Prediction of genotypic values of maize for the agricultural frontier region in northeastern Maranhao, Brazil

Mora, F (Mora, Freddy). Univ Talca, Inst Biol Vegetal & Biotecnol, Talca, ChileAgricultural research, mainly focused on the evaluation of maize cultivars along agricultural frontiers, are scarce. This study assessed 128 maize genotypes in the agricultural frontier region of the State of Maranhao, between 2008 and 2009. The experiment was arranged in a lattice design with two replications. The genotypes were evaluated for grain yield in a mixed model, with fixed intercept and experimental effects. The random effects were genotype, genetic class (single-, double or triple-cross hybrid and variety), and incomplete block/replication/environment. The genotype effect was significant by the likelihood ratio test in all models, highlighting the genotypic values of the single-cross hybrids DKB177, AG8088 and DKB390, the triple-cross PL6882, the double-cross BM502 and of the open-pollinated variety SHS3031

Pacote em ambiente R para análise de variância e análises complementares

Objetivou-se criar pacote em ambiente R, denominado “easyanova”, a fim de disponibilizar funções para realizar análise de variância de tratamentos qualitativos, com várias opções de testes de contrastes de médias e análise de resíduos. O pacote dispõe das funções “ea1()”, “ea2()” e “ec()” e 19 conjuntos de dados. A função “ea1()” realiza análises em 13 delineamentos e também os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Friedman. A função “ea2()” realiza análises em esquemas experimentais com interação (13 esquemas). A função “ec()” testa contrastes de grupos de médias. Os dados e exemplos disponíveis no pacote são voltados principalmente à experimentação animal. Entre delineamentos possíveis de serem analisados têm-se alguns muito utilizados na experimentação animal, como os quadrados latinos e parcelas subdivididas no tempo. As funções do pacote também são de fácil utilização e fazem ajustes necessários nos casos de experimentos desbalanceados.The objective was to create a package in the R environment, called “easyanova” to provide functions for performing analysis of variance of qualitative treatments with several test options for mean contrasts and residual analysis. The package comprises the functions “ea1()”,”ea2()” and “ec ()” and 19 data sets. The “ea1()” performs analyses in 13 designs and also the tests of Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman. The “ea2()” function performs analyses in experimental schemes with interaction (13 schemes). The “ec()” function tests mean group contrasts. The data and examples available in the package are associated mainly with animal research. Some of the possible analyzable designs are widely used in animal experimentation, such as Latin squares and split plot in time. In addition, the functions of the package are easy to use and make the necessary adjustments in cases of unbalanced experiments

Heme Peroxidases at Unperturbed and Inflamed Mucous Surfaces

In our organism, mucous surfaces are important boundaries against the environmental milieu with defined fluxes of metabolites through these surfaces and specific rules for defense reactions. Major mucous surfaces are formed by epithelia of the respiratory system and the digestive tract. The heme peroxidases lactoperoxidase (LPO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) contribute to immune protection at epithelial surfaces and in secretions. Whereas LPO is secreted from epithelial cells and maintains microbes in surface linings on low level, MPO and EPO are released from recruited neutrophils and eosinophils, respectively, at inflamed mucous surfaces. Activated heme peroxidases are able to oxidize (pseudo)halides to hypohalous acids and hypothiocyanite. These products are involved in the defense against pathogens, but can also contribute to cell and tissue damage under pathological conditions. This review highlights the beneficial and harmful functions of LPO, MPO, and EPO at unperturbed and inflamed mucous surfaces. Among the disorders, special attention is directed to cystic fibrosis and allergic reactions

Expression of plasma prekallikrein mRNA in human nonhepatic tissues and cell lineages suggests special local functions of the enzyme

