JAPAN’S ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS DURING MEIJI AND TAISHO PERIODS: OSHIN

Abstrak: Studi ini didasarkan pada serial TV Oshin yang disiarkan perdana pada 1983. Oshin, tokoh utama, lahir di Jepang pada tahun 1900 pada periode Meiji dan menghabiskan masa remajanya pada periode Taisho. Kebanyakan penelitian mengenai Jepang sebelumnya belum memasukan Oshin dan Face-Threatenig Acts sebagai landasan studi. Disinilah kekurangan yang akan diisi oleh studi ini dimana studi ini akan menunjukan sisi gelap Jepang pada periode Meiji dan Taisho melalui Face-Threatening Acts yang terdapat dalam dorama Oshin. Hasil studi menunjukan bahwa Jepang mengalami masalah kemiskinan pada zaman Meiji serta permasalahan politk pada zaman Taisho. Studi ini menunjukan bahwa Face-Threatening Acts dapat merepresentasikan latar belakang tempat dan waktu dari sebuah cerita.Kata kunci: Oshin, Face-Threatening Acts, periode Meiji, periode Taisho Abstract: This study is based on a Japanese TV series titled Oshin which was firstly aired in 1983. Oshin, the main character, was born in Japan in 1900 during Meiji period and spent her teenagehood in Taisho period. Previous studies examining Japan mostly do not include Oshin and Face Threatening Acts in the methods/materials used. These are the gaps the current study is fulfilling since this study aims to investigate Oshin’s portrayal of Japan, by using Face Threatening Acts theory, which can reveal Japan’s dark history to people outside Japan. Findings show that face threatening acts in the conversations amongst the characters reflect Japan’s poverty in Meiji period. The face threatening acts also reveal the “underground” political movement emerged in Taisho period as well as laborers’ bad working condition. This study shows how face threatening acts in a conversation can reflect the condition of the place and time when the conversation occurs. This study will also open the society’s eyes on what happened in Japan during Meiji and Taisho periods so that more people can learn from the history.Keywords: Oshin, Face-Threatening Acts, Meiji period, Taisho perio

Corrective Feedback Recast Uses in Students’ Uptake in Past Form Expressions

Research studies have shown that recasts are one of the types of corrective feedback frequently used by teachers in second language teaching. However, little is known about the effectiveness of recasts in second language teaching within Indonesian context since most Interactional Approach studies conducted with Indonesian context focus on corrective feedback in general, not particularly on recasts. Moreover, most of these studies do not include past forms as the language feature being studied. The current study investigated the use of recasts in yielding students’ uptake in past forms (Verb type II). 5 participants were involved in the study. Pairing with the examiner, each participant engaged in a jigsaw-task activity where they received recasts. The recast episodes produced by each participant were analyzed and coded into some categories, which were “repair”, “needs-repair : acknowledgement”, “needs-repair : modified”, “needs-repair : unmodified”, and “no uptake”. The result showed that the uptake which was mostly produced by participants was “needs-repair : acknowledgement”. This finding contradicts the one in the previous study which showed that the uptake that was most frequently produced by the participants was “repair”. The finding of this study is expected to trigger further studies to examine students’ perception towards recasts that leads to the ineffectiveness of it.Keywords:  corrective feedback; recast; past forms; speaking skill

Implicature Analysis on English Textbooks for Junior High School: A Comparison Between National and International English Textbooks

Indonesian government provides both national schools and international schools with different English exposures and different language uses that are implemented in the textbooks. Considering the importance of understanding implicature for students, it needs to be investigated what type of textbook has sufficient resources of implicature for students’ learning. Nevertheless, there is a small number of previous researchers that consider comparing textbooks from different types of schools with different curricula in terms of conversational implicature. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the types and analyze the implied meaning of conversational implicature and flouting of Grice’s maxim that is used in When English Rings a Bell for Junior High School and Cambridge Global English for Lower Secondary textbooks, as well as to find the distinctions that are shown in both textbooks in terms of the implicature. This study employed a descriptive qualitative research method with a content analysis approach. This study found that there were 19 conversations from 241 pages collected from When English Rings a Bell and 17 conversations from 152 pages from Cambridge Global English for Lower Secondary which were categorized into GCI and PCI as well as the four maxims (Quality, quantity, relevance, and manner). Therefore, the percentage for the occurrence of conversational implicature and the flouting of the maxim is higher in the international textbook. In conclusion, as the whole comparison, the most noticeable distinction shown in both textbooks is in terms of the way both textbooks provide content of the learning material in the form of conversation. It is also shown the different level of language use in both textbooks that will affect the complexity of the implied meaning in the conversations where the international textbook provides conversations with clearer context and the implied meaning are way more complex

CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON LINGUISTIC IDEOLOGY USED ON BILLBOARDS IN JAKARTA

 ABSTRACTIndonesian language has long been officially determined as the national language of Indonesia. However, numerous texts in mass media embed English in the text being delivered.  Previous studies have shown that English has long been used in Indonesia’s different media and platforms to, one of which, enhance the sense of prestige as well as class of the discourse presented. Though some researchers have conducted studies regarding the surface ideation of advertisements, little is known about the linguistic ideology behind the use of English in those texts, wherein the gap is fulfilled by the present study. This study aimed to analyze the linguistic ideology behind the English used on local billboards, with TACO framework. The findings showed that English is often used on local billboards in plenty of non-normative lexical positioning, unconventional spelling, and preferences in source language over the prescribed Bahasa Indonesia loan words. Study also found different modes of Bahasa Indonesia-English coinage as well as some evidence of disconnect between the Bahasa Indonesia-English use of expressions and the actual sold products. This study believes that these eccentric language pairings between Bahasa Indonesia and English lend themselves into the present ideology of prestige enhancement of the product and service advertised. This ideation is derived from a particular narrative that English is superior towards the national language, Indonesian language. Findings also exhibited that economic and education gaps are two main issues hidden behind the use of English on local billboards

