Inclusión de microorganismos eficientes en dietas para pollos parrilleros machos de la línea cobb 500

El objetivo fue evaluar la inclusión de microorganismos eficientes (ME) en dietas para pollos parrilleros machos. Para ello, se utilizaron 125 pollos de la línea Cobb 500 de un día de edad, los cuales se distribuyeron en cinco tratamientos, cinco repeticiones y cinco pollos por repetición. Lostratamientos evaluados fueron: T1(dieta control positivo con zinc bacitracina), T2 (dieta control negativo sin zinc bacitracina y sin ME), T3 (dieta control negativo más 5 mL ME/kg de alimento), T4 (dieta control negativo más 10 mL ME/kg de alimento) y T5 (dieta control negativo más 15 mL ME/kg de alimento). Las evaluaciones estadísticas se realizaron utilizando un Diseño Completamente al Azar (DCA) con contrastes ortogonales. Los análisis de varianza fueron procesados con el software estadístico Infostat/Professional v. 2018p. Los resultados indicaron que, la ganancia diaria de peso y conversión alimenticia no fueron influenciados (p>0,05) por la inclusión de ME. Sin embargo, en la fase de producción el consumo diario de alimento si resultó influenciado (p>0,05). Además, el mejor beneficio neto y mérito económico se atribuye a los pollos alimentados con dietas control positivo y negativo. Se concluye que a la inclusión de ME en dietas para pollos parrilleros, no mejora los índices productivos y económicos

Ophthalmic Manifestations of Congenital Zika Syndrome in Colombia and Venezuela

IMPORTANCE The ocular manifestations and sequelae of Zika virus infection are not well known. Recently, the World Health Organization changed the declaration of Zika as a public health emergency and designated the viral outbreak and related microcephaly clusters as a long-term program of work. This change indicates the urgent need to evaluate and document ophthalmic manifestations in patients for timely management of this disease. In addition, confirmation whether the public health problem in Brazil extends to other regions in South America is needed. OBJECTIVE To report the ocular manifestations of congenital Zika syndrome with microcephaly in Colombia and Venezuela. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective case series included 43 patients from 2 ophthalmic centers in Colombia and Venezuela who underwent evaluation from October 1, 2015, through June 30, 2016, and were clinically diagnosed with congenital Zika syndrome. Twenty patients were Hispanic; 13, African; 8, white; and 2, Native American. INTERVENTIONS Ophthalmic and systemic evaluations and serologic testing were performed on all infants. Patients underwent external ocular examination and dilated ophthalmoscopy. Serologic testing ruled out toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, syphilis, and human immunodeficiency virus. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Ophthalmic manifestations of congenital Zika syndrome. RESULTS Of the 43 patients included in this series (28 female and 15 male), the mean (SD) age at examination was 2.1 (1.5) months. The mothers of all the children had no ophthalmic findings and did not report ocular symptoms during pregnancy. All patients had bilateral ophthalmic manifestations. Optic nerve findings included hypoplasia with the double-ring sign, pallor, and increased cup-disc ratio in 5 patients (11.6%). Macular abnormalities included mild to severe pigment mottling in 27 patients (63%) and lacunar maculopathy in 3 (6.9%). Chorioretinal scarring was present in 3 patients (7%). Eleven patients (26%) had a combination of lesions in the posterior pole. Five patients (12%) were diagnosed with congenital glaucoma, characterized by the clinical triad of epiphora, photophobia, and blepharospasm; increased intraocular pressure; corneal clouding at birth; and buphthalmos. These data reveal that 12%(95%CI, 5%-24%) of cases of congenital Zika with microcephaly had anterior segment abnormalities and 88%(95%CI, 76%-94%) had important macular and optic nerve abnormalities. The visual sequelae of these ophthalmic manifestations remain unknown. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Congenital Zika syndrome in the current study had severe ocular abnormalities, and all patients had bilateral involvement. Ocular findings were focal macular pigment mottling, chorioretinal atrophy with a predilection for the macular area, congenital glaucoma and optical nerve hypoplasia, and optic disc abnormalities. Ophthalmic examination is recommended in patients with congenital Zika syndrome

Comparación de los perfiles farmacodinámicos de tres moléculas de remifentanilo en cuanto a su respuesta hemodinámica a las maniobras de laringoscopia e intubación traqueal

ResumenIntroducciónEn Colombia se comercializan diferentes moléculas de remifentanilo que nunca han sido comparadas en un entorno clínico.ObjetivoEl objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el perfil farmacodinámico de la molécula innovadora de remifentanilo (grupo O: Glaxo SmithKline Manufacturing S.P.A.) y 2 moléculas genéricas (grupo A: Laboratorios Chalver de Colombia S.A. y grupo B: Instituto Biológico Contemporáneo, Argentina) registradas en Colombia.MétodosSe llevó a cabo un experimento clínico doble ciego, aleatorizado, controlado. Se comparó la molécula original de remifentanilo (grupo O, n=29) frente a las 2 moléculas genéricas (grupo A, n=29; grupo B, n=32) durante la inducción anestésica e intubación orotraqueal de pacientes adultos ASAI sin predictores de vía aérea difícil. Se evaluaron las dosis 6, 8 y 10ng/ml (TCI, Target Controlled Infusion) con el modelo de Minto. La inducción se complementó con propofol 5μg/ml (TCI) con modelo de Schneider y rocuronio 0,6mg/kg. El desenlace primario se evaluó como las diferencias en la presión arterial media y en la frecuencia cardiaca preintubación (momento en que se alcanza la concentración objetivo en sitio efecto) y postintubación (máximo valor alcanzado en 5min).ResultadosSe observó similitud en el perfil farmacodinámico de las moléculas de remifentanilo estudiadas. Las diferencias en el cambio de frecuencia cardiaca fue de 1,27 (IC95%: –3,11;5,67) con la molécula A y 1,40 (IC95%: –2,65;5,46) con la molécula B frente a la molécula O (latidos/min). Las diferencias en el cambio de presión arterial media fueron de 1 (IC95%: –4,81;6,81) para la molécula A y de 1,82 (IC95%: –4,08;7,74) para la molécula B frente a la molécula O (mmHg). Hubo un caso de hipotensión arterial en cada grupo.ConclusiónLos resultados sugieren que desde un punto de vista farmacodinámico las moléculas innovadora y genéricas de remifentanilo son similares para la laringoscopia/intubación con dosis TCI de 6, 8 y 10ng/ml.AbstractIntroductionSeveral remifentanil products are commercialized in Colombia while these have never been compared in a clinical setting.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacodynamic profile of the branded molecule of remifentanil (group O: Glaxo SmithKline Manufacturing S.P.A.) and two unbranded molecules (group A: Laboratorios Chalver de Colombia S.A. and group B: Instituto Biológico Contemporaneo, Argentina) registered in Colombia.MethodsWe carried out a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. The branded molecule of remifentanil (group O, n=29) was compared with the two unbranded molecules (group A, n=29; group B, n=32) during anesthetic induction and tracheal intubation in adult patients ASAI without predictors for difficult airway. The target controlled infusion (TCI) doses evaluated were 6, 8 and 10ng/ml with the Minto model. Induction was complemented with propofol 5mcg/ml (TCI) with the Schneider model and rocuronium 0.6mg/kg. The primary outcome was defined as the difference in mean arterial pressure and heart rate pre-intubation (TCI equilibrium) and post-intubation (maximum measurement within 5minutes).ResultsA similar pharmacodinamic profile was observed between the studied remifentanil molecules. The differences in the change in heart rate were 1.27 (95% CI: –3.11;5.67) with molecule A and 1.40 (95%CI: –2.65;5.46) with molecule B against molecule O (beats/minute). The differences in the change in mean arterial pressure were 1 (95%CI: –4.81;6.81) for molecule A and 1.82 (95%CI: –4.08;7.74) for molecule B against molecule O (mmHg). There was a case of arterial hypotension in each group.ConclusionThe results suggest that from a pharmacodynamic point of view branded and unbranded remifentanil molecules are similar for laryngoscopy/intubation with TCI doses 6, 8 and 10ng/ml

Wild meat trade over the last 45 years in the Peruvian Amazon

The trade in wild meat is an important economic component of rural people's livelihoods, but it has been perceived to be among the main causes of the decline of wildlife species. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought to light an additional concern of wildlife markets as a major human-health challenge. We analyzed data from the largest longitudinal monitoring (1973–2018) of the most important urban wild-meat markets in Iquitos, Peru, to examine the trends in and impacts of these markets on people's livelihoods. Over the last 45 years, wild meat sales increased at a rate of 6.4 t/year (SD 2.17), paralleling urban population growth. Wild meat sales were highest in 2018 (442 t), contributing US$2.6 million (0.76%) to the regional gross domestic product. Five species of ungulates and rodents accounted for 88.5% of the amount of biomass traded. Vulnerable and Endangered species represented 7.0% and 0.4% of individuals sold, respectively. Despite growth in sales, the contribution of wild meat to overall urban diet was constant: 1–2%/year of total meat consumed. This result was due to greater availability and higher consumption of cheaper meats (e.g., in 2018, poultry was 45.8% cheaper and was the most consumed meat) coupled with the lack of economic incentives to harvest wild meat species in rural areas. Most wild meat was sold salted or smoked, reducing the likelihood of foodborne diseases. Community-based wildlife management plans and the continued trade bans on primates and threatened taxa may avoid biodiversity loss. Considering the recent COVID-19 pandemic, future management plans should include potential viral hosts and regulation and enforcement of hygiene practices in wild-meat markets

New insights into phenotype and genotype relationships in Neospora caninum

The successful isolation of four new Neospora caninum strains from different regions and with different backgrounds (obtained from an abortion storm or congenitally infected and asymptomatic calves) allowed us previously to characterize natural isolates, finding differences in phenotype and microsatellites. Given the variability observed, we wondered in this work whether these differences had consequences in virulence, invasion and vertical transmission using cell cultures and murine neosporosis models. In addition, we performed the genomic analysis and SNP comparative studies of the NcURU isolates. The results obtained in this work allowed us to establish that NcURU isolates are of low virulence and have unique phenotypic characteristics. Likewise, sequencing their genomes has allowed us to delve into the genetic singularities underlying these phenotypes, as well as the common mutated genes. This work opens a new perspective for diagnostic purposes and formulating possible vaccines based on attenuated strains

Comparison of the pharmacokinetic profiles of three molecules of remifentanil in terms of hemodynamic response in laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation maneuvers

Introducción En Colombia se comercializan diferentes moléculas de remifentanilo que nunca han sido comparadas en un entorno clínico. Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el perfil farmacodinámico de la molécula innovadora de remifentanilo (grupo O: Glaxo SmithKline Manufacturing S.P.A.) y 2 moléculas genéricas (grupo A: Laboratorios Chalver de Colombia S.A. y grupo B: Instituto Biológico Contemporáneo, Argentina) registradas en Colombia. Métodos Se llevó a cabo un experimento clínico doble ciego, aleatorizado, controlado. Se comparó la molécula original de remifentanilo (grupo O, n=29) frente a las 2 moléculas genéricas (grupo A, n=29; grupo B, n=32) durante la inducción anestésica e intubación orotraqueal de pacientes adultos ASAI sin predictores de vía aérea difícil. Se evaluaron las dosis 6, 8 y 10ng/ml (TCI, Target Controlled Infusion) con el modelo de Minto. La inducción se complementó con propofol 5μg/ml (TCI) con modelo de Schneider y rocuronio 0,6mg/kg. El desenlace primario se evaluó como las diferencias en la presión arterial media y en la frecuencia cardiaca preintubación (momento en que se alcanza la concentración objetivo en sitio efecto) y postintubación (máximo valor alcanzado en 5min). Resultados Se observó similitud en el perfil farmacodinámico de las moléculas de remifentanilo estudiadas. Las diferencias en el cambio de frecuencia cardiaca fue de 1,27 (IC95%: –3,11;5,67) con la molécula A y 1,40 (IC95%: –2,65;5,46) con la molécula B frente a la molécula O (latidos/min). Las diferencias en el cambio de presión arterial media fueron de 1 (IC95%: –4,81;6,81) para la molécula A y de 1,82 (IC95%: –4,08;7,74) para la molécula B frente a la molécula O (mmHg). Hubo un caso de hipotensión arterial en cada grupo. Conclusión Los resultados sugieren que desde un punto de vista farmacodinámico las moléculas innovadora y genéricas de remifentanilo son similares para la laringoscopia/intubación con dosis TCI de 6, 8 y 10ng/ml.Introduction Several remifentanil products are commercialized in Colombia while these have never been compared in a clinical setting. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacodynamic profile of the branded molecule of remifentanil (group O: Glaxo SmithKline Manufacturing S.P.A.) and two unbranded molecules (group A: Laboratorios Chalver de Colombia S.A. and group B: Instituto Biológico Contemporaneo, Argentina) registered in Colombia. Methods We carried out a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. The branded molecule of remifentanil (group O, n=29) was compared with the two unbranded molecules (group A, n=29; group B, n=32) during anesthetic induction and tracheal intubation in adult patients ASAI without predictors for difficult airway. The target controlled infusion (TCI) doses evaluated were 6, 8 and 10ng/ml with the Minto model. Induction was complemented with propofol 5mcg/ml (TCI) with the Schneider model and rocuronium 0.6mg/kg. The primary outcome was defined as the difference in mean arterial pressure and heart rate pre-intubation (TCI equilibrium) and post-intubation (maximum measurement within 5minutes). Results A similar pharmacodinamic profile was observed between the studied remifentanil molecules. The differences in the change in heart rate were 1.27 (95% CI: –3.11;5.67) with molecule A and 1.40 (95%CI: –2.65;5.46) with molecule B against molecule O (beats/minute). The differences in the change in mean arterial pressure were 1 (95%CI: –4.81;6.81) for molecule A and 1.82 (95%CI: –4.08;7.74) for molecule B against molecule O (mmHg). There was a case of arterial hypotension in each group. Conclusion The results suggest that from a pharmacodynamic point of view branded and unbranded remifentanil molecules are similar for laryngoscopy/intubation with TCI doses 6, 8 and 10ng/ml

