Incidencia de la infraestructura sobre la satisfacción de los clientes y vendedores en la Empresa Municipal Mercado de Productores Agrícolas San Pedro de Riobamba (EMMPA)

Research presented as objective, proposing a plan for improvement of the infrastructure of the Municipal Market of Agricultural Producers San Pedro de Riobamba (EMMPA), detecting the main problem market infrastructure affects the satisfaction of customers and vendors, demonstrating the following hypothesis: the market infrastructure of agricultural producers San Pedro de Riobamba affects customer satisfaction and sellers. To design the plan a baseline from the requirements for markets as Ecuadorian Technical Standard Ecuadorian Institute of Standardization (NTE INEN 2687: 2013) rose and the percentage of compliance with the requirements determined, then an instrument was developed which allowed to measure customer satisfaction and sellers, depending on the infrastructure for marketing of products obtaining reliability by alpha Cronbach, the Exploratory Factor Analysis (AFE) (KMO = 0.881) was developed in order to determine the construct validity. It was found that there is a close relationship between the seller significant / producer and seller / producer EMMPA for marketing their products (r = 0.812, p <0.05) constructs infrastructure satisfaction.La investigación presentó como objetivo, el proponer un plan de mejoras de la infraestructura de la Empresa Municipal Mercado de Productores Agrícolas San Pedro de Riobamba (EMMPA), detectando el principal problema que la infraestructura del mercado incide en la satisfacción de los clientes y vendedores, demostrando la siguiente hipótesis: La infraestructura del mercado de productores agrícolas San Pedro de Riobamba incide en la satisfacción de los clientes y vendedores. Para el diseño del plan se levantó una línea base a partir de los requisitos para mercados según la Norma Técnica Ecuatoriana del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Normalización (NTE INEN 2687:2013) y se determinó el porcentaje de cumplimiento de los requerimientos, luego se elaboró un instrumento el cual permitió medir satisfacción de clientes y vendedores, en función de la infraestructura para la comercialización de los productos obteniendo la fiabilidad mediante el alpha de crombach, se elaboró el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) (KMO =0.881) con el objeto de determinar la validez del constructo. Se halló que existe una estrecha relación significativa entre los constructos infraestructura vendedor/productor y satisfacción vendedor/productor de la EMMPA para la comercialización de sus productos (r=0.812, p < 0.05)

Comparative study of three beverages formulated with jicame (Smallanthus sonchifolius)

Se formularon tres bebidas combinando jícama con piña, babaco y maracuyá con el objeto de proporcionar un valor agregado al uso tradicional de la jícama y posteriormente evaluar la calidad nutritiva de las mismas, para esto se realizaron los análisis físico químicos y microbiológicos determinándose pH, °Brix, acidez titulable, proteína, azucares totales, coliformes totales, aerobios mesófilos.  Se utilizó un DCA y se aplicó la prueba estadística de Tukey con un niel de significancia p≤0,05 , encontrándose que las propiedades nutricionales del jugo de jícama con maracuyá presentaron mejores resultados por su valor nutritivo  11,50 °Brix, 3,82 pH, 13,19% acidez total, 0,54 % de proteína, 0,78 % cenizas y 38,62 %  azucares totales  Las tres formulaciones presentaron bajas cargas microbiológicas para mesófilos y coliformes que no superan los límites máximos permitidos por las normas INEN NTE 2337 para Jugos, pulpas, concentrados, néctares, bebidas de frutas y vegetales. Three drinks were formulated combining jicama with pineapple, babaco and passion fruit in order to provide an added value to the traditional use of the jicama and later evaluate the nutritional quality of the same, for this the physical and chemical microbiological analyzes were performed determining pH, ° Brix, titratable acidity, protein, total sugars, total coliforms, mesophilic aerobes. A DCA was used and Tukey's statistical test was applied with a niel of significance p≤0,05, finding that the nutritional properties of jicama juice with passion fruit showed better results due to its nutritional value 11.50 ° Brix, 3.82 pH, 13.19% total acidity, 0.54% protein, 0.78% ash and 38.62% total sugars The three formulations presented low microbiological loads for mesophiles and coliforms that do not exceed the maximum limits allowed by the INEN standards NTE 2337 for juices, pulps, concentrates, nectars, fruit and vegetable drinks

Determination of a predictive drying model for the apple, produced in central highlands.

Introducción. la determinación de un modelo matemático para predicción del secado de un producto resulta de gran importancia para establecer procesos de industrialización en este caso de la manzana producida en la sierra centro Zona 3. Objetivo. Establecer condiciones de temperatura y tiempo óptimas para el proceso de secado de la manzana. Metodología. Estadísticamente se empleó un diseño completamente al azar con tres temperaturas (45°C, 55°C, y 65°C) y tres repeticiones cada una. En el producto final se realizaron los siguientes ensayos: físico químicos: Brix, acidez, pH, cenizas, humedad, materia seca además de microbiológicos y sensoriales. Resultados. Los mejores resultados fueron 6,30 ° Brix a 65°C, para acidez los mejores resultaros fueron a 55°C con respuestas iguales a 0,62. Para materia seca y pruebas sensoriales la mejor temperatura fue 65°C. Los análisis microbiológicos mostraron ausencia de microorganismos; el análisis económico mostró que el mejor tratamiento fue a 65°C, se pudo entones determinar el ratio de secado en la manzana utilizando el modelo matemático basado en la ecuación Y= a+P1 (b1)+MR (b2) para mejorar la eficiencia en el secado Conclusión. Se concluyó que la temperatura de 65°C presenta mejores resultados en cuanto a masa final posterior al deshidratadoIntroduction. The determination of a mathematical model to predict the drying of a product is of great importance to establish industrialization processes in this case of the apple produced in the central highlands Zone 3. Objective. Establish optimal temperature and time conditions for the apple drying process. Methodology. Statistically, a completely randomized design was used with three temperatures (45 ° C, 55 ° C, and 65 ° C) and three repetitions each. The following tests were carried out on the final product: physical-chemical: Brix, acidity, pH, ash, humidity, dry matter as well as microbiological and sensorial. Results. The best results were 6.30 ° Brix at 65 ° C, for acidity the best results were at 55 ° C with responses equal to 0.62. For dry matter and sensory tests the best temperature was 65 ° C. The microbiological analyzes showed the absence of microorganisms; The economic analysis showed that the best treatment was at 65 ° C, it was then possible to determine the drying ratio in the apple using the mathematical model based on the equation Y = a + P1 (b1) + MR (b2) to improve efficiency in drying. Conclusion. It was concluded that the temperature of 65 ° C presents better results in terms of final mass after dehydratio

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Propuesta