Plan de comunicación para el barrio de Ruzafa (Valencia)

Treball Final de Grau en Publicitat i Relacions Públiques. Codi: PU0932. Curs: 2015/2016The present communication plan aims to be able to know the importance of a well-managed brand, as a key tool for the achievement of communicational success in a territory. In order to achieve this we will proceed to analyze the current situation of the territorial brand of the emerging Valencian neighborhood; Ruzafa, determining its most favorable and unfavorable factors. In front of this analysis we propose an exclusive model of communication which is adjustable to the needs of the territorial brand. The purpose is to deepen in the interest that this district awakens for both Valencian natives and tourists visiting the city, in order to maximize this territorial advantage through various communicative actions previously studied.El presente plan de comunicación tiene como objetivo conocer la importancia de la marca bien gestionada como herramienta clave para el logro del éxito comunicacional en un territorio. Para ello se procederá a analizar la situación actual de la marca territorio del barrio emergente valenciano: Ruzafa. Se determinará sus factores más favorables y desfavorables a día de hoy. Frente a este análisis se propone un modelo de comunicación exclusivo y ajustable a las necesidades de la marca territorio. La finalidad es profundizar en el interés que despierta este barrio tanto para valencianos como turistas de la ciudad, de forma que se potencie al máximo esta ventaja territorial mediante diversas acciones comunicativas previamente estudiadas

Valorización del biogás mediante el proceso de metanación biológica del CO2

Como resultado del proceso de digestión anaerobia (DA) se obtiene un biogás con una composición de aproximadamente un 50-75% de CH4 y un 25-45% de CO2. Sin embargo, este biogás debe ser sometido a un tratamiento para alcanzar un contenido superior al 90% de CH4 e inferior al 2% de CO2 para su inyección en la red nacional o para su uso como biocombustible. Actualmente, las tecnologías de valorización del biogás que más se emplean son las basadas en los procesos fisicoquímicos de absorción, adsorción, separación por membranas y separación criogénica,; que a pesar de obtener altos porcentajes de CH4 (superior al 95%), presentan inconvenientes como la emisión de CO2 a la atmósfera, la pérdida del contenido de CH4, así como un gasto energético elevado. Una alternativa a estos tratamientos es el proceso de metanación biológica del CO2, la cual se basa en el empleo de microorganismos autótrofos que utilizan el CO2 como fuente de carbono y el H2 exógeno como fuente de energía para su conversión a CH4, según la ecuación de Sabatier. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo ofrecer una visión general de conceptos y estudios relacionados con la biometanación y describir los principales parámetros de operación del proceso como: la relación H2:CO2, temperatura, pH, presión de operación, contenido de nutrientes, coeficiente de transferencia, etc. Asimismo se presentan las ventajas y desventajas de los distintos modos de operación (ex situ, in situ, híbrido). Finalmente se establece una propuesta de experimentación para evaluar el proceso de metanación biológica del biogás en modo in situ a partir de la digestión anaerobia de lodos de depuradora. En este ensayo se pretende analizar el efecto del aumento de la carga orgánica, acompañado de un incremento de la presión de operación, en la transferencia de H2 de la fase gaseosa a la líquida para aumentar el porcentaje de conversión de CO2 y también sobre el propio proceso de degradación del sustrato.Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología del Medio AmbienteMáster en Ingeniería Ambienta

Validation of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire (Pidaq) in Spanish adolescents

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of PIDAQ for application in adolescents. Study Design: The questionnaire was translated, cross-culturally adapted and completed by 627 adolescents (366 12-year-olds and 261 15-year-olds). The adolescents were also examined by 4 examiners who had been calibrated against a gold standard and relative to each other (Kappa >0.85) in determining treatment need with the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) DHC and AC components. Results: Cronbach´s alpha of the translated PIDAQ was 0.90. The 23 items of the questionnaire were divided into four domains that explained 60% of the variance. The test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was 0.93. Discriminant validity revealed a significant association between the scores for the questionnaire and its subscales or domains and those for the DAI, IOTN-DHC and IOTN-AC treatment need indices. Adolescents with orthodontic treatment need scored higher in the questionnaires. Conclusions: The results show that the Spanish version of PIDAQ has a very similar internal structure and psychometric properties to those of the original questionnaire and demonstrate its validity for use with Spanish adolescents

