Bases de análisis e intervención con la minoría gitana en los Servicios Sociales

Cuts in social intervention are never recommended and even less so in basic social services whose duties, claims and benefits received greatly concern the most socially disadvantaged individuals and groups. From the assumption of a constitutive dependence between comprehensive analysis and expert action as a way to incorporate knowledge, I develop a view focused on the excluded Roma minority assuming that, being one of the habitual groups, it will tell us much about usual basic social services, of the possibility of inclusive work and of the forms of intervention needed. Starting from equality and establishing the necessary relationships, I seek to provide the basis for an expert action project bringing us closer to some inescapable social dimensions, such as education, employment and housing.No son recomendables atajos en la intervención social y mucho menos en los Servicios Sociales de base cuyos cometidos, demandas recibidas y prestaciones conciernen sobremanera a las personas y grupos con más desventajas sociales. Desde la hipótesis de dependencia constitutiva entre análisis comprensivo y acción experta, como forma de incorporar el conocimiento, desarrollamos una mirada singularizada sobre la minoría gitana en exclusión, presuponiendo que al ser uno de los colectivos habituales dirá mucho de los Servicios Sociales de base, de sus posibilidades con el trabajo inclusivo y de las formas de intervención necesarias. Partiendo de la igualdad y estableciendo las relaciones necesarias, se intentan aportar las bases para un proyecto de acción experta, acercándonos a algunas de las dimensiones sociales ineludibles, como son la educación, el empleo, y la vivienda

Quality in social inclusion services. An approach from the specific case of Avilés (Asturias)

The prospect of people served has only begun to be seen from recently in Social Services. This paper takes a small step in that direction by exposing the approach, analysis and results of a representative interview about the perceived quality of at the centers of the four areas that make up these community services in Avilés (Asturias). Ratings have been eloquently good to be perceived quality around nine out of ten. You need to place these results in the context of social services, when inequality, the severance of ties and/or social exclusion have demolished social reference plugs and i am just resorting to them; but immediately is also important, as a starting point, weigh the importance of that satisfaction with professionals, services and benefits as this means that minimum standards are maintained to start deepen proceedings with more inclusive efficacy which should be assessed with methods and different categories to display here

¿Usuarios o ciudadanos? Intervención y participación en las políticas y servicios sociales

La contemplación participativa en algunas políticas sociales y sanitarias, contrasta con los limitados avances efectuados en los servicios sociales de inclusión donde acceden las personas más vulnerables. La habitual denominación de “usuario” es mucho más que anecdótica respondiendo a los límites y dificultades para la inserción de los métodos y técnicas habituales. Apoyándonos en un análisis cualitativo mediante entrevistas en profundidad, se propone un giro sociológico comprensivo que contribuya a redimensionar la relación de estos servicios con la sociedad, dando pie a que lo que dicen, hacen y pueden hacer las personas sea un paso hacia la participación. Una observación de la acción social en la intervención que proporcione pistas e indicios para que, al menos en parte, las actuaciones se construyan conjuntamente aportando elementos para la incorporación social, más allá de los espacios de “inserción permanente” en los que ahora están situadas las personas objeto de dichas políticas.There is a contrast between participatory contemplation in some social and health politics, and the limited progresses made in social inclusive services to which the vulnerable groups, with social and cultural disadvantages, have access. The ordinary denomination “users” to these groups is more than anecdotic because it comes as a response to the limits and difficulties on customary methods and techniques. Relying on a qualitative analysis through extensive interviews, a comprehensive sociological twist is proposed with the idea of resituating the relation between this resort and the society, giving rise to what they say, do and can people be a step towards participation. An observation of social action on intervention which provides us clues and indications in order to construct the proceedings together, at least in part, contributing with effective elements for social inclusion beyond spaces of “permanent integration” where there is situated target population of these politics

Un acercamiento sociológico a las formas de acción e intervención social. Acción social y acción social proyectada

La separación de la intervención social de las ciencias sociales y el conocimiento, perjudica también a la sociología que se encuentra ausente de estos procesos específicos. Abordamos aquí la investigación de la intervención intentando radicarla en la acción social desde el análisis sociológico discursivo de diversos sectores significativos en la implementación de las políticas sociales. El análisis empírico cualitativo, al proporcionar comprensiones sobre la acción social en sí, posibilita también inferir las cualidades comprensivas para la intervención social. Empero, para acrecentar sus probabilidades inclusivas, debería superar su carácter paliativo asegurando una orientación sociológica en su materialización activa.; The separation of inclusive social intervention from Social Sciences and from Knowledge is prejudicial to Sociology, which is absent on those specific processes. Here we tackle the research about social intervention from a discursive and sociological analysis of different sectors and significant groups in the implementation of Social Politics. The empirical qualitative analysis provides us the understanding of social intervention itself, and also makes possible inferring the comprehensive qualities for social intervention. Nevertheless, in order to increase its inclusive probabilities, it should overcome her palliative character, thus ensuring a sociological orientation in its start-up

Cambio social e iniciativas de las personas mayores: pasos hacia un nuevo rol social

Until not too many years ago, and even today, a certain compassionate paternalism or even a very slightly dissimulated rejection was our society’s reaction towards the elderly. Without doubt, the lack of an overall recognised social role to play in our society seems to have something to do with that limited social status. In this article, based on research recording the qualitative perspective via discussion groups, the aim is to show how the elderly are, and have been for some years now, trying to change that situation of social devaluation in which they find themselves. By observing key areas, such as family and non-domestic activities, we can see attempts to improve their social position via irregular strategies aimed at others and towards themselves; in which material and symbolic actions are concerned in order to achieve greater social recognition, consideration (on a personal and broader scale) and self-esteem as a vital stage and generation. It is an attempt by the elderly to revert the current situation and change from being an object social group to a subject social group.Hasta hace no muchos años, y aún hoy, un cierto paternalismo compasivo cuando no un rechazo apenas disimulado, estaba instalado en nuestra sociedad hacia las personas mayores. Sin duda, la ausencia de un rol social global reconocido que jugar en nuestra sociedad parece tener que ver con ese estatus social disminuido. En este artículo, a partir de una investigación inscrita en la perspectiva cualitativa mediante grupos de discusión, se intenta demostrar cómo laspersonas mayores desde hace ya algunos años intentan cambiar esa situación de devaluación social en la que se encuentran. Mediante la observación de ámbitos clave, como la familia, y las actividades extradomésticas, son perceptibles intentos para mejorar su posición social, mediante desiguales estrategias dirigidas hacia los otros y hacia sí mismos; en las que están concernidas acciones materiales y simbólicas con el fin de conseguir más reconocimiento social, consideración (cercana y amplia) y autoestima como generación y etapa vital. Es un intento de la vejez para revertir la situación actual y pasar de ser un grupo social objeto a un grupo social sujeto

Bioethics in Critical Care Patients

Intensive care unit is a special medial environment for many reasons (the severity of the patients, the important technological advances). In recent years, the medicine has changed to a more focused practice on the patient, leaving behind the paternalistic medical approach, with a transparent new relationship with the patient and his family. The ethical principles-autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice-and the possibility of conflicts between them make decision-making very complex. The admission of these patients in our unit is justified based on a triangle-acute, severe, and recoverable disease-trying to optimize their treatment. Unfavorable later evolution is possible; a palliative management can often be considered, changing the patient’s approach from the cure of his illness to the relief of his symptoms. Decisions about patient’s future must be jointly made by the health care team, the patient and his family. We must look for documents about previous instructions and/or opinion of a substitute decision-maker. We must humanize our units, thinking about the best care for the sick person and his family, and improve the support to the family after his death. Therefore, the development of practice guidelines on palliative care should be promoted by the hospitals

Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Advanced Heart Failure: Predictors of Response and Optimization of Therapy

Heart failure affects a high percentage of the population, especially older patients. Cardiac resynchronization therapy is indicated in some patients with advanced heart failure. However, 20–40% of patients with implanted resynchronization device have no clinical response. In this chapter, we review factors related with the absence of a clinical response, recent technological advances that can reduce the failure rate, and an algorithm for management of patients without a clinical response

Current Status of Colonization and Infection by Multiresistant Bacteria in the Spanish Intensive Care Unit: Resistance Zero Program

Current medicine, highly technified, and capable of amazing achievements, is not possible without the support of antibiotics. The problem of antibiotic resistance is almost as old as the antibiotics themselves. But at present, it is a serious threat to public health. We have to fight against antibiotic resistance in the hospital and in the out-of-hospital environment. The Resistance Zero program, promoted by the Spanish Society of Intensive Medicine, has achieved through a multidisciplinary approach with collaboration between doctors, nurses, cleaning staff and microbiologists, to control the colonization and infection by multiresistant germs in the environment of the Intensive Care Unit