Automatic rule verification for digital building permits

Dissertação de mestrado em Modelação de Informação na Construção de Edifícios BIM A+O sector da construção está a enfrentar grandes mudanças nas exigências do cliente e do mercado, empurrando para a transformação digital e para uma indústria orientada para os dados. Os governos tomaram parte ativa nesta mudança, apoiando a digitalização de processos como o das licenças de construção, introduzindo a utilização de modelos de informação de construção (BIM). A investigação sobre a digitalização do licenciamento municipal de construções mostrou grandes avanços no que diz respeito à extração de regras de forma interpretável e à automatização de verificações; contudo, a conciliação entre as definições semânticas do modelo de construção e os conceitos definidos nos regulamentos está ainda em discussão. Além disso, a validação da acuidade das informações incluídas nos modelos de construção relativamente às definições do regulamento é importante para garantir a qualidade ao longo do processo de licença de construção. Esta dissertação visa propor um fluxo de trabalho híbrido para verificar a informação extraída explicitamente do modelo BIM e a informação implicitamente derivada das relações entre elementos, seguindo as disposições contidas nos regulamentos no contexto de Portugal. Com base em alguma revisão de literatura, foi proposto um novo processo, e foi desenvolvido um código Python utilizando a biblioteca IfcOpenshell para apoiar a automatização do processo de verificação, tradicionalmente realizada por técnicos nos gabinetes de licenciamento municipal. Os elementos desenvolvidos neste documento foram comprovados num estudo de caso, demonstrando que a validação híbrida pode ajudar a detetar erros de modelação e melhorar a acuidade da informação durante a apresentação inicial de modelos para um processo de licença de construção. Os resultados indicam que a inclusão de uma validação automática do modelo contra definições regulamentares pode ser introduzida para melhorar o grau de certeza da qualidade da informação contida no Modelo de Informação, além disso, a proposta de métodos que produzem resultados a partir de informação implícita pode alargar as capacidades do esquema IFC. Contudo, os esquemas desenvolvidos neste trabalho estão ainda em constante revisão e desenvolvimento e têm limitações de aplicabilidade em relação a certas classes do IFC.The construction sector is facing major changes in the client and market requirements, pushing towards the digital transformation and a data driven industry. Governments have taken an active part in this change by supporting the digitalization of processes such as the one for building permits by introducing the use of building information models (BIM). The research on the digitalization of the building permit has shown great advancements in regarding the rule extraction in interpretable ways and the automation of the verification; however, the conciliation between the building model semantic definitions and the concepts defined in the regulations is still in discussion. Moreover, the validation of the correctness of the information included in building models regarding the regulation definitions is important to guarantee the quality along the digital building permit process. This dissertation aims to propose a hybrid workflow to check the information extracted explicitly from the BIM model and the information implicitly derived from relationships between elements by following the provisions contained in the regulations in the context of Portugal. Based on some context and literature review, a process reengineering was proposed, and a Python code was developed using the IfcOpenShell library to support the automation of the verification process, traditionally carried out by technicians in the building permit offices. The elements developed in this document were proven in a case-study, demonstrating that the hybrid validation can help to detect modelling errors and improve the certainty of correctness of information during the initial submission of models for a building permit process. The results indicate that the inclusion of an automated validation of the model against regulation definitions can be introduced to improve the degree of certainty of the quality of the information contained in the Building Information Model, moreover the proposal of methods that produce results from implicit information can extend the capabilities of the IFC schema. However, the scripts developed in this work are still under constant review and development and have limitations of applicability in relation to certain IFC classes.Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS

The effect of armed conflict on saving rates: international evidence from 1980 to 2015

The importance of savings rates on economic growth have been well studied among economic literature (Solow, 1956) finding that economies without higher levels of savings present problems when private investment is needed -- Current authors have found the determinants of savings and almost every author agree in variables as disposable income, education level and several other demographic variables (see Grigoli, Herman & Schmidt-Hebbel, 2018 and Doshi, 1994) -- In contrast, sociopolitical variables as measures for political instability and armed conflicts haven’t been included as determinants for savings although these factors should affect the life of individuals and at last their decisions -- According to several authors almost a half of the countries have suffered any kind of armed conflict or civil war in the 20th century (see Blattman & Miguel, 2010), so is feasible that these situations have certain effects over human behavior and their decision -- To test the hypothesis that armed conflicts have a determinant effect over human behavior and savings, a sample of 65 countries for the period between 1980 to 2015 is constructed and fixed effect of conflicts over the saving rates is tested including the traditional determinants of savings as control variables -- The results indicate that the probability of dying, explained in terms of life expectancy and death rate, have a negative effect over the saving rates, the results show that these results are worsened by the appearance of conflic

La convivencia y la paz : una propuesta para la formación en valores y ciudadanía en los niños de la institución educativa Jorge Eliecer Gaitán sede siete de agosto del municipio de Florencia Caquetá

GraficasEste proyecto titulado:” La convivencia y la paz, una propuesta para la formación en valores y ciudadanía en los niños de la Institución Educativa Jorge Eliecer Gaitán Sede Siete de Agosto del municipio de Florencia Caquetá” genero una serie de necesidades a nivel académico, administrativo y locativo comunes a toda organización cuyo objetivo social es la prestación del servicio educativo. Teniendo en cuenta, que en la actualidad las instituciones educativas tienen como prioridad el desarrollo de las competencias cognitivas o metodológicas más que brindar a los niños y niñas en nivel de Pre-escolar, un ambiente de interacción segura, sana y de calidad, que permitan mejorar las posibilidades del desarrollo de su potencial y la formación de la confianza básica como ejes fundamentales del desarrollo Infantil; y tomando como punto de referencia los estudiantes del grado preescolar, de la institución educativa sede 7 de Agosto ya que es ahí donde se inicia el proceso formativo de todo ser humano, siendo esta la edad apropiada para desarrollar su conciencia ética y que se perfecciona con el paso de los años. Por el comportamiento de los y las estudiantes en lo referente a la convivencia, se observó que este no era el adecuado, por lo anterior se hace necesario intervenir esta problemática, creando la necesidad de promover competencias socio-afectivas como herramienta pedagógica en el desarrollo de los procesos educativos y pedagógicos; de acuerdo con lo anterior el objetivo principal de este trabajo es el de construir una propuesta pedagógica que permita una formación en Valores y Ciudadanía a los niño y niñas de la institución educativa en mención Desde este punto de vista este trabajo investigativo planteara como acción pedagógica tres ejes temáticos; abordar el problema de la formación sustentada en el desarrollo de competencias socio-afectivas, generar una metodología que permita analizar e interpretar la información y por último se presentara una propuesta de cambio necesaria y pertinente para que sea desarrollada en el centro educativo como acción de mejora en el aspecto socio-afectivo. Por ultimo mencionar la importancia no solo de plantear la propuesta ante la institución educativa sino trabajar a la par con los padres de familia, teniendo en cuenta que es el hogar el núcleo en donde el niño recibe amor, cariño, afecto, cuidados físicos sobre todo es el centro social único y vital para el aprendizaje de una serie de valores, actitudes, destrezas, habilidades, etc., que luego serán reforzadas en la escuela.This research work is the result of the development of research practices framed within the Specialization in Educational Development of Autonomous Learning through this process it was observed that the educational institution headquartered Jorge Eliecer Gaitan presented Siete de Agosto a series needs academically, administrative and common to any organization whose social objective locative is the provision of educational services. Given that today's educational institutions have prioritized the development of cognitive or methodological skills beyond providing children in Pre-school level, an environment of safe, healthy interaction and quality, allowing improve the chances of developing their potential and the formation of basic trust as cornerstones of child development; and taking as a reference point students from preschool level, the educational institution headquartered August 7 because that's where the learning process of every human being begins, and this is the right age to develop their conscience and that is perfected Over the years. By the behavior of the students in relation to coexistence, it was noted that this was not right, so it is necessary to intervene earlier this problem, creating the need to promote socio-emotional skills as a pedagogical tool in developing educational and pedagogical processes; according to the above, the main objective of this work is to construct a pedagogical proposal that allows formation Citizenship Values and the boy and girls from the school in question. From this point of view this research work as pedagogical action raised three themes; address the problem of training supported by the development of socio-emotional skills, create a methodology to analyze and interpret information and finally a proposal for necessary and appropriate changes be submitted to be developed in the school as improvement action in the socio-emotional aspect. Finally mention the importance not only of putting the proposal to the school but to work hand in hand with parents, considering that the nucleus is the home where the child receives love, love, affection, physical care especially is the unique and vital for learning a set of values, attitudes, skills, abilities, etc., which are then reinforced in school social center. "The greatest treasure of a nation is in the education of its citizens, not the gold and various other possessions to work and austerity. (Anonymous

Rebels or money makers? Decentralization and the colombian armed conflict

This paper assesses the relationship between fiscal decentralization processes and internal armed conflicts. By using the Colombian case, the paper tests the hypothesis that the decentralization process carried out since the late 1980s, empowered the illegal armed groups and therefore increased the conflict in the periphery of the country. In order to test this hypothesis, the research uses data on human rights violations, municipal income, and distance to the department’s capital at the subnational level for the period between 1984 to 2016. The different estimations find a positive and significant relationship between the decentralization process and the Colombian armed conflict in the periphery of the country

Metodología para la localización de un parque de tratamiento y disposición final de residuos sólidos de tipo regional desde una perspectiva multidimensional

El manejo y disposición final de los residuos sólidos en el oriente antioqueño siempre ha sido una preocupación desde CORNARE y los entes territoriales.El artículo presenta los hallazgos de una investigación realizado por el grupo proyecto Ciudad de la facultad de Artes Integradas de la Universidad de San Buenaventura, cofinanciado por CORNARE, cuyo objetivo es presentar la metodología elaborada para la determinación de las áreas potenciales para el asentamiento de un parque de tratamiento y disposición final de residuos sólidos de tipo regional, teniendo como soporte la descripción, caracterización y análisis del ambiente (abiótico, biótico y socioeconómico) en la subregión Valles de San Nicolás. Dicha propuesta se basa en un análisis matricial combinado con una herramienta SIG, que permitió evaluar diferentes sitios desde su viabilidad, ambiental, social, económica y física y entregar tanto a las Administraciones municipales como a la Corporación una estrategia metodológica que, incorporando lo planteado en el decreto 838, permita una toma de decisiones territoriales acertadas

Criminal capital persistence: Evidence from 90,000 inmates’ releases

We study persistence in criminal capital by looking at the effects of inmates’ releaseson crime around prisons in Colombia. Leveraging detailed geographic and temporal information on the universe of releases from all prisons and crime reports, we find that property crimes are 16% higher around prisons on days inmates are released. Inmates specialized in property crimes drive the impacts. Improvements in non-criminal human capital or longer incarceration spells do not mitigate these effects. These results suggest the specific deterrence or rehabilitation effects of incarceration are weak for individuals with higher initial levels of criminal capital. We also document two externalities resulting from incarcerating specialized criminals. First, we find evidence of adverse peer effects. Second, in a back-of-the-envelope estimation, we document that crime incidence due to prison location drops property values and property tax revenues. Our results raise concerns about the usefulness of incarceration in its most widely adopted form

Broken windows policing and crime: Evidence from 80 Colombian cities

We study the effects of broken windows policing on crime using geo-located crime and arrest reports for 80 Colombian cities. Broadly defined, broken windows policing consists of intensifying arrests—sometimes for minor offenses—to deter potential criminals. To estimate causal effects, we build grids of 200 × 200 meters over the urban perimeter of all cities and produce event studies to look at the effects of shocks in police activity in the periods to follow. We use spikes in the number of arrests with no warrant—which are more likely associated with unplanned police presence—as a proxy for shocks in broken windows policing. As expected, we observe an increase in crimes during the shock period, as each arrest implies at least one crime report. In the following periods, crimes decrease both in the place of the arrests and the surroundings. With many treated grids and many places exposed to spillovers, these effects add up. On aggregate, the crime reduction offsets the observed increase during the shock period. Direct effects are more immediate and precise at low crime grids, but beneficial spillovers seem more relevant at crime hot spots. The effects of broken windows policing circumscribe to cities with low or moderate organized crime, consistent with criminal organizations planning their activities more systematically than disorganized criminals

Internet of Things - IoT research trends from a bibliometric analysis

This bibliometric study aims to analyze the scientific literature on information systems and IoT using the Scopus database, which has the largest number of indexed journals, through quantity, quality, and structure bibliometric indicators, to identify the most relevant research actors. Papers were selected that had information systems and IoT in their title. The analyses were performed in Rstusio, VosViewer and Excel. The results are classified by authors, journals, countries of publication, and keywords. With the aim of identifying research trends in the subject. Among the main findings, it is a topic of interest due to the growth in the last few years. The collaborative works are reflected among countries such as the United States, China, United Kingdom, and authors from the same countries dispersing the publications in important journals of Information technologies, such as the IEEE. Additionally, the main topics are related to reducing risks in information systems, logistics systems, health, smart cities, real-time information, and decision making.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Aproximaciones al despojo desde Colombia: Despojo y antropología hoy

Durante la última década el despojo se convirtió en un concepto y en un tema frecuente en las agendas sociales y gubernamentales en Colombia. “Antropologías del despojo en Colombia” es el primero de dos dosieres que estarán dedicados al tema en la Revista Colombiana de Antropología, con el fin de mostrar distintas aproximaciones al despojo, que estén comprometidas con explicar e intervenir en la historia reciente del país. El presente dosier, está precedido por el volumen “Campesinos y ruralidad en Colombia” (RCA 52-1), algunos de cuyos artículos estudiaron la desposesión y los derechos de propiedad de las poblaciones campesinas. Estas publicaciones revelan el creciente interés de los antropólogos en un tema que hasta hace poco no parecía central para la disciplina en el país. Pero tal interés no es exclusivo de la antropología ni de la academia. Por el contrario, existen múltiples debates públicos y políticos en torno al despojo, al aparato institucional y a la movilización social que ha generado. Los artículos de este y el anterior volumen de la RCA también ponen en evidencia la necesidad de profundizar en análisis que traspasen fronteras disciplinares rígidas y que cuestionen distinciones simplistas entre la academia y la política..