Consequences of persistent antigen presentation following administration of HIV-1-derived lentiviral vectors

Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are promising tools for in vivo gene delivery, either to correct genetic defects or for vaccination. Intravenous administration of LVs results in stable transduction and expression of the transgene in antigen presenting cells (APCs) from the spleen. Therefore, it was decided to investigate the reasons for and the consequences of sustained antigen expression in these cells after systemic in vivo administration of LVs. Intravenous injection of a LV encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) resulted in transduction of lymphocytes, macrophages and all subsets of dendritic cells (DCs) in the spleen, detected 5 days later. In the case of macrophages and DCs, the percentage of transduced cells increased between 5 and 30 days after injection. The transduction of dividing precursors contributes to the persistence of the transgene-expressing DCs, as shown by BrdU incorporation. Expression of ovalbumin (OVA) resulted in a reduced number of transgeneexpressing cells after 30 days. However, the remaining transduced cells stimulated proliferation and activation of OVA-specific CD8+ T cells up to 3 months after LV administration, in spite of a reduction in the activation status of transduced DCs over time. Mice also maintained cytolytic activity against OVA-pulsed targets following a single immunisation. In conclusion, this thesis shows that LVs can transduce DCs and macrophages, leading to persistent antigen expression. These modified APCs are functional and capable of activating T cells. Therefore, LVs can be used as tools for persistent genetic modification of APCs, opening the opportunity for their use in long-term immunomodulation

On Silence in the Rule of St. Benedict: A Study of Chapter 6: 1-6

This paper is a study of Chapter 6: On Silence in The Rule of St. Benedict. It studies verses 1-6. It briefly includes verses 7 and 8, which reinforce Benedict\u27s value of humility and the exhortation to refrain from useless conversation. This study shows the value of silence as a way to stop all interior and exterior chatter in order to have the chance to listen to God, one’s neighbors and oneself. This study also gives a deeper understanding of the Latin word taciturn Tate which emphasizes a state of being which opens the person for a deeper listening

Dimensiones de la custodia de los bienes de la Iglesia según el c. 1284 § 2

Sumario: Introducción. I. Proteger los bienes para cumplir sus fines. II . Custodiar la titularidad civil de los bienes. III . Cumplimiento de la ley y fidelidad a la voluntad de los donantes. IV . Hacer rendir los bienes al servicio de la misericordia. V. Respetar las obligaciones y generar confianza. VI . Invertir en la misión todos los recursos. VII . La memoria de la acción de la Iglesia. VIII . Transparentar la misión a través de la contabilidad. IX Conservar los documentos como memoria de su identidad. Conclusiones. Bibliografía

Solar Thermal Plants Integration in Smart Grids

Solar energy penetration has been increasingly growing in recent years. Since solar energy is intermittent its integration in existing grids is difficult. This paper deals with the optimal integration of solar power plants in grids. The paper proposes a modification of energy hubs which allows to solve the optimization problem with a mixed integer programming algorithm in a distributed way. An introductory simulation study case is givenMinisterio de Educación DPI2008-05818Junta de Andalucía P07-TEP-02720Comisión Europea HD-MP

Reply To "comment On 'infrared Study Of The Si-h Stretching Band In A-sic:h'" [j. Appl. Phys. 69, 7805 (1991)]

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)We show that the theoretical arguments used in the preceding comment do not apply to our experiments, and that our interpretation of the behavior of the Si-H stretching band in a-SiC:H in terms of structural influences is correct.71840924093BMWFW; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; CAPES; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; CAS; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; CNPq; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; CONACYT; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; DOE; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; DST; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; ESF; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; FAPESP; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; FCT; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; FWF; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; FWO; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; INFN; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; JINR; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; MBIE; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; 20108T4XTM; MIUR; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; MOST; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; NRF; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; NSF; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; NSFC; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; NSTDA; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; RAS; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; RFBR; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; RPF; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; BMBF; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; DAE; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; DFG; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; GSRT; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; NIH; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; OTKA; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; SFI; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; STFC; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; UM; Ministry of Business, Innovation and EmploymentFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Infrared Study Of The Si-h Stretching Band In A-sic:h

Amorphous silicon carbide (a-Si1-xCx:H) samples having x ≤ 0.4 were studied by infrared and visible spectroscopy. Treatment by factor analysis of the 2000-2100 cm-1 absorption band of the spectra allows us to interpret this particular vibrational mode in terms of only two independent contributions. The analysis shows that polarization inductive shifting is not significant. An IR study of the evolution of this band during oxidation of porous samples was also performed. All the experimental evidence indicates that the growth of free volumes induced by the presence of carbon plays the most important role in the behavior of the 2000-2100 cm-1 band upon stoichiometric variations.69117805781

Complex molecules toward low-mass protostars: the Serpens core

Gas-phase complex organic molecules are commonly detected toward high-mass protostellar hot cores. Detections toward low-mass protostars and outflows are comparatively rare, and a larger sample is key to investigate how the chemistry responds to its environment. Guided by the prediction that complex organic molecules form in CH3OH-rich ices and thermally or non-thermally evaporate with CH3OH, we have identified three sight-lines in the Serpens core - SMM1, SMM4 and SMM4-W - which are likely to be rich in complex organics. Using the IRAM 30m telescope, narrow lines (FWHM of 1-2 km s-1) of CH3CHO and CH3OCH3 are detected toward all sources, HCOOCH3 toward SMM1 and SMM4-W, and C2H5OH not at all. Beam-averaged abundances of individual complex organics range between 0.6 and 10% with respect to CH3OH when the CH3OH rotational temperature is applied. The summed complex organic abundances also vary by an order of magnitude, with the richest chemistry toward the most luminous protostar SMM1. The range of abundances compare well with other beam-averaged observations of low-mass sources. Complex organic abundances are of the same order of magnitude toward low-mass protostars and high-mass hot cores, but HCOOCH3 is relatively more important toward low-mass protostars. This is consistent with a sequential ice photochemistry, dominated by CHO-containing products at low temperatures and early times.Comment: 20 pages, including 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap