Competencia judicial internacional y acuerdos de sumisión en la contratación electrónica internacional

Este trabajo se ocupa de la determinación de la competencia judicial internacional en los conflictos surgidos en la contratación electrónica de acuerdo con el DIPr. español. Se analiza el ámbito de aplicación del Reglamento 44/2001 y sus relaciones con el Derecho de producción interna, así como el régimen de las cláusulas de sometimiento a arbitraje. El análisis distingue entre los contratos de consumo y el resto. En todos los contratos que no sean de consumo la cláusula de elección de tribunal incluida en un contrato celebrado por medios electrónicos será considerada, por lo general, como eficaz. Si el contrato ha de ser calificado como un contrato de consumo el resultado es la ineficacia de la cláusula en la mayor parte de los supuestos si el consumidor ha de ser calificado como un consumidor pasivo. No resulta fácil, sin embargo, diferenciar entre consumidores activos y pasivos en la contratación electrónica. En el trabajo se opta por mantener que el mero hecho de que el cocontratante del consumidor disponga de una página web accesible desde el Estado del domicilio del consumidor no es suficiente para entender que el consumidor haya de ser considerado como un consumidor pasivo. Las cláusulas compromisorias serán eficaces, salvo que uno de los contratantes sea un consumidor. En estos casos tal cláusula será considerada por los tribunales españoles como contraria al orden público.This article deals with the determination, from a Spanish PIL perspective, of international jurisdiction in conflicts arising out of international contracts. The author analyses the scope of Regulation 44/2000 and the relations of this instrument with Spanish domestic law. Arbitration clauses are also considered. The study distinguishes between consumer contracts and other kind of contracts. Jurisdiction agreements included in non-consumer contracts are valid, but in consumer contracts these jurisdiction agreements will be invalid in most cases if the consumer is a passive one. Establishing whether the consumer must be qualified as passive or active is far from easy. This article holds that the fact that the person who contracts with the consumer has a web site that is accessible from the state of the consumer is not enough to qualify the consumer as passive. Arbitration agreements will be valid, unless one of the parties is a consumer. In these cases Spanish courts would consider the arbitration agreement as running against Spanish public order

La regulación de la responsabilidad precontractual en el Reglamento Roma II

El artículo 12 del Reglamento Roma II incluye una regulación específica de la culpa in contrahendo. De acuerdo con este precepto la responsabilidad derivada de los tratos previos al contrato se regirá por el Derecho rector de éste último y, si no puede determinarse por las mismas conexiones que rigen con carácter general la responsabilidad extracontractual, de acuerdo con la interpretación más adecuada del artículo 12.2 de Roma II. Es posible la elección de ley en materia de culpa in contrahendo. Esta regulación plantea ciertos problemas. No resulta adecuado que la obligación de mantener las negociaciones a partir de determinado momento se rija por el derecho rector del contrato futuro sin que pueda alegarse el derecho de la residencia habitual de cada parte para fundamentar su derecho a abandonar las negociaciones. Igualmente no es adecuado que en los supuestos de negociaciones regidas por un contrato previo sea el Derecho rector del contrato futuro, y no el que gobierna el contrato cuyo objeto son los tratos previos, el que rija la responsabilidad derivada de las negociaciones. Este trabajo analiza estos problemas y las dificultades que plantea la delimitación entre los ámbitos contractual y extracontractual en la culpa in contrahendo, proponiendo alternativas a la regulación existenteArticle 12 of the Rome II Regulation governs the non-contractual obligations arising out of dealings prior to the conclusion of a contract and establishes that the law applicable to these obligations shall be the law that applies to the contract. Where it is not possible to determine such law, the second paragraph of article 12 specifies the general connecting factors of Rome II Regulation. Moreover, it is possible to choose the law applicable in culpa in contrahendo issues. These solutions are nonetheless not problem-free. It seems not quite appropriate that the law applicable to a future contract may govern the specific obligation not to breach negotiations from a given point in time and that parties cannot rely on the law of the country in which any of them have their habitual residence in order to uphold the possibility of breaching negotiations without being held liable. It is neither appropriate that the law applicable to a future contract might govern the liability arising from negotiations which take place in the setting of a concluded agreement. This article explores those problems as well as the difficulties posed by the demarcation between contractual and non-contractual liability in culpa in contrahendo cases, and advocates alternative regulatory proposals

Tools of differential calculus to solve funcional equations

Treballs Finals de Grau de Matemàtiques, Facultat de Matemàtiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Any: 2016, Director: Ernest FontichIn this work we first prove the converse of Taylor’s Theorem. This allows us to prove next the Omega-lemma and the differentiability of the Evaluation map for certain Banach spaces of analytic functions. These two theorems together with the Implicit Function Theorem are applied to certain functional equations in order to prove Poincaré’s Linearization Theorem and the Analytic Stable Manifold Theorem

Arthur Miller’s The Crucible: A Connection between Salem and McCarthyism

The Crucible es la mejor representación de las dos cazas de brujas más relevantes en territorio americano: los juicios de brujas de Salem de 1692 en los que cerca de una veintena de personas murieron en la horca acusadas de brujería, y los acontecimientos relacionados con el macartismo de los años 50 que representan la caza de ciudadanos sospechosos de pertenecer al Partido Comunista. Arthur Miller creó esta obra exitosa que critica los acontecimientos de los años 50 utilizando los sucesos del siglo diecisiete de una manera admirable. Este trabajo intenta analizar ambos acontecimientos históricos y además intenta encontrar el punto de unión para la creación de la obra de Miller, The Crucible, y su adaptación hollywoodiense. Además se mostrará un análisis comparativo de la obra y de la verdadera historia de la brujería en Salem.The Crucible is the most appropriate representation of the two most relevant witch hunts that took place in the American soil: the Salem witch trials of 1692 in which nearly twenty people died in the gallows accused of witchcraft; and the events that took place during McCatrhyism in the 1950s and that represent the persecution of people suspected of belonging to the Communist Party. Arthur Miller wrote a successful work critizicing the events of the 1950s while using the events of the seventeenth century in an admirable way. The aim of this undergraduate dissertation is to analyze both historical events and to try to find the links between Miller’s work, The Crucible, and its Hollywood adaptation. Moreover, a comparative analysis of the work and the real history of witchcraft in Salem will be made.Departamento de Filología InglesaGrado en Estudios Inglese

Recycling coal bottom ash in construction materials: Technical specifications of bottom ash-based sound absorbing porous concrete applied in highway noise barriers

Tesis descargada de TESEOAs industrial waste continue to accumulate, they are becoming a major problem for the environment as well as for public health. In addition, European and Spanish waste legislations are promoting the recycling of industrial waste, following the waste hierarchy, instead of landfill disposal. On the other hand, another environmental problem which is becoming an increasingly significant concern because of its negative impact on human health is noise pollution. The main scope of the thesis research has been to study the recycling opportunities of coal bottom ash from Spanish coal power stations in construction materials. The objective was focused on developing a material with high content of coal bottom ash which comprises the properties required for the specific applications. The argumentative line followed in the development of the present work started from the idea of recycling Spanish coal bottom ash as a majority constituent in construction materials for specific applications, such as Portland cement replacement, coarse aggregates replacement in concrete for fire resistance panels, as part of ceramic materials and bricks, and coarse aggregates replacement in porous concrete production with sound absorbing properties. From the results obtained, bottom ash-based porous concrete for sound absorbing applications has been deeply analysed, enhancing the properties of the final product and describing the technical requirements that could validate its use in highway noise barriers at industrial scale. Besides that, durability and environmental properties have been analysed in order to study the impact of the coal bottom ash-based product on the environment and human health. Finally, in order to completely analyse the use of coal bottom ash as part of porous concrete for its application as sound absorbing porous material in road traffic noise reducing devices, it has been developed a methodology which accurately predicts the acoustic behaviour of the material without having to manufacture large panels and testing them in a reverberation room at an approved laboratory. The objectives pursued have been developed from laboratory to semi-industrial scale, which enables to extrapolate the results ensuring the use of bottom ash-based sound absorbing products in road traffic noise reducing devices

Kernel Multivariate Analysis Framework for Supervised Subspace Learning: A Tutorial on Linear and Kernel Multivariate Methods

Feature extraction and dimensionality reduction are important tasks in many fields of science dealing with signal processing and analysis. The relevance of these techniques is increasing as current sensory devices are developed with ever higher resolution, and problems involving multimodal data sources become more common. A plethora of feature extraction methods are available in the literature collectively grouped under the field of Multivariate Analysis (MVA). This paper provides a uniform treatment of several methods: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Partial Least Squares (PLS), Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) and Orthonormalized PLS (OPLS), as well as their non-linear extensions derived by means of the theory of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. We also review their connections to other methods for classification and statistical dependence estimation, and introduce some recent developments to deal with the extreme cases of large-scale and low-sized problems. To illustrate the wide applicability of these methods in both classification and regression problems, we analyze their performance in a benchmark of publicly available data sets, and pay special attention to specific real applications involving audio processing for music genre prediction and hyperspectral satellite images for Earth and climate monitoring

La aportación relacional al éxito de las alianzas estratégicas internacionales

La globalización está confiriendo una importancia creciente a las relaciones interempresariales. Así, las alianzas han surgido como un elemento fundamental en la estrategia de muchas compañías, por lo que su éxito se ha convertido en una cuestión central. Para ello, entre los socios se desarrolla una relación que sirve de base para la adecuada mezcla de recursos y capacidades. En este trabajo nos centraremos en las relaciones entre los socios y su impacto sobre los resultados. Desarrollamos un modelo, testado con PLS, sobre una muestra de 105 alianzas estratégicas internacionales de empresas españolas. Los resultados confirman en gran medida el modelo propuesto