political context of policy implementation and also for providing the necessary strategies for effective policy implementation in the polytechnic in particular and higher education subsector in Ondo State, Nigeria in general

Democracy, political participation and good governance in Nigeria

The practice of democracy in Nigeria over a decade ago has not yielded much needed good governance. This is because democracy is practiced in such a way that responsible and competent people are scared away. Scholars and keen observers have attempted at unraveling the factors militating against translating democracy into good governance. The paper revealed that democratisation in Nigeria is pervaded by electoral violence, manipulation of election results and political participation constraints. These identified challenges have made it impossible to attain consolidated democracy that can, in turn, facilitate good governance. Democracy is a catalyst for accountability, transparency and responsive government which brings about good governance. The paper insisted that governance collapse in Nigeria is reflexive of the perfunctory role of the political actors and it adopted elite theory to reinforce this argument. The paper adopted content analysis as a means of data gathering. It dwelt extensively on the synergy between democracy, political participation and good governance but queried the artificial gulf between them in Nigeria. It concluded by putting forth viable and pragmatic way forward

Information Communication Technologies Utilization and Profitability of Catfish Farming in Ijebu-Ode Zone of the Agricultural Development Programme, Ogun State

The effect of information communication technologies utilization on profitability was examined among 120 catfish farmers drawn through a multistage sampling procedure. Data were elicited with the aid of a structured questionnaire, analysed using percentages, budgetary technique and multiple regression model. Agricultural media information sources utilized by the farmers include mobile phone (79.2%), television (76.7%) and radio (68.3%).  The result revealed that ?592,448.90 was expended as cost per annum on fish production with ?970,700.54 as revenue and a gross margin of ?438,880.28 among ICT users while for non-ICT users ?652,067.47, ?1,026,428.66 and ?427,337.41 were obtained as total cost, revenue and gross margin respectively.  A value of 0.64 realized on the investment among ICT users implies that for every ?1 invested in catfish farming, ?1.64 is gotten as returns, leaving a profit of ?0.64 while a profit of ?0.57 is realized among non-ICT users. The factors that determine the profitability of catfish farming include household size (10%), input cost (1%) and television usage (5%) as agricultural media information source. Catfish farmers who utilized ICT have a higher profit level than non-users. Efforts and policies that will promote the farmers’ timely availability and accessibility of agricultural information, particularly through television is recommended

Information Communication Technologies Utilization and Profitability of Catfish Farming in Ijebu-Ode Zone of the Agricultural Development Programme, Ogun State

The effect of information communication technologies utilization on profitability was examined among 120 catfish farmers drawn through a multistage sampling procedure. Data were elicited with the aid of a structured questionnaire, analysed using percentages, budgetary technique and multiple regression model. Agricultural media information sources utilized by the farmers include mobile phone (79.2%), television (76.7%) and radio (68.3%).  The result revealed that ?592,448.90 was expended as cost per annum on fish production with ?970,700.54 as revenue and a gross margin of ?438,880.28 among ICT users while for non-ICT users ?652,067.47, ?1,026,428.66 and ?427,337.41 were obtained as total cost, revenue and gross margin respectively.  A value of 0.64 realized on the investment among ICT users implies that for every ?1 invested in catfish farming, ?1.64 is gotten as returns, leaving a profit of ?0.64 while a profit of ?0.57 is realized among non-ICT users. The factors that determine the profitability of catfish farming include household size (10%), input cost (1%) and television usage (5%) as agricultural media information source. Catfish farmers who utilized ICT have a higher profit level than non-users. Efforts and policies that will promote the farmers’ timely availability and accessibility of agricultural information, particularly through television is recommended

Information Communication Technologies Utilization and Profitability of Catfish Farming in Ijebu-Ode Zone of the Agricultural Development Programme, Ogun State

The effect of information communication technologies utilization on profitability was examined among 120 catfish farmers drawn through a multistage sampling procedure. Data were elicited with the aid of a structured questionnaire, analysed using percentages, budgetary technique and multiple regression model. Agricultural media information sources utilized by the farmers include mobile phone (79.2%), television (76.7%) and radio (68.3%).  The result revealed that ?592,448.90 was expended as cost per annum on fish production with ?970,700.54 as revenue and a gross margin of ?438,880.28 among ICT users while for non-ICT users ?652,067.47, ?1,026,428.66 and ?427,337.41 were obtained as total cost, revenue and gross margin respectively.  A value of 0.64 realized on the investment among ICT users implies that for every ?1 invested in catfish farming, ?1.64 is gotten as returns, leaving a profit of ?0.64 while a profit of ?0.57 is realized among non-ICT users. The factors that determine the profitability of catfish farming include household size (10%), input cost (1%) and television usage (5%) as agricultural media information source. Catfish farmers who utilized ICT have a higher profit level than non-users. Efforts and policies that will promote the farmers’ timely availability and accessibility of agricultural information, particularly through television is recommended

Women's Education, Maternal Health, Entrepreneurship and Development in Nigeria

In modern society, several studies have focused on women affairs in both developed and developing countries. Through some of such studies, some significant improvements have been recorded in the status of women in developed nations while the reverse has been the case in most developing countries such as Nigeria, mostly in the areas of education, maternal health, entrepreneurship and national development. This means women in developing countries are negatively affected in terms of education, maternal health, entrepreneurship and contributions national development in Nigeria. The present paper intends to discuss how women are negatively affected in these areas using data retrieved from a secondary source and content analysis as its methodology. The article used radical feminism theory to gain insight into the plight of women in Nigeria and advocated equal opportunity for men and women to develop their potentials in its concluding remarks. This could go a long way to ensure the transformation of women lives from poverty to affluence and enhance their immense contributions to societal development. Since contributions to national development depend on potentials which do not have any gender connotation, equal opportunity should be granted to male and female for capacity building. Such an effort could greatly enhance national development than when only one gender (male) is solely empowered

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised