A systematic review of online interventions for mental health in low and middle income countries : a neglected field

Background. Low and middle income countries (LMICs) are facing an increase of the impact of mental health problems while confronted with limited resources and limited access to mental health care, known as the ‘mental health gap’. One strategy to reduce the mental health gap would be to utilize the internet to provide more widely-distributed and low cost mental health care. We undertook this systematic review to investigate the effectiveness and efficacy of online interventions in LMICs. Methods. We systematically searched the data-bases PubMed, PsycINFO, JMIR, and additional sources. MeSH terms, Thesaurus, and free text keywords were used. We included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of online interventions in LMICs. Results. We found only three articles reported results of RCTs on online interventions for mental health conditions in LMICs, but none of these interventions was compared with an active control condition. Also, the mental health conditions were diverse across the three studies. Conclusions. There is a dearth of studies examining the effect of online interventions in LMICs, so we cannot draw a firm conclusion on its effectiveness. However, given the effectiveness of online interventions in high income countries and sharp increase of internet access in LMICs, online interventions may offer a potential to help reduce the ‘mental health gap’. More studies are urgently needed in LMICs

Peran Kontrol Diri sebagai Prediktor Perilaku Mengemudi Agresif pada Pengemudi Mobil di Jakarta

Many things can cause traffic accident, including the driver behaviour. Aggressive drivingbehaviour is associated with the risk of traffic accident. Aggressive driving behaviour usuallypredicted by external factors, such as other driver’s attitude or gesture that could trigger anger.However, aggressive driving behaviour could also be shown in a situation where there is no otherdriver, for example when someone drive with a high speed in an empty traffic. This means, internalfactor, associated with the ability of the drivers to control themselves, can also contribute toaggressive driving behaviour. This study aims to investigate the role of self-control in predictingaggressive driving behaviour in car driver, specifically in Jakarta. The result from linearaggression analysis shows that self-control significantly predicted aggressive driving behaviourin car drivers in Jakarta. The coefficient is negative, showing that higher self-control determineslower aggressive driving behaviour, and lower self-control determines higher aggressive drivingbehaviour. Practical implications, limitations of the study, and recommendation for future studyare discussed

Stigma terhadap Orang dengan Gangguan Mental: Pengaruh informasi status gangguan mental terhadap penilaian daya tarik fisik pada mahasiswi S1 Psikologi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh informasi tentang status gangguan mental terhadap penilaian daya tarik fisik pada mahasiswi S1 Psikologi, dengan sampel mahasiswi S1 Fakultas Psikologi Unika Atma Jaya. Penelitian menggunakan metode randomized pretest-posttest control group design dengan teknik kontrol blocking. Pemberian pretest-posttest menggunakan visual analogue scale dilakukan untuk mengukur penilaian partisipan atas daya tarik fisik objektif dan subjektif dari model laki-laki yang ditampilkan melalui foto. Di kelompok eksperimen (n=31, Mean usia=20,48, SD=1,18), partisipan diberikan informasi yang menunjukkan bahwa model memiliki gangguan mental skizofrenia, sedangkan di kelompok kontrol (n=32, Mean usia=20,59, SD=1,13), partisipan diberikan informasi yang menunjukkan bahwa model sehat secara mental. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa informasi status gangguan mental berpengaruh secara signifikan pada penilaian daya tarik fisik secara objektif (U=405.000, n1=31, n2=32, p<0,05) dan subjektif (U=116.000, n1=31, n2=32, p<0,05). Pada post-test, skor daya tarik fisik model menurun secara signifikan pada kelompok eksperimen dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol, baik secara objektif maupun subjektif. Ini menunjukkan bahwa mereka yang mempelajari ilmu Psikologi tidak sepenuhnya dapat memandang individu dengan gangguan mental secara netral dalam konteks yang personal, dalam hal ini ketertarikan fisik dalam konteks romantis. Studi lanjutan pada topik ini masih diperlukan

Prediktor Kualitas Hidup pada Musisi

Musical activities carried out by musicians can bring benefits but can also cause discomfort to theextent of causing mental health problems. This condition in general can be reflected through thequality of life of the musicians. The participants of this study were 70 musicians with the agerange of 18-47 years old (Mean=27.94, SD=6.73), and was obtained through accidental sampling.This study aims to examine the predictor role of sex, age, music playing duration, music educationduration, and length of practice per day, on the quality of life of the musicians. Multiple regressionanalysis showed significant results (R2=0.185, F(5,64)=2.907, p<0.05). Predictors thatspecifically significant predicting the quality of life of the musicians are sex, age, and musiceducation duration. Male musicians were reported having a higher quality of life (Mean=89.97,SD=12.60) than the female musicians (Mean=83.97, SD=8.48). The higher the musicians' agesand education duration also predict the higher quality of life. The limitations of this research andrecommendations for further research development are discussed in the discussion part

