Family Integration, Not Segregation: Project S.P.A.R.C.A. for L.I.F.E. (Special Play and Recreation Center for Leisure in Family Experience)

Integration, not segregation is an important element to prescriptively helping families with disabling condition. Principles and procedures utilized in a program are outlined in an effort to illustrate the positive outcomes of better integration. Cooperation among leisure service providers is the key element to the success of these types of programs

Prospective Memory and Age-Related Impairment

Research on age-related changes in prospective memory has yielded mixed research results. Some research has shown no age-related impairments, while other research has shown age-related impairments. The present study investigated variables affecting these different findings in prospective memory research. Subjects between the ages of 18-92 were asked to identify pictures presented to them. The prospective memory task required subjects to identify individuals wearing glasses and to indicate this by circling the number on their answer sheet corresponding to the picture being presented. Order of instructions presented to subjects was also manipulated. Half of the subjects received the prospective memory instructions before the retrospective instructions while the other half of the subjects received the retrospective memory instructions before the prospective instructions. Results indicated that order of instructions had no impact on prospective memory performance. The findings did show an age effect for age-related declines in prospective memory. Prospective memory performance for subjects over the age of 55 years old was lower than that of college aged students. Implications for future research are discussed

Gendered livelihood outcomes from woodlots in Mufindi District, Tanzania

A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOKOINE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE. MOROGORO, TANZANIA.Woodlot farming has potential of improving livelihood of both women and men. However, little is known on the extent to which woodlot benefits the livelihood of women and men in Mufindi District. The study was conducted to examine gendered livelihood outcomes from woodlots. The specific objectives were to describe roles played by women and men in woodlot farming, to assess factors affecting women and men woodlot ownership, to analyze and compare woodlot livelihood outcomes of women and men with and without woodlots. The study was conducted in Mufindi District and adopted a cross-sectional research design, involving 120 respondents. Slightly more than half (53.3%) of respondents were woodlots owners and 46.7% were non-woodlots owners. Descriptive statistical analyses were used to compute women and men roles in woodlot farming, factors affecting women and men woodlot ownership and to establish livelihood outcomes in woodlot farming. Binary logistic regression was used to establish the factors affecting woodlot ownership. T-test and Chi-square tests were used to compare the livelihoods outcomes. Land ownership was found to be a major factor affecting woodlots ownership. Binary logistic regression revealed that total land acreage was a key predictor of woodlot ownership (P < 0.05). Gender distribution of roles revealed that men dominated land preparation, thinning, pruning, harvesting, transportation and price negotiation while women dominated in seed preparation and weeding. Woodlots owners had better livelihood outcomes (higher income, more asset and better housing conditions) compared to their counterparts non woodlot owners. The T-test and Chi- square tests revealed that there is significant difference in livelihood outcomes of women and men with and without woodlot (P < 0.05). The study recommends that individuals and community to acquire land through purchasing parcels of lands and or leasing land. Village Assembly and Village Council should distribute village land to villagers at reasonable cost. Also individuals, community, governmental and non-governmental organisations should increase efforts to sensitize and promote women involvement in performing woodlot farming activities by creating awareness through gender sensitizations programmes that target both women and men with emphasize on women involvement in woodlot farming and promote individuals and community to engage in woodlot related activities like timber and poles selling for better livelihood outcomes through investing in woodlot farming

Gendered livelihood outcomes from woodlots in Mufindi District, Tanzania

A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOKOINE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE. MOROGORO, TANZANIA.Woodlot farming has potential of improving livelihood of both women and men. However, little is known on the extent to which woodlot benefits the livelihood of women and men in Mufindi District. The study was conducted to examine gendered livelihood outcomes from woodlots. The specific objectives were to describe roles played by women and men in woodlot farming, to assess factors affecting women and men woodlot ownership, to analyze and compare woodlot livelihood outcomes of women and men with and without woodlots. The study was conducted in Mufindi District and adopted a cross-sectional research design, involving 120 respondents. Slightly more than half (53.3%) of respondents were woodlots owners and 46.7% were non-woodlots owners. Descriptive statistical analyses were used to compute women and men roles in woodlot farming, factors affecting women and men woodlot ownership and to establish livelihood outcomes in woodlot farming. Binary logistic regression was used to establish the factors affecting woodlot ownership. T-test and Chi-square tests were used to compare the livelihoods outcomes. Land ownership was found to be a major factor affecting woodlots ownership. Binary logistic regression revealed that total land acreage was a key predictor of woodlot ownership (P < 0.05). Gender distribution of roles revealed that men dominated land preparation, thinning, pruning, harvesting, transportation and price negotiation while women dominated in seed preparation and weeding. Woodlots owners had better livelihood outcomes (higher income, more asset and better housing conditions) compared to their counterparts non woodlot owners. The T-test and Chi- square tests revealed that there is significant difference in livelihood outcomes of women and men with and without woodlot (P < 0.05). The study recommends that individuals and community to acquire land through purchasing parcels of lands and or leasing land. Village Assembly and Village Council should distribute village land to villagers at reasonable cost. Also individuals, community, governmental and non-governmental organisations should increase efforts to sensitize and promote women involvement in performing woodlot farming activities by creating awareness through gender sensitizations programmes that target both women and men with emphasize on women involvement in woodlot farming and promote individuals and community to engage in woodlot related activities like timber and poles selling for better livelihood outcomes through investing in woodlot farming

