BIENES Y SERVICIOS ECOSISTÉMICOS, Y SU PERCEPCIÓN SOCIAL EN LA RESERVA FORESTAL EL MONTUOSO

Land rent for extensive animal breeding and subsistence agriculture constitute their main income of the inhabitants; nevertheless, “El Montuoso” conserves the more important fragments of native forests in the province of Herrera. The study has identified the main ecosystem goods and services of the Reserve, as well as the social perception of these services by the inhabitants of the Reserve and its neighborhood area. The inhabitants of the Reserve recognize the contributions of the forest remnants to the family economy of the local communities; although some of them, such as those due to inter-agency interaction, stay unnoticed. The results highlight the recognition made by most of “El Montuoso” inhabitants about the importance of conservation of the Reserve to assure the ecosystem goods and services that they provide, mainly their biological diversity, the water supply, the opportunities offered for ecotourism. However, they present conflicting opinions because the conservation of these values does not allow them to improve their life quality.La renta de tierras para ganadería extensiva y la agricultura de subsistencia, constituyen los principales ingresos de los habitantes; pese a ello, El Montuoso conserva los fragmentos de bosques nativos más importantes en la provincia de Herrera. El estudio ha permitido identificar los principales bienes y servicios ecosistémicos de la Reserva, así como la percepción social de estos servicios por los habitantes de la misma y de su zona de vecindad. Los pobladores de El Montuoso reconocen los aportes de los remanentes del bosque, a la economía familiar; aunque algunos de ellos, como los relativos a la interacción ecosistémica entre los organismos, pasan inadvertidos. Los resultados destacan el reconocimiento que hacen la mayoría de los habitantes de El Montuoso, sobre la importancia de conservar la Reserva, por los bienes y servicios ecosistémicos que les brinda, como son: la provisión de productos maderables y no maderables del bosque, el suministro de agua y las oportunidades que ofrece para el ecoturismo. Pero a su vez, presentan opiniones encontradas debido a que en su mayoría perciben que la conservación de estos valores no les permite mejorar sus medios de vida, por lo cual manifiestan frustración

BIENES Y SERVICIOS ECOSISTÉMICOS, Y SU PERCEPCIÓN SOCIAL EN LA RESERVA FORESTAL EL MONTUOSO

Land rent for extensive animal breeding and subsistence agriculture constitute their main income of the inhabitants; nevertheless, “El Montuoso” conserves the more important fragments of native forests in the province of Herrera. The study has identified the main ecosystem goods and services of the Reserve, as well as the social perception of these services by the inhabitants of the Reserve and its neighborhood area. The inhabitants of the Reserve recognize the contributions of the forest remnants to the family economy of the local communities; although some of them, such as those due to inter-agency interaction, stay unnoticed. The results highlight the recognition made by most of “El Montuoso” inhabitants about the importance of conservation of the Reserve to assure the ecosystem goods and services that they provide, mainly their biological diversity, the water supply, the opportunities offered for ecotourism. However, they present conflicting opinions because the conservation of these values does not allow them to improve their life quality.La renta de tierras para ganadería extensiva y la agricultura de subsistencia, constituyen los principales ingresos de los habitantes; pese a ello, El Montuoso conserva los fragmentos de bosques nativos más importantes en la provincia de Herrera. El estudio ha permitido identificar los principales bienes y servicios ecosistémicos de la Reserva, así como la percepción social de estos servicios por los habitantes de la misma y de su zona de vecindad. Los pobladores de El Montuoso reconocen los aportes de los remanentes del bosque, a la economía familiar; aunque algunos de ellos, como los relativos a la interacción ecosistémica entre los organismos, pasan inadvertidos. Los resultados destacan el reconocimiento que hacen la mayoría de los habitantes de El Montuoso, sobre la importancia de conservar la Reserva, por los bienes y servicios ecosistémicos que les brinda, como son: la provisión de productos maderables y no maderables del bosque, el suministro de agua y las oportunidades que ofrece para el ecoturismo. Pero a su vez, presentan opiniones encontradas debido a que en su mayoría perciben que la conservación de estos valores no les permite mejorar sus medios de vida, por lo cual manifiestan frustración

Bienes y servicios ecosistémicos, y su percepción social en la Reserva Forestal el Montuoso

La renta de tierras para ganadería extensiva y la agricultura de subsistencia, constituyen los principales ingresos de los habitantes; pese a ello, El Montuoso conserva los fragmentos de bosques nativos más importantes en la provincia de Herrera. El estudio ha permitido identificar los principales bienes y servicios ecosistémicos de la Reserva, así como la percepción social de estos servicios por los habitantes de la misma y de su zona de vecindad. Los pobladores de El Montuoso reconocen los aportes de los remanentes del bosque, a la economía familiar; aunque algunos de ellos, como los relativos a la interacción ecosistémica entre los organismos, pasan inadvertidos. Los resultados destacan el reconocimiento que hacen la mayoría de los habitantes de El Montuoso, sobre la importancia de conservar la Reserva, por los bienes y servicios ecosistémicos que les brinda, como son: la provisión de productos maderables y no maderables del bosque, el suministro de agua y las oportunidades que ofrece para el ecoturismo. Pero a su vez, presentan opiniones encontradas debido a que en su mayoría perciben que la conservación de estos valores no les permite mejorar sus medios de vida, por lo cual manifiestan frustració

Estimativa da ploidia de bananeira pela avaliação da turgescência foliar com wiltmeter®.

A duplicação cromossômica de diploides permite produzir plantas autotetraploides férteis que ao se cruzarem com diploides melhorados geram triploides secundários, podendo, assim, introduzir resistência a pragas e outras características desejáveis nos híbridos gerados (SILVA et al., 2011). No entanto, em trabalhos dessa natureza, há geração de grande número de plantas com diferentes ploidias, tendo necessidade de identificar rapidamente os autotetraplóides a serem mantidos, com o descarte das plantas com as demais ploidias. Para isso, faz-se necessário o uso de métodos diretos (contagem de cromossomos e citometria de fluxo) e indiretos (caracterização anatômica, como diâmetro do grão de pólen, número e tamanho de cloroplastídeos, tamanho de células) (SOUZA; QUEIROZ, 2004), para estimar a ploidia das plantas duplicadas

Chemical Fate of Contaminants in the Environment: Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in the Groundwater

Chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) are the most common contaminant found at hazardous waste sites and are the most prevalent contaminants on U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) weapons production sites. Many of the CHCs are either known or suspected carcinogens and thus pose health risks to the public and/or site workers. Unlike simple hydrocarbons, CHCs are resistant to biodegradation, but can degrade by abiotic processes such as hydrolysis, nucleophilic substitution, and dehydrochlorination. Unfortunately, few studies of the reactions of chlorinated hydrocarbons have been reported in literature, and disagreement still exists about the mechanisms and rates of many of the key reactions. In this work, we modeled the reactions involved in the degradation of CHCs in the groundwater. The goals of the research proposed are: • development of a computational approach that will allow reaction pathways and rate constants to be accurately calculated • development of more approximate approaches, evaluated against the more accurate approach, which will lay the groundwork for exploratory studies of more complex CHCs • application of these approaches to study the degradation pathways of CHCs in aqueous liquids • application of the more approximate approaches to study the mechanism of forming complex CHC polychlorinated benzene compounds and dioxins. We examined elementary reactions involved in the aqueous-phase chemistry of chlorinated methanes and ethylenes in an attempt to obtain a detailed understanding of the abiotic processes involved in the degradation of this important class of contaminants. We began by studying the reactions of CHnCl(4-n) and C2HnCl(4-n) with OH¯, as these are thought to be the dominant processes involved in the degradation of these chlorinated species. We used state-of-the-art theoretical techniques to model the elementary reactions of CHCs important in the groundwater. We employed high-accuracy electronic structure methods (e.g., perturbation theory and coupled cluster methods with correlation-consistent basis sets) to determine the energies of the various stable species, intermediates, and transition states involved in the elementary reactions of CHCs. Effects of solvation on the reaction energetics were studied by including small numbers of solvent molecules (microsolvation). Our own N-layered molecular orbital + molecular mechanics (ONIOM) method was used because it allows the number of solvent molecules to be increased, and hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methods and continuum solvation models were used to estimate the effects of bulk solvation. Rate constants for the gas-phase, microsolvated, and bulk-phase reactions were computed using variational transition state theory (VTST)

Maternal Perception of Child Weight Among Mexicans in California and Mexico

The prevalence of childhood overweight is high in Mexican immigrant communities in the United States. Understanding mother’s perceptions of child weight in immigrants’ country of origin may help to understand this high prevalence. The goal of this study was to examine and compare mothers’ perception of weight in Mexico (MX) and in an immigrant community in California (CA). We assessed perceptions of child weight using a pictorial scale with 314 mothers of 5-year-old children in MX and 60 mothers of 5 year-old-children in CA. We compared maternal reports with children’s objectively measured weight. Using chi-square and Analysis of Variance, we investigated associations of maternal perception of and satisfaction with weight according to socio-demographic characteristics. Mothers were more likely to underestimate their children’s weight in CA than in MX. On average, CA mothers wanted their children to be smaller than they currently were and mothers in MX wanted their children to be bigger than they currently were. This differed by weight status in CA with mothers of normal weight and at-risk-for-overweight children wanting them to be bigger and mothers of overweight children wanting them to be smaller. In order for programs to be effective, mothers must be able to recognize their children as overweight and want to address it. Because underestimation of weight and a desire for a larger size is common in this population, programs to address overweight may be more effective if they focus on alternative benefits of weight control strategies, such as healthy child development

