Estudi de la població de Spiraea crenata subsp. parvifolia (Rosaceae) del Collsacabra

Spiraea crenata subsp. parvifolia és un tàxon endèmic del nord-est ibèric, que té una de les escasses poblacions conegudes al Collsacabra, Osona. En aquest treball es pretén definir l’extensió d’aquesta població, caracteritzar la seva estructura demogràfica i avaluar-ne l’estat de conservació. La majoria d’individus censats viuen en un nucli principal rodejat per nuclis més petits. L’estabilitat de l’ambient que ocupa permet valorar l’evolució de la població i la categoria UICN d’amenaça, actualment considerada «en perill ». Es proposen mesures de gestió que permetin la conservació d’aquesta població

From Refugees to Workers: Mapping Labour-Market Integration Support Measures for Asylum Seekers and Refugees in EU Member States - Volume II: Literature Review and Country Case Studies

This study intends to provide a better understanding of the challenges with regard to the integration of refugees into the labour-markets. What are the strategies and practices implemented in different EU Member States to facilitate access to employment? What do we know about their effectiveness? What are good practices and lessons learned in different countries? The study includes detailed case studies for the following nine EU Member States: Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The research points to the need for increased coordination at all levels, the conditions for successful public-private partnerships, and the adequate sequence of work integration and language learning, for example. Not least, it makes clear that finding effective ways to bring refugees to work will prove key for Europe's future.It has been produced by the Migration Policy Centre (MPC) at the European University Institute in Florence.Search also for: Volume I of the report "Comparative Analysis and Policy Findings"

From refugees to workers : mapping labour market integration support measures for asylum-seekers and refugees in EU member states. Volume II : Literature review and country case studies

The study sets out to provide a better understanding of the emerging challenges in policy targeting the labour-market integration of refugees. What are the strategies and practices implemented in different EU Member States to facilitate access into employment? What do we know about their effectiveness? What are good practices and lessons learned in different countries? The study is based on nine detailed country case studies of the following EU Member States: Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. It has been produced by the Migration Policy Centre (MPC) at the European University Institute in Florence.This study has been funded by Bertelsmann Stiftung and produced by the Migration Policy Centre at the EUI

From Refugees to Workers : Mapping Labour-Market Integration Support Measures for Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Eu Member States - Volume I: Comparative Analysis and Policy Findings

This study intends to provide a better understanding of the challenges with regard to the integration of refugees into the labour-markets. What are the strategies and practices implemented in different EU Member States to facilitate access to employment? What do we know about their effectiveness? What are good practices and lessons learned in different countries? The study includes detailed case studies for the following nine EU Member States: Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The research points to the need for increased coordination at all levels, the conditions for successful public-private partnerships, and the adequate sequence of work integration and language learning, for example. Not least, it makes clear that finding effective ways to bring refugees to work will prove key for Europe's future.It has been produced by the Migration Policy Centre (MPC) at the European University Institute in Florence.Search also for: Volume II "Literature Review and Country Case Studies"

Independent and joined association between socioeconomic indicators and pediatric obesity in Spain: the PASOS study

Childhood obesity is a public health problem worldwide. An important determinant of child and adolescent obesity is socioeconomic status (SES). However, the magnitude of the impact of different SES indicators on pediatric obesity on the Spanish population scale is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the association between three SES indicators and obesity in a nationwide, representative sample of Spanish children and adolescents. A total of 2791 boys and girls aged 8 to 16 years old were included. Their weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. SES was assessed using two parent/legal guardian self-reported indicators (educational level -University/non-University- and labor market status -Employed/Unemployed-). As a third SES indicator, the annual mean income per person was obtained from the census section where the participating schools were located (≥12.731€/<12.731€). The prevalence of obesity, severe obesity, and abdominal obesity was 11.5%, 1.4%, and 22.3%, respectively. Logistic regression models showed an inverse association of both education and labor market status with obesity, severe obesity, and abdominal obesity (all p < 0.001). Income was also inversely associated with obesity (p < 0.01) and abdominal obesity (p < 0.001). Finally, the highest composite SES category (University/Employed/≥12.731€ n = 517) showed a robust and inverse association with obesity (OR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.16–0.48), severe obesity (OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05–0.81), and abdominal obesity (OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.23–0.54) in comparison with the lowest composite SES category (Less than University/Unemployed/<12.731€; n = 164). No significant interaction between composite SES categories and age and gender was found. SES is strongly associated with pediatric obesity in Spain.The PASOS study was funded by Fundación PROBITAS (2019) and the Gasol Foundation (2019-2020). Additional funds were received from the Barça Foundation (2019-2020), Banco Santander (2019), IFA (2019-2020), Vienna (2019), and the Fundación Deporte Joven (2019) (no references are applicable). J.A.T., M.G.-G. and C.B. are funding by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the CIBEROBN CB12/03/30038, which are co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund

The working mother-in-law effect on the labour force participation of first and second-generation immigrant women in the UK

First published online: 16 November 2020There are clear differences in labour force participation rates of women of immigrant origins, both first and second generation, across a range of European countries. Many of these differences, particularly for women with low participation rates, are not fully explained in existing studies. I argue that to better understand differences in labour force participation, and the role of 'culture' in shaping them, we need to take account of the context provided by previous generations of women. While mothers may transmit expectations regarding participation directly to their daughters through intergenerational transmission and childhood socialisation, mothers-in-law may also be important in indirectly influencing their daughters-in-law through their sons' behaviours and attitudes. Using the UK large-scale household panel study Understanding Society, the contribution of this paper is to investigate the 'mother-in-law effect' in the UK. I shed light on the extent to which partnered women's participation is affected by the work status of their partner's mother. I find a positive association between a working mother-in-law and female labour force participation, which remains sizeable after accounting for individual-level characteristics. I also show that Pakistani and Bangladeshi women's participation is more sensitive to the work status of their mothers-in-law than that of other groups

Unequal after all? : non-ethnic explanations of ethnic penalties in the labour market

Defence date: 18 December 2017Examining Board: Prof. Hans-Peter Blossfeld, European University Institute (supervisor), Prof. Fabrizio Bernardi, European University Institute; Prof. Héctor Cebolla-Boado, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia; Prof. Lucinda Platt, London School of Economics and Political ScienceThis thesis is a collection of three empirical studies on the impact of social origin on labourmarket outcomes across migration status and ethnic-origin categories. The existence of immigrant and ethnic penalties in the labour market is a recurrent finding. Migration research has, however, drawn little upon social stratification literature, despite sharing common concerns, to explain them. In this thesis, I seek to contribute to bridging the gap between the two disciplines. I pose two overall hypotheses: (i) compositional differences in social background across ethnic-minority groups and natives are likely to explain an important part of labour market penalties; and (ii) the strength of the effect of social origin on destination and its mechanisms of transmission might differ across groups. These hypotheses are tested by first using log-multiplicative layer effect models followed by different specifications of multivariate analyses based on data from Understanding Society. The findings show that: (i) class overrides ethnicity in explaining intergenerational mobility, although the strength of the OD association differs by ethnic origin and gender; (ii) labour-force participation is a gendered process with significant differences across migration status and ethnic origin, which are partly explained by the work status of the mother-in-law transmitted through partner/spouse’s characteristics; (iii) employment penalties are explained to a large extent by parental work status, education, and age, with variation in the strength of the effect of the last two factors across ethnic origin; and (iv) some groups experience more difficulties than natives with similar class backgrounds in employment as well as access to (and stable placement in) the salariat, although education exerts a compensatory effect. I conclude by arguing that future research should investigate further within-group explanations by deepening in the role of different mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of social (dis)advantage at different levels of the labour market

Paro y temporalidad de los inmigrantes que llegaron a España durante la infancia

Este artículo aborda la integración laboral de los inmigrantes que llegaron a España con menos de 13 años (conocidos como la generación 1.5) y analiza su probabilidad de estar en el paro y de tener un contrato temporal. Los resultados muestran que los inmigrantes de ambos sexos procedentes de América Latina, Europa del Este y África se encuentran en una peor situación que los españoles. Esta brecha se acentúa en las cohortes de entrada al mercado laboral más recientes, pero es inexistente en la más antigua. Las diferencias desaparecen al controlar distintos factores, salvo en determinados casos. Mientras que los africanos siguen con mayor riesgo de desempleo, los europeos del Este y los asiáticos aventajan a los autóctonos, estos últimos incluso en términos de temporalidad.

La generación 1.5 de inmigrantes en España: ¿La crisis de empleo les ha afectado igual que a la primera generación?

This article focuses on the 1.5 generation immigrants in Spain, i.e. those who arrived at age 12 or earlier. Using data from the Spanish Labor Force Survey (LFS), we analyze the probability of being unemployed during the economic recession period. Results suggest that the 1.5 generation has a higher risk of being unemployed, although this risk decreases when accounting for sociodemographic characteristics. As time in the labor market increases, 1.5 generation immigrants manage to reverse their initial disadvantage with respect to the first generation, and close the gap with natives. Results indicate that, compared to first generation immigrants, the 1.5 generation group requires more time to find a job, although they compensate for this initial employment disadvantage by securing better positions. Thus, unlike the first generation immigrants, they have greater returns to years in the labor market, which also result in higher employment protection.Este artículo se centra en los inmigrantes de generación 1.5, es decir, aquellos que emigraron con 12 años o menos. Usando datos de la EPA, analizamos la probabilidad de estar desempleado durante la reciente crisis económica. Los análisis indican que los 1.5 tienen un mayor riesgo de no trabajar en comparación con el resto de inmigrantes y autóctonos, aunque la brecha queda parcialmente explicada por algunas características socio-demográficas. Lo importante radica en que, conforme transcurre el tiempo, logran invertir su desventaja con respecto a la primera generación e igualarse con los españoles. Los resultados apuntan a que los 1.5 tardan más tiempo en comenzar a trabajar, pero lo compensan consiguiendo buenos empleos. Esta estrategia resulta en que la antigüedad laboral vaya acompañada de una mayor protección, rendimiento del que la primera generación se ve privada