Vocabulary Teaching Strategies Used by Teachers at SMPN 264 Jakarta

This research is a study to describe the strategies used by teachers in teaching vocabulary. This study is important to be conducted because learning vocabulary is basic to raw building blocks that students can use to express their thoughts, and ideas and share information in both oral and written form. Previous studies on this topic have been conducted but none has been conducted at SMPN 264. This is the gap that is fulfilled by the current study. The current study was conducted at SMPN 264 Jakarta Barat. The aim of the study is to find out the strategies used by teachers in teaching vocabulary. This study used a case study on vocabulary teaching strategies as the methodology. The finding shows that the most frequently used strategy by teachers at SMPN 264 Jakarta is translating, while memorization is the least used strategy

Teachers' Use Of Oral Corrective Feedback During Grammar Classes At SMPN 189

Feedback given by the teachers are constantly required for their students to grow and learn. Oral corrective feedback is an essential part of the language development process. The aims of this study are to discover what types of errors that English teachers prefer to provide feedback on, to find out what type of oral corrective feedback is mostly used in the classroom, and to find out teacher's reason of preferred type of oral corrective feedback that is used in the classroom. This study helped the students be aware of their errors during reading classes and helped the teacher discover the appropriate types of oral corrective feedback for their students. This study employed a case study as a method and a qualitative descriptive approach. The most frequent errors made by students were morpho-syntactic errors. Feedback types mostly used in the grammar class were Recast and Elicitation Request. It is suggested that future studies conduct the same research but with written corrective feedback

Teacher’s Use of Written Corrective Feedback for Students’ Writing Errors

Teachers offer corrective feedback to boost students' motivation. The importance of this study is because corrective feedback in education has an important role because students can find out the errors in writing English. Previous studies have examined Written Corrective Feedback in students’ writing. However, none had conducted a study on this topic at the school where the current study was conducted. This is the gap fulfilled by this study. This study aims to find out the types of student errors in English writing at a Junior High School in Jakarta and to find out the types of Written Corrective Feedback that are often used by the teachers there. This study used descriptive qualitative research methods. This study reveals that there are 13 types of errors found in students’ writing, which are singular-plural, word form, word choice, verb tense, adding a word, omitting a word, word order, incomplete sentence, spelling, punctuation, capitalization, article, and meaning not clear. The findings also reveal that Direct Corrective Feedback is the type of feedback that is mostly used by the teachers to correct students’ errors. It is hoped that future studies could elaborate more on the reasons why teachers prefer a particular type of Written Corrective Feedback

Spoken Corrective Feedback in Offline Speaking Lessons at MNC University

This study needs to be conducted because the teacher as a facilitator plays an important role in providing feedback and giving   additional information in the form of an explanation regarding errors in giving verbal motivation. This research aims to fulfill some objectives: 1) To investigate the kinds of corrective feedback that are most frequently utilized by the lecturer at MNC University 2) To analyze the reasons why the lecturer used this type of spoken corrective feedback in speaking classes at MNC University. This research used descriptive qualitative research approach. This study reveals that explicit with metalinguistic feedback was the most used type of feedback found; linearity between the feedback and students’ needs and objectives is the main reason why the lecturer prefers this type of feedback

Japanese Cultural Values in Doraemon: How Face Threatening Acts Reveal the Implicit Culture of Japan

This study is based on a highly popular Manga across Asia, Doraemon. This study aims to find the Face Threatening Acts contained in Doraemon and how these show Japanese cultural values which contradict American values. Previous studies examining Doraemon mostly do not include Face Threatening Acts in the analysis. Furthermore, they also focus more on the explicit culture contained in Doraemon. These are the gaps fulfilled by this study since it aims to examine the implicit culture of Japan using face Threatening Acts contained in Doraemon.  The result of this study shows that ‘filial piety’ is the Japanese cultural value mostly shown in the story. This study could be used as the base for future studies to examine whether or not Japanese implicit culture in Doraemon was truly the cause of Doraemon’s unpopularity in Japan

Positive Politeness Used in the Interviews Conducted by Desi Anwar to Dewi Soekarno and Bill Gates

Interview is a popular means of gathering information in our society. However, there is little research on cross-cultural interviews which has been conducted. This research is a descriptive qualitative study which aims to examine Desi Anwar’s choice of positive politeness strategies in relation to her interviewees’ cultural backgrounds, i.e., Dewi Soekarno (Japanese) and Bill Gates (American). The interviews are transcribed and coded based on the positive politeness strategies used and the cultures of Japanese and American communication styles. The instrument used in analyzing the data is Excel Matrix. Findings show that the interview with Dewi Soekarno (Japanese interviewee) contains more positive politeness strategies than the interview with Bill Gates (American interviewee). The positive politeness strategies used in the interview with Dewi Soekarno are Exaggeration, Repetition, Including Both S and H, and also Compliments. This result is contradictory to Japanese and American communication styles, which Japanese do not prefer positive politeness; while Americans do. This study will shade some light on positive politeness used in cross-cultural interviews involving Japanese and American interviewees. Since both interviewees in this research are from different genders, it would be satisfactory if future research includes this aspect into consideration