Photographic evidence of dholes in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, Indonesia.

For many years the dhole was believed to have been undetected in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (GGPNP). Nevertheless, in 2012 and 2013, we were able to photograph this elusive creature. We report the photographic evidence of the endangered dhole (Cuon alpinus) using camera trap di GGPNP.

PENGARUH SOSIALISASI PERPAJAKAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK DENGAN PENGETAHUAN PERPAJAKAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING (Studi Pada Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi di KPP Pratama Kota Surabaya)

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengeruh sosialisasi perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak melalui pengetahuan perpajakan. Untuk menguji hipotesis, digunakan data primer dengan metode Convenience sampling. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis jalur dengan sosialisasi perpajakan sebagai variabel (X) serta pengetahuan perpajakan sebagai variabel intervening dan kepatuhan wajib pajak sebagai variable (Y). Setelah data di analisis, ditemukan bahwa sosialisasi perpajakan berpengaruh positif terhadap pengetahuan perpajakan memiliki nilai t-hitung 9,726 lebih besar dari nilai t-tabel 2,70 dengan nilai signifikan 0,000. Pengetahuan perpajakan berpengaruh positif terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak memiliki nilai t-hitung 4,261 lebih besar dari nilai t-tabel 2,70 dengan nilai signifikan 0,000. Sosialisasi perpajakan berpengaruh positif terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak memiliki nilai t-hitung 5,744 lebih besar dari nilai t-tabel 2,70 dengan nilai signifikan 0,000. Variabel sosialisasi perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak sebesar 0,502 dan pengaruh tidak langsung sebesar 0,4185.Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa secara tidak langsung sosialisasi perpajakan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak melalui pengetahuan perpajakan.Kata Kunci: Sosialisasi Perpajakan, Pengetahuan Perpajakan, Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak

Habitat Suitability of Release Site for Javan Gibbon (Hylobates moloch) in Mount Malabar Protected Forests, West Java

The javan gibbon reintroduction program requires assessment of suitable habitat within release sites to assure the survival of released gibbons. We studied habitat suitability for javan gibbon beginning in April 2017, extending to June 2017 in the Mount Malabar Protected Forest (MMPF), West Java. The objectives of this study were to analyze the habitat suitability of the release site for javan gibbon in MMPF. Analysis of Geographical Information System (GIS) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) approach were used to obtain habitat suitability values. Habitat suitability variables measured are elevation, Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI), Bareness Soil Index (BSI), distance from the road, farming, settlement, and open field. We found suitability valued areas consisting of high suitability covered 2,009.23 ha (22.31%), moderate suitability covered 2,497.46 ha (27.73%), and low suitability covered 4.499,65 ha (49.96%), from a total area ± 8.894,47 ha in MMPF

Habitat Suitability of Release Site for Javan Gibbon (Hylobates moloch) in Mount Malabar Protected Forests, West Java

The javan gibbon reintroduction program requires assessment of suitable habitat within release sites to assure the survival of released gibbons. We studied habitat suitability for javan gibbon beginning in April 2017, extending to June 2017 in the Mount Malabar Protected Forest (MMPF), West Java. The objectives of this study were to analyze the habitat suitability of the release site for javan gibbon in MMPF. Analysis of Geographical Information System (GIS) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) approach were used to obtain habitat suitability values. Habitat suitability variables measured are elevation, Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI), Bareness Soil Index (BSI), distance from the road, farming, settlement, and open field. We found suitability valued areas consisting of high suitability covered 2,009.23 ha (22.31%), moderate suitability covered 2,497.46 ha (27.73%), and low suitability covered 4.499,65 ha (49.96%), from a total area ± 8.894,47 ha in MMPF

Preliminary study on bird and mammal diversity at ecosystem restored areas in the Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, West Java, Indonesia