At present it is generally accepted that plasma prekallikrein (PPK) is synthesized in the liver and secreted into the bloodstream. Surprisingly, it has recently been shown that PPK mRNA is present also in RNA from the kidney, adrenal gland and placenta. In spite of its novelty and possible important physiological implications this finding has been neglected. Here we report that PPK mRNA is expressed also in the human brain, heart, lung, trachea, endothelial cells and leukocytes as well as in a variety of fibroblast and epithelial cell lines. Expression of PPK mRNA in fibroblasts, endothelial cells and leukocytes suggests that PPK mRNA detected in RNA preparations from whole tissue may originate solely from these ubiquitously occurring cells. However, PPK mRNA expression in various epithelial cell lines demonstrates that tissue-specific cells also transcribe the PPK gene. The presence of PPK mRNA in nonhepatic tissues and cells indicates that they have the capacity to synthesize the protein. The physiological role of PPK synthesized in extrahepatic tissue is unknown. It may participate in local actions within tissues as well as contributing to the PPK pool in blood plasma. Cultured cells will provide a valuable model for exploring the physiological significance of extrahepatic PPK expression

Mentalitätsunterschiede zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland und ihre Herkunft

Auch fast 20 Jahre nach der deutschen Vereinigung gibt es in weiten Teilen der ostdeutschen Bevölkerung noch immer Vorbehalte gegenüber der marktwirtschaftlichen Ordnung. Was auf den ersten Blick verwundern mag, ist bei näherem Hinsehen durchaus erklärlich. Ein großer Teil der Menschen in den neuen Ländern ist in der DDR aufgewachsen und hat dort die die individuellen Einstellungen prägenden Erfahrungen gesammelt. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden Ergebnisse einer am IFO INSTITUT durchgeführten Untersuchung zu Denkmustern in Ostdeutschland im Vergleich zu Westdeutschland präsentiert. Die Analyse beschränkt sich dabei nicht allein darauf, Unterschiede darzustellen, sondern versucht darüber hinaus auch, die Kausalitäten und sozialpsychologischen Mechanismen für ostdeutschlandspezifische Sichtweisen zu identifizieren.Kulturpsychologie; Entwicklungskonvergenz; Neue Bundesländer; Alte Bundesländer

The hydroperoxide moiety of aliphatic lipid hydroperoxides is not affected by hypochlorous acid

The oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids to the corresponding hydroperoxide by plant and animal lipoxygenases is an important step for the generation of bioactive lipid mediators. Thereby fatty acid hydroperoxide represent a common intermediate, also in human innate immune cells, like neutrophil granulocytes. In these cells a further key component is the heme protein myeloperoxidase producing HOCl as a reactive oxidant. On the basis of different investigation a reaction of the fatty acid hydroperoxide and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) could be assumed. Here, chromatographic and spectrometric analysis revealed that the hydroperoxide moiety of 15S-hydroperoxy-5Z,8Z,11Z,13E-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HpETE) and 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid (13-HpODE) is not affected by HOCl. No reduction of the hydroperoxide group due to a reaction with HOCl could be measured. It could be demonstrated that the double bonds of the fatty acid hydroperoxides are the major target of HOCl, present either as reagent or formed by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system

A contabilidade associada as micro e pequenas empresas: foco no presente para construir o futuro

Sabe-se que a contabilidade surgiu muito antes do aparecimento da moeda, em meados de 2000. A.C com a necessidade de controlar os bens que detinham. Com a evolução da tecnologia, as ferramentas contábeis proporcionaram uma visão detalhista do presente e futurista do patrimônio. Este artigo objetiva o estudo mais aprofundado da contabilidade aplicada ás micro e pequenas empresas especialmente no que se refere à tomada de decisão, identificando os fatores que influenciam os gestores e como a ciência contábil pode auxiliar para tomar decisões mais assertivas, almejando o sucesso dos pequenos negócios que geram uma grande riqueza no PIB brasileiro. Dessa maneira, foi realizado um estudo de caráter descritivo e de abordagem qualitativa, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdos acadêmicos, artigos científicos e livros de contabilidade