Investigación de fenómenos psicosociales

The book “Investigación de fenómenos psicosociales”. An approach for the encounter with the other is an initiative of some researchers of the Psychology program of the Manizales Regional Center of the Catholic University Luis Amigó, due to the exponential growth of research in phenomena that shape the social reality of our context and the interest of problematizing research as an option of encounter with people and communities, rethinking traditional and extractivist notions in the construction of knowledge. With this initiative, it is evident that the research processes carried out throughout the years of existence of the Psychology program, have been interlocated, accompanied and fed back by academic agents from other institutions, which has significantly nurtured the discussions. In addition, the production presents a common denominator, and that is qualitative research, as a recurrent design in the different studies, becoming a device for the problematization of the text.illustratorEl libro Investigación de fenómenos psicosociales. Una aproximación para el encuentro con el otro es una iniciativa de algunos investigadores del programa de Psicología del Centro Regional Manizales de la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, en virtud del crecimiento exponencial de la investigación en fenómenos que configuran la realidad social de nuestro contexto y el interés de problematizar la investigación como una opción de encuentro con personas y comunidades, replanteando nociones tradicionales y extractivistas en la construcción de conocimiento. Con esta iniciativa se evidencia que los procesos de investigación realizados a través de los años de existencia del programa de Psicología, se han visto interlocutados, acompañados y retroalimentados por agentes académicos de otras instituciones, lo que ha nutrido significativamente las discusiones. Además, la producción presenta un común denominador, y es la investigación cualitativa, como diseño recurrente en los diferentes estudios, convirtiéndose en un dispositivo para la problematización del texto

Does Selective Migration Explain the Hispanic Paradox?: A Comparative Analysis of Mexicans in the U.S. and Mexico

Latino immigrants, particularly Mexican, have some health advantages over U.S.-born Mexicans and Whites. Because of their lower socioeconomic status, this phenomenon has been called the epidemiologic “Hispanic Paradox.” While cultural theories have dominated explanations for the Paradox, the role of selective migration has been inadequately addressed. This study is among the few to combine Mexican and U.S. data to examine health selectivity in activity limitation, self-rated health, and chronic conditions among Mexican immigrants, ages 18 and over. Drawing on theories of selective migration, this study tested the “healthy migrant” and “salmon-bias” hypotheses by comparing the health of Mexican immigrants in the U.S. to non-migrants in Mexico, and to return migrants in Mexico. Results suggest that there are both healthy migrant and salmon-bias effects in activity limitation, but not other health aspects. In fact, consistent with prior research, immigrants are negatively selected on self-rated health. Future research should consider the complexities of migrants’ health profiles and examine selection mechanisms alongside other factors such as acculturation

How pervasive is biotic homogenization in human-modified tropical forest landscapes?

Abstract Land-cover change and ecosystem degradation may lead to biotic homogenization, yet our understanding of this phenomenon over large spatial scales and different biotic groups remains weak. We used a multi-taxa dataset from 335 sites and 36 heterogeneous landscapes in the Brazilian Amazon to examine the potential for landscape-scale processes to modulate the cumulative effects of local disturbances. Biotic homogenization was high in production areas but much less in disturbed and regenerating forests, where high levels of among-site and among-landscape b-diversity appeared to attenuate species loss at larger scales. We found consistently high levels of b-diversity among landscapes for all land cover classes, providing support for landscape-scale divergence in species composition. Our findings support concerns that b-diversity has been underestimated as a driver of biodiversity change and underscore the importance of maintaining a distributed network of reserves, including remaining areas of undisturbed primary forest, but also disturbed and regenerating forests, to conserve regional biota

Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity among Children of Mexican Descent: Results of a Binational Study

The prevalence of childhood obesity is high among young children of Mexican origin in the United States, however, the determinants are poorly understood. We conducted a binational study with a sample from California (CA) and Mexico (MX), to identify and compare the most important factors associated with overweight and obesity among children of Mexican descent. Significantly more children were classified as overweight or obese in CA compared to MX (53.3 vs. 14.9%, P < 0.01). In CA and MX, having an obese mother was significantly associated with being overweight or obese. In MX, male gender, high socioeconomic status and very low food insecurity were associated with being overweight or obese. These data offer hypotheses for how migration may influence the high prevalence of overweight among the Mexican children in California