A new system for catalytic asymmetric epoxidation

This thesis discusses the field of asymmetric synthesis of oxiranes. An introduction highlighting the most successful methods for the synthesis of chiral epoxides including the latest advances in these areas, with particular attention paid to the organocatalytic techniques is presented in chapter one. The second chapter begins by summarizing the group's previous efforts in the initial stage of this project and sets the motif for this work. These include: the synthesis of enantiopure dihyroisoquinolinium salts with a chiral residue attached to the exocyclic carbon-nitrogen bond as catalysts for asymmetric epoxidation; utilizing systems such as camphor and natural amino acids as starting points for these syntheses; developing other catalyst families in order to delve into the possibility of eliminating the structural weaknesses leading to loss of enantioselectivity in the oxygen transfer process; attempts to probe the reactive intermediates responsible for the asymmetric induction by analytical techniques; checking for catalyst applicability with different alkene and sulphide substrates; the development of anhydrous reaction conditions and their testing with the successful catalysts prepared. Enantiomeric excesses of up to 70% have been obtained. An attempt at exploring the synthesis of chiral reagents for the asymmetric epoxidation via a Payne/peroxyacid route is also described. This chapter concludes with a comparison of the catalyst families generated, and presents a few suggestions for future research in this area. The third chapter is dedicated to, the experimental section and includes the methods of synthesis and characterization of the compounds in the results and discussion chapter. There are three appendices at the. end of the thesis; Appendix A contains a summary the X-ray reports regarding the crystallographic data of the compound structures presented in chapter two. Appendix B contains samples of the analytical spectra of the enantiomeric excess determination for epoxides. Appendix C includes a copy of both publications I was involved in during my research in this topic

Medicinal chemistry and the Bachelor of Pharmacy curriculum: Assessment of student’s perspectives, needs and barriers

Purpose: To identify students’ perspectives, needs and barriers faced when studying medicinal chemistry (MC).Methods: A validated questionnaire was designed to explore pharmacy students understanding of MC courses and their learning outcomes as it relates to the pharmacy degree, as well as identify the barriers leading to their under-performance in examinations. All fourth year MC students were asked to answer the questionnaire. Data was entered into SPSS and analyzed.Results: One hundred and forty-nine students (97 female and 52 males) in the age range of 20 - 23years old completed the questionnaire. A majority of the students (66 %) agreed that MC is an important  topic, while 52.7 % indicated that it meets the objectives stated. Just over a quarter of the students (26.2 %) chose to pursue a career or a postgraduate study related to MC. Students who perceived MC as a ‘dry’ topic (40.3%) with course objectives/learning outcomes being unclear had negative perceptions regarding MC being an important topic for the pharmacy profession. Conclusion: Although pharmacy students believe that MC is an important  topic for the pharmacy profession, many feel that the current courses  provided do not meet its main objective. Despite all barriers revealed in this study regarding students studying MC, a good number of students look forward to pursuing a career/ postgraduate study related to MC.Keywords: Medicinal chemistry, Pharmacy education, Undergraduate education, Educational barrier

Influence of mycorrhizal fungi and biochar on nitrogen use efficiency correlated with yield and yield components of wheat

Mycorrhizal symbiosis increases mineral nutrient uptake, especially when nitrogen applies to the fields together with biochar. To evaluate the influence of the biochar application and different levels of nitrogen on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), yield and yield components of wheat associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) A factorial experiment with in randomized complete block design with four replications was implemented for two years (2016-2018). The experimental factors included nitrogen at four levels (urea source with 46% nitrogen) 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N/ha, Rhizophagus Irregularis inoculum at two levels (without and with application), and biochar at three levels 0, 4 and 8 ton/ha. The results demonstrated that plant inoculated with mycorrhiza inoculum combined with 4 ton/ha of biochar showed a significant increase in, root colonization (8%). The application of will be This study proves that application of 100 kg N/ha with an amount of 4 ton/ha of biochar and AMF inoculationhas a useful and effective role in the enhancement of growth and yieldof wheat

Uncertain Supply Chain Management Application of grey-based DEMATEL technique in designing of the aggregate green supply chain management's model

Nowadays, environmental issues are considered as the most important factor for competition. In this era, just modern companies can compete with each other and any environment friendly firm plays essential role in gaining more market share. Besides, the 21 st century is the era of modern steel and Iranian iron steel industry plays important role in the domestic and international trade only through emphasizing on protection of environment. Therefore, designing a model for strengthening the environmental performance in steel industries is necessary to get some advantages such as energy saving, reducing pollutants, eliminating (declining) of waste, creating value for customers and improving the productivity. In this research, first, we explain green supply chain management and then grey-based DEMATEL Technique is used to identify different factors influencing the green supply chain. Eventually, the green supply chain model (GSCM) is applied for the steel industry. The result determines the most prominence factors of GSCM in Yazd Steel Industry

Fractional Mathematical modeling for production planning - with fuzzy approach (Case study: Khavar-E-Miane Furniture Co)

Nowadays the most important issues considered by the managers of industry is production planning and in this area, managers are faced with several goals that in many cases are in conflict with each other. Operations research techniques, with modeling, while the existing constraints consider, optimize organizational goals. Objectives of all these techniques are raising productivity in the organization. Mathematical model for this research that is made for production planning in Khavar-E-Miane Furniture Co is multiple Objective fractional programming. One of the difficulties in solving the multiple Objective fractional problems is computational problem that arise of variability, in the example Chames and Cooper and Gillmore and Gomory methods there. Hence this research was used fuzzy approach to solve multiple Objective fractional mathematical model of Khavar- E-Miane Furniture Company. Thereby also overcome the computational problems of variability in the previous methods, the relevant officials will be able to optimize their production systems. In this context the first phase, Pal's method was used that using fuzzy goal programming was solved the multiple Objective fractional mathematical model. More using Dutta fuzzy method was determined that the result using both methods is identical and membership functions are equal to =0.701 and //2 =1. It should be noted that other companies also changed slightly in the proposed mathematical model will be able to optimize the production planning

Assessing Pediculosis infection and cofactors among 8-10-year-old Female students in Bushehr province, Iran

Introduction: Lice are widespread at a global scale and afflict all socioeconomic classes. Despite advanced healthcare, head lice are particularly prevalent among elementary school female students. Thus, the present research aims to explore pediculosis infection and its cofactors among 8-10-year-old female students in Jam County, Bushehr province, Iran, in 2019. Methodology: The present descriptive research was analytical in type. The research population comprised female elementary school students in Jam County, selected through multi-stage randomization. The final sample selected consisted of 854 participants. The data collection instruments were a questionnaire and an optic test of all students at school. SPSS 22 was used to statistically analyze the data via Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The significance level was set at <0.05. Findings: The mean age of the participating students was 9.5 years. The prevalence of head lice among this sample was 15.4% and was higher in urban areas than the rural. Statistically significant correlations were found between lice infection and variables including father’s occupation and education, mother’s occupation and education and having a bathroom at home (p<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of lice in the present research showed to be higher that a body of related literature. Thus, it is essential to make preventive interventions to diagnose, treat and control pediculosis and consider the infection-related cofactors of lice infection in healthcare centers

Organocatalysis of asymmetric epoxidation mediated by iminium salts under nonaqueous conditions

The first nonaqueous conditions are described for catalytic asymmetric epoxidation mediated by iminium salt organocatalysts, providing ee values of up to 67%

New organocatalysts for the asymmetric catalytic epoxidation of alkenes mediated by chiral iminium salts

New iminium salt organocatalysts for catalytic asymmetric epoxidation based upon dibenzazepinium salts are reported, providing ee of up to ca 60%