Skipper-CCD Sensors for the Oscura Experiment: Requirements and Preliminary Tests

Oscura is a proposed multi-kg skipper-CCD experiment designed for a dark matter (DM) direct detection search that will reach unprecedented sensitivity to sub-GeV DM-electron interactions with its 10 kg detector array. Oscura is planning to operate at SNOLAB with 2070 m overburden, and aims to reach a background goal of less than one event in each electron bin in the 2-10 electron ionization-signal region for the full 30 kg-year exposure, with a radiation background rate of 0.01 dru. In order to achieve this goal, Oscura must address each potential source of background events, including instrumental backgrounds. In this work, we discuss the main instrumental background sources and the strategy to control them, establishing a set of constraints on the sensors' performance parameters. We present results from the tests of the first fabricated Oscura prototype sensors, evaluate their performance in the context of the established constraints and estimate the Oscura instrumental background based on these results

Early Science with the Oscura Integration Test

Oscura is a planned light-dark matter search experiment using Skipper-CCDs with a total active mass of 10 kg. As part of the detector development, the collaboration plans to build the Oscura Integration Test (OIT), an engineering test experiment with 10% of the Oscura's total mass. Here we discuss the early science opportunities with the OIT to search for millicharged particles (mCPs) using the NuMI beam at Fermilab. mCPs would be produced at low energies through photon-mediated processes from decays of scalar, pseudoscalar, and vector mesons, or direct Drell-Yan productions. Estimates show that the OIT would be a world-leading probe for low-mass mCPs.Comment: 21 pages, 13 figure

Characterization of a recent malaria outbreak in the autonomous indigenous region of Guna Yala, Panama

BackgroundThis study aims to describe the epidemiological and entomological factors associated with a recent malaria outbreak that occurred in 2012 in a socially marginalized population from Guna Yala Comarca in Panama.MethodsA descriptive and observational study was conducted by analysing demographic and epidemiological data from all malaria cases registered during 2012 in the Comarca Guna Yala, Panama. Malaria intensity indicators were calculated during the study period. Entomological evaluations were performed monthly, from October to December 2012, in the three communities that presented the most intense malaria transmission during the first semester of 2012. Anopheles breeding habitats were also characterized.ResultsDuring the studied period, 6754 blood smears were examined (17.8 % of the total population), and 143 were confirmed as positive for Plasmodium vivax. A significant increase of malaria transmission risk indicators (API: 3.8/1000, SPR: 2.1 %) was observed in Guna Yula, when compared with previous years, and also in comparison with estimates from the whole country. Anopheles albimanus was the most abundant and widespread (877; 72.0 %) vector species found in the three localities, followed by Anopheles punctimacula (231; 19.0 %) and Anopheles aquasalis (110; 9.0 %). Three An. albimanus pools were positive for P. vivax, showing an overall pooled prevalence estimate of 0.014.ConclusionsData analysis confirmed that during 2012 a malaria epidemic occurred in Guna Yala. Panama. This study provides baseline data on the local epidemiology of malaria in this vulnerable region of Panama. This information will be useful for targeting control strategies by the National Malaria Control Programme