Antibacterial Properties of Nanoparticles in Dental Restorative Materials. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background and Objectives: Nanotechnology has become a significant area of research focused mainly on increasing the antibacterial and mechanical properties of dental materials. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine and quantitatively analyze the current evidence for the addition of different nanoparticles into dental restorative materials, to determine whether their incorporation increases the antibacterial/antimicrobial properties of the materials. Materials and Methods: A literature search was performed in the Pubmed, Scopus, and Embase databases, up to December 2018, following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Results: A total of 624 papers were identified in the initial search. After screening the texts and applying inclusion criteria, only 11 of these were selected for quantitative analysis. The incorporation of nanoparticles led to a significant increase (p-value < 0.01) in the antibacterial capacity of all the dental materials synthesized in comparison with control materials. Conclusions: The incorporation of nanoparticles into dental restorative materials was a favorable option; the antibacterial activity of nanoparticle-modified dental materials was significantly higher compared with the original unmodified materials, TiO2 nanoparticles providing the greatest benefits. However, the high heterogeneity among the articles reviewed points to the need for further research and the application of standardized research protocols

Psychosocial impact of malocclusion in Spanish adolescents

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychosocial impact of malocclusion, determine its relationship with the severity of malocclusion, and assess the influence of gender and social class on this relationship in adolescents. METHODS: A random sample of 627 Spanish adolescents aged 12 - 15 years underwent intraoral examinations by 3 calibrated examiners (intraexaminer and interexaminer kappa > 0.85) at their schools. Psychosocial impact was measured through a self-rated Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ). The severity of malocclusion was measured by the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Gender and social class were also recorded. RESULTS: The total PIDAQ score and those of its 4 subscales, social impact, psychological impact, aesthetic concern, and dental self-confidence, presented significant differences (p ≤ 0.05 by analysis of variance) and linear relationships with the IOTN grades (p ≤ 0.05 by linear regression). Stepwise linear regression models showed that the IOTN dental health component was a predictive variable of the total and subscale PIDAQ scores. Neither gender nor social class was an independent predictive variable of this relationship, except the linear model for psychological impact, where gender was a predictive variable. The occlusal conditions responsible for higher PIDAQ scores were increased overjet, impeded eruption, tooth displacement, and increased overbite. CONCLUSIONS: Malocclusion has a psychological impact in adolescents and this impact increases with the severity of malocclusion. Social class may not influence this association, but the psychological impact seems to be greater among girls

Relationship between perception of malocclusion and the psychological impact of dental aesthetics in university students

Introduction and Objectives: The objectives were to assess the relationship between perceived smile aesthetics and perceived psychological impact as measured by the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ), and their own perception of it using the Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN-AC) and a Visual Analog Scale (VAS); relate the IOTN-AC and VAS to the PIDAQ; and study the predictive capacity of the scales for psychological impact. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 447 college students in Spain and Portugal (average age 20.4 years, 33.1% men and 66.9% women). The online self-completed surveys used the recently-validated Spanish and Portuguese versions of the PIDAQ to assess the self-reported psychological impact of the students' dental aesthetics and IOTN-AC and an ad hoc 100 mm VAS for their perception of their dental aesthetics. Results: PIDAQ was linearly correlated with IOTN AC and VAS. Pearson's coefficient was 0.55 for PIDAQ and IOTN-AC (CI 95% 0.48-0.61) and -0.72 for PIDAQ and VAS (CI 95% -0.66 - -0.76). VAS and IOTN-AC were predictive variables in a linear regression model of the total PIDAQ score. The VAS diagnosed individuals whose dental aesthetics had a self-perceived psychological impact (area under the curve 0.827, CI 95% 0.787-0.868) more precisely than the IOTN-AC (area under the curve 0.742, CI 95% 0. 696-0.788). Conclusions: In adults patients, there is a significant linear relationship between perceived smile aesthetics and self-perceived psychological impact

Orthodontic treatment need in a Spanish young adult population

Objectives: Orthodontic treatment need has often been assessed in child populations, but few studies employing internationally-recognized indices have been conducted in adult or young adult populations. The aim of this study was to determine the orthodontic treatment need of a young adult population in Spain by means of the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and the need perceived by the patients. Study design: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in a broad, representative sample of 671 adults aged between 35 and 44 years using health centers in the Valencia Region of Spain, following the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). Results: Orthodontic treatment was required by 31.3% of the sample according to the DAI and 19.2% according to the IOTN (DHC). The orthodontic treatment need perceived by the patients was 21.1%. On relating treatment need to different variables, significant differences in patient perception were encountered by gender, as women perceived a greater need (23.9%) than men (14.4%). Significant differences in previous orthodontic treatment history were found between middle/high (15%) and low (9%) social class and between secondary/tertiary (14%) and primary (3.3%) education. Conclusions: There was no agreement between the treatment need assessed objectively by the indices and that perceived by the patient, or between the indices themselves. The decision to undergo orthodontic treatment can depend on socioeconomic and psychological factors and on values and principles that do not easily lend themselves to objective measurement. Key words:Orthodontics, epidemiology, adult, malocclusion

A Comparative Study of the Validity and Reproducibility of Mesiodistal Tooth Size and Dental Arch with iTeroTM Intraoral Scanner and the Traditional Method

Introduction: The introduction of intraoral scanning offers an alternative for measuring mesiodistal tooth sizes