Since 2008, Conservation International Indonesia (CI Indonesia) has been working together with Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (GGPNP) develop ecosystem restoration program in extended critical land area of National Park. More than 120,000 trees of 8 native species trees planted in an area of 300 hectares. Now the ecosystem has been restored and provides multiple benefits including become a new habitat for wildlife. The preliminary study on birds and mammals diversity in restored area was conducted in 2 months from April to May 2018 in Nagrak resort, GPPNP. The aim of this study is to assess the diversity on mammals and bird within ecosystem restored in the GGPNP. Birds were surveyed using point counts method, and mammals using camera trap. The results shows a total of 33 bird species of 22 families with the total number recorded 1,881 individuals. A total of 10 mammal species of 7 families were captured in the study area with a total of 623 trap days produced 113 independent photos of mammals. The species of mammals consist of Javan leopard (Panthera pardus melas), Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), Common palm-civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), Small indian-civet (Viverricula indica), Javan gold-spotted mongoose (Hervestes javanicus), Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjac), Long-tiled macaque (Macaca fascicularis), Javan porcupine (Hystrix javanicus), Wild boar (Sus scrofa), and Malayan field rat (Rattus tiomanicus). The results obtained are evidence that restoring ecosystems is important not only for social and economic aspects but ecology for wildlife. The data gathered in this study will provide an important basis for future research and conservation management, and also provide support for biodiversity monitoring.Sejak tahun 2008, Conservation International Indonesia (CI Indonesia) bersama Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango (TNGGP) mengembangkan program pemulihan ekosistem di area perluasan taman nasional. Lebih dari 120.000 dari 8 jenis pohon jenis asli taman nasional telah ditanam di luasan 300 hektar. Kini kondisi area telah menjadi hutan kembali dan menyediakan berbagai jasa ekosistem termasuk menjadi habitat satwa liar. Studi pendahuluan tentang keanekaragaman jenis burung dan mamalia di area restorasi dilakukan selama 2 bulan yaitu dari bulan April hingga Mei 2018 di Resot Nagrak TNGGP. Survei burung menggunakan metode point count, sedangkan mamalia dengan menggunakan camera trap. Hasil menunjukkan sebanyak 33 jenis burung dari 22 famili dengan jumlah total tercatat 1.881 individu. Terdeteksi 10 jenis mamalia dari 7 famili di area penelitian dengan total 623 hari rekam dan menghasilkan 113 foto independen mamalia. Jenis  mamalia tersebut yaitu Macan tutul jawa (Panthera pardus melas), Kucing hutan (Prionailurus bengalensis), Musang luwak (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), Musang rase (Viverricula indica), Garangan jawa (Hervestes javanicus), Kijang (Muntiacus muntjac), Monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis), Landak jawa (Hystrix javanicus), Babi hutan (Sus scrofa), dan Tikus belukar (Rattus tiomanicus). Hasil yang diperoleh menjadi bukti bahwa memulihkan ekosistem penting tidak hanya dalam aspek sosial dan ekonomi namun juga ekologi bagi satwa liar. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini akan memberikan dasar penting untuk penelitian masa depan dan manajemen konservasi, dan juga menyediakan dukungan untuk pemantauan keanekaragaman hayati

Cryptic mammals caught on camera: assessing the utility of range wide camera trap data for conserving the endangered Asian tapir

The loss and fragmentation of substantial areas of forest habitat, in combination with rampant hunting, has pushed many of Southeast Asia's megafauna species to the verge of extinction. However, the extent of these declines is rarely quantified, thereby weakening lessons learned and species-based management. This need not be the case as a proliferation of camera trap surveys for large-bodied mammals across Southeast Asia, which use a standardized sampling technique, presents a rich yet under-utilized wildlife data set. Furthermore, advances in statistical techniques for assessing species distribution provide new opportunities for conducting comparative regional analyses. Here, we focus on one of Southeast Asia's least known species of megafauna, the Endangered Asian tapir (Tapirus indicus), to investigate the performance of a camera trap-based spatial modeling approach in conducting a range-wide species assessment. Detection data were collectively collated from 52,904 trap days and 1,128 camera traps located across 19 study areas drawn from the Asian tapir's entire range. Considerable variation in tapir occurrence was found between study areas in: Malaysia (0.52–0.77); Sumatra, Indonesia (0.12–0.90); Thailand (0.00–0.65); and, Myanmar (0.00–0.26), with generally good levels of estimate precision. Although tapirs were widespread (recorded in 17 of the 19 study areas), their occurrence was significantly and negatively correlated with human disturbance. Thus, this study extends the previously known applicability of camera traps to include a threatened and cryptic species by identifying where and how tapirs persist (including new records of occurrence), where future surveys should be conducted and providing a benchmark for measuring future conservation management efforts

X Chromosome Contribution to the Genetic Architecture of Primary Biliary Cholangitis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Genome-wide association studies in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) have failed to find X chromosome (chrX) variants associated with the disease. Here, we specifically explore the chrX contribution to PBC, a sexually dimorphic complex autoimmune disease. METHODS: We performed a chrX-wide association study, including genotype data from 5 genome-wide association studies (from Italy, United Kingdom, Canada, China, and Japan; 5244 case patients and 11,875 control individuals). RESULTS: Single-marker association analyses found approximately 100 loci displaying P < 5 × 10(-4), with the most significant being a signal within the OTUD5 gene (rs3027490; P = 4.80 × 10(-6); odds ratio [OR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.028-1.88; Japanese cohort). Although the transethnic meta-analysis evidenced only a suggestive signal (rs2239452, mapping within the PIM2 gene; OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09-1.26; P = 9.93 × 10(-8)), the population-specific meta-analysis showed a genome-wide significant locus in East Asian individuals pointing to the same region (rs7059064, mapping within the GRIPAP1 gene; P = 6.2 × 10(-9); OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.21-1.46). Indeed, rs7059064 tags a unique linkage disequilibrium block including 7 genes: TIMM17B, PQBP1, PIM2, SLC35A2, OTUD5, KCND1, and GRIPAP1, as well as a superenhancer (GH0XJ048933 within OTUD5) targeting all these genes. GH0XJ048933 is also predicted to target FOXP3, the main T-regulatory cell lineage specification factor. Consistently, OTUD5 and FOXP3 RNA levels were up-regulated in PBC case patients (1.75- and 1.64-fold, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This work represents the first comprehensive study, to our knowledge, of the chrX contribution to the genetics of an autoimmune liver disease and shows a novel PBC-related genome-wide significant locus.The article is available via Open Access. Click on the 'Additional link' above to access the full-text.Published version, accepted versio