Relational Maintenance Behavior as a Predictor of Marital Satisfaction in Commuter Marriage

This study aims to examine the predictive role of Relationship Maintenance Behavior and its strategies (positivity, understanding, self-disclosure, relationship talk, assurances, sharing tasks, social network) on marriage satisfaction among commuter marriage couples. Instruments used included the Relational Maintenance Behavior (self-reported and partner-reported) to see the use of RMB strategies, and the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) to see the marriage satisfaction. Data were collected from 152 individuals who participated in commuter marriage, aged below 38, and have been married for less than 13 years (the adjusting type). Finding reveals that both the use of Relationship Maintenance Behavior and perception of partner’s use of Relationship Maintenance Behavior significantly predict marriage satisfaction in commuter marriage. Specifically, the Relationship Maintenance strategy that significantly predicts marital satisfaction is positivity, and the Relationship Maintenance strategies used by the partner that significantly predict marital satisfaction are shared task and positivity

REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF MALE ALBINO RATS AFTER INDUCTION IN SLEEP DEPRIVATION MODELS

Paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) and total sleep deprivation (TSD) cause disrupt of male infertilitybut sleep recovery (SR) can improve male reproduction function that connected with occupational works health. The aim of this study is to determine the difference of reproduction parameters in male albinorats  after exposed by various sleep deprivation models. This research was experimental post-test only with control group design. Rats were divided into 5 groups (6 animals each group) : negativecontrol, PSD (II), TSD (III), PSD with SR, TSD with SR.  The study results  showed that average of spermatogenic  group IV (8.35 ± 0.06) and V (8.27 ± 0.27) had higher scores. group IV had the highest number of Leydig cell (5,91 ± 1,43),  group I had the highest rates (40,02 ± 2,04)   number of Sertoli cell and there were no significant difference  average of epithelial diameter (p=0,598) and height (p=0,895). There were significant difference of spermatogenic score post-SR,  number of Sertoli and Leydig cells, but no significant difference of epithelial diameter and height of seminiferous tubule after exposed by various sleep deprivation stress model. Sleep recovery in occupational work can  repair the histological parameter of reproduction. Key word : male albino rats, reproduction parameters,  sleep deprivation model

Ektrak Daging Buah Mahkota Dewa Meregenerasi Sel Pulau Langerhans Pada Tikus Putih Diabetes

In Indonesia, the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus is accompanied by the increasing financial burden to the patients. It is necessary to find alternative herbal treatment for diabetes, which is effective, cheap, and easy to find: the mahkota dewa. This research aims to find out the histological regeneration of Langerhans islet cells after given by flesh extract of mahkota dewa.This experimental research used complete randomized design (CRD). There were 5 treatments given to the twenty five mice; the negative control group (the normal one), the positive control (male white mice (Rattus norvegicus which were made diabetic by administering injection of 70 mg/kg of body mass of diabetogenic alloxan), the group of diabetic male white mice given 3, 6 and 9 grams/day/200 bodyweights), then were measured glucose in blood at 0, 1st and 4th week and counted Langerhans islet cells every 5 overviews.Statistically results showed that flesh extracts of mahkota dewa can decreased glucose in diabetic mice (r=0,75) with contribute 56,89% in decreasing, regenerated Langerhans islet cells of pankreas {Fcount(17,558)>Ftab(2,870)} with the highest increasing is 3,84 amount and started with 3grams/day/200 bodyweights doses, and the best effectiveness in regenerating was 11,81% consentration or 0,1181grams/day (6.56 grams/day in human)

A step toward bridging the mental health gap using the internet:Internet interventions for common mental health disorders in low and middle income countries, and treating depression in Indonesia

Depression is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease, including in low and middle income countries (LMICs), where the prevalence is reported to be around 4.2%. However, treatment availability is far from ideal in LMICs, known as the mental health gap (World Health Organization). Indonesia is one of these LMICs. The need to improve treatment availability for mental health problems in Indonesia is widely recognized. Because Indonesia is an archipelago, mental health facilities are unequally distributed. Therefore, innovative strategies to address the mental health gap and improve access to treatment in Indonesia and other LMICs need to be developed, including use of technology in combination with delivery by non-specialists to facilitate access. Guided Act and Feel Indonesia (GAF-ID) is an internet-based intervention for depression that is guided by trained lay counselors and based on a treatment protocol for behavioral activation that has been adapted to the Indonesian context. In a randomized clinical trial, we investigated the effectiveness of internet-based behavioural activation with lay counselor support compared to online minimal psychoeducation without support for depression in 313 participants in Indonesia. Depressive symptoms were significantly lower over 10 weeks and chance of remission was 50% higher in the GAF-ID group than in the online psychoeducation group. The effect was sustained over time – with an effect size 0·27 at 6 months. This may open up new ways to bridge the mental health gap in LMICs