Gendered livelihood outcomes from woodlots in Mufindi District, Tanzania

A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOKOINE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE. MOROGORO, TANZANIA.Woodlot farming has potential of improving livelihood of both women and men. However, little is known on the extent to which woodlot benefits the livelihood of women and men in Mufindi District. The study was conducted to examine gendered livelihood outcomes from woodlots. The specific objectives were to describe roles played by women and men in woodlot farming, to assess factors affecting women and men woodlot ownership, to analyze and compare woodlot livelihood outcomes of women and men with and without woodlots. The study was conducted in Mufindi District and adopted a cross-sectional research design, involving 120 respondents. Slightly more than half (53.3%) of respondents were woodlots owners and 46.7% were non-woodlots owners. Descriptive statistical analyses were used to compute women and men roles in woodlot farming, factors affecting women and men woodlot ownership and to establish livelihood outcomes in woodlot farming. Binary logistic regression was used to establish the factors affecting woodlot ownership. T-test and Chi-square tests were used to compare the livelihoods outcomes. Land ownership was found to be a major factor affecting woodlots ownership. Binary logistic regression revealed that total land acreage was a key predictor of woodlot ownership (P < 0.05). Gender distribution of roles revealed that men dominated land preparation, thinning, pruning, harvesting, transportation and price negotiation while women dominated in seed preparation and weeding. Woodlots owners had better livelihood outcomes (higher income, more asset and better housing conditions) compared to their counterparts non woodlot owners. The T-test and Chi- square tests revealed that there is significant difference in livelihood outcomes of women and men with and without woodlot (P < 0.05). The study recommends that individuals and community to acquire land through purchasing parcels of lands and or leasing land. Village Assembly and Village Council should distribute village land to villagers at reasonable cost. Also individuals, community, governmental and non-governmental organisations should increase efforts to sensitize and promote women involvement in performing woodlot farming activities by creating awareness through gender sensitizations programmes that target both women and men with emphasize on women involvement in woodlot farming and promote individuals and community to engage in woodlot related activities like timber and poles selling for better livelihood outcomes through investing in woodlot farming

A-05 Gender differences in veterans referred for neuropsychological evaluation in an outpatient neuropsychology consultation service

Abstract Objective Women represent a growing population within the VA Healthcare System about which little is known from a neuropsychological perspective. The present study explored sex differences in veterans presenting for neuropsychological evaluation to delineate trends in demographics, referral questions, effort, and outcome diagnoses. Method A database derived from an outpatient neuropsychology clinic at a VA medical center spanning 2013 to 2019 was analyzed (n = 232 women/2642 men). Initial analyses explored demographic features of the full sample. Further analyses separated the sample into younger (n = 836 men, 155 women) and older adult (n = 1805 men, 77 women). Results Groups differed in age (t(1,2872) = 10.41, p &lt; .001) and education (t(1,2830) = 6.68, p &lt; .001). Men were older, less educated, and had greater vascular risk factors. In the younger group, men were more often referred for TBI (X2(1,1) = 7.27, p &lt; .01) and women for multiple sclerosis (X2(1,1) = 13.56, p &lt; .01). In the older group, men performed worse on effort measures (WMT IR: t(1,42.24) = 2.36, p &lt; .05; WMT MC: t(1,327) = 2.57, p &lt; .05; TOMM Trial 2: t(1,199) = 2.17, p &lt; .05). Older women evidenced higher scores on GDS (t(1,43.04) = 2.94, p &lt; .01) and were more commonly diagnosed with depression (X2(1,1) = 12.66, p &lt; .01). Conclusions Sex differences in demographics, medical conditions, referral question, effort, and outcome diagnoses emerged in a large sample of veterans referred for outpatient neuropsychological assessment. These differences point to important diagnostic considerations for neuropsychologists in VA settings. </jats:sec

Gender Differences in Veterans Referred for Neuropsychological Evaluation in an Outpatient Neuropsychology Consultation Service

Abstract Objective The number of women veterans seeking Veterans Health Administration services has substantially increased over the past decade. Neuropsychology remains an understudied area in the examination of gender differences. The present study sought to delineate similarities and differences in men and women veterans presenting for neuropsychological evaluation in terms of demographics, referral, medical conditions, effort, and outcome diagnosis. Method A database collected from an outpatient VA neuropsychology clinic from 2013 to 2019 was analyzed (n = 232 women, 2642 men). Additional analyses examined younger (n = 836 men, 155 women) and older (n = 1805 men, 77 women) age cohorts. Results Women veterans were younger and more educated than men, whereas men had higher prevalence of vascular risk factors. Both groups were most often referred from mental health clinics and memory was the most common referral question. Although men performed worse on performance validity measures, clinicians rated women as evidencing poorer effort on a cumulative rating based on formal and embedded performance validity measures, behavioral observations, and inconsistent test patterns. Older women reported more depressive symptoms than older men and were more commonly diagnosed with depression. Conclusions This exploratory study fills a gap in the understanding of gender differences in veterans presenting for neuropsychological evaluations. Findings emphasize consideration for the intersection of gender with demographics, medical factors, effort, and psychological symptoms by VA neuropsychologists. A better understanding of relationships between gender and these factors may inform neuropsychologists’ test selection, interpretation of behavioral observations, and diagnostic considerations to best treat women veterans. </jats:sec