Registro de imágenes mediante transformaciones lineales por trozos

Multitud de aplicaciones de la visión artificial necesitan comparar o integrar imágenes de un mismo objeto pero obtenidas en instantes de tiempo diferentes, con distintos dispositivos (cámaras), desde distintas posiciones, bajo distintas condiciones, etc. Estas diferencias en la captura dan lugar a imágenes con importantes diferencias geométricas relativas que impiden que éstas “encajen” con precisión unas sobre otras. El registro elimina estas diferencias geométricas de forma que píxeles situados en las mismas coordenadas se correspondan con el mismo punto del objeto y, por tanto, ambas imágenes se puedan comparar o integrar fácilmente. El registro de imágenes es esencial en disciplinas como la teledetección, radiología, visión robótica, etc.; campos, todos ellos, que superponen imágenes para estudiar fenómenos medio-ambientales, monitorizar tumores cancerígenos o para reconstruir la escena observada. En esta tesis se aborda la problemática asociada a este proceso, se analizan experimentalmente las técnicas de registro no-rígido más representativas. También se estudian diferentes medidas de similitud utilizadas para medir su consistencia y se propone un novedoso procedimiento para mejorar la precisión del registro lineal por trozos y generar reconstrucciones 3D de la escena observada

Detección automática de cambios urbanos a partir de imágenes de satélites

El objetivo de este proyecto es el desarrollo de una aplicación que automatice los procesos necesarios para el estudio de series multi-temporales de imágenes con objeto de detectar cambios urbanos. Los datos proporcionados por esta aplicación deberán ser utilizados por un GIS (Geographic Information System), concretamente, el GIS de la gerencia de urbanismo del Iltmo. Ayuntamiento de Málaga, para determinar la legalidad o ilegalidad de los cambios detectados

Optimizing subject design, timing, and focus in a diversity of engineering courses through the use of a low-cost Arduino shield

This paper describes the design, implementation and evaluation of a novel circuitry that extends the popular Arduino UNO microcontroller board to facilitate multiple educational activities in engineering courses. In particular, the aim of this board, the UMA-AEB, is to minimize the overhead that is usually imposed on the students before they can conduct the actual exercises, yet retain the valuable experiences that could otherwise not be acquired with simulated experiments or inflexible electronic training-benches.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. This work has been supported by the University of Málaga (Spain) through the educational innovation project PIE-15-093 “Innovación en el trabajo en laboratorio de una diversidad de asignaturas de ingeniería mediante el diseño y aplicación de una extensión de la plataforma de hardware abierto Arduino”

The use of microvideos as reinforcement of face-to- face learning in teaching of automatic control basis

Este artículo describe una experiencia de innovación educativa realizada durante el curso 2017/2018 en el Dpto. de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática de la Universidad de Málaga. Esta experiencia ha consistido en el empleo de microvídeos como herramienta de apoyo para el aprendizaje de los conceptos básicos del control automático de sistemas en tiempo continuo por parte de los alumnos de 14 asignaturas de diferentes titulaciones. Por lo general, los alumnos encuentran grandes dificultades en dicho aprendizaje, de ahí que un aspecto clave en esta experiencia haya sido la búsqueda de estrategias para que los materiales elaborados resultaran amenos y atractivos, a la vez que didácticos. Para facilitar, propiciar y analizar el uso de los mismos, se han aprovechado las ventajas que supone su publicación en una plataforma tal como YouTube. El canal www.youtube.com/automaticabasica, en el que se ha incluido el material elaborado, cuenta en la actualidad con 39 microvídeos, 9 listas de reproducción (bloques conceptuales), un total de 564 suscriptores, 55.325 reproducciones y, aproximadamente, 78 días de tiempo acumulado de reproducción. Los resultados obtenidos, aunque son muy preliminares, muestran un impacto positivo en el rendimiento académico de los alumnos que los han utilizado.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Plan de Innovación Educativa de la Universidad de Málaga (convocatoria 2017/2019) bajo la referencia PIE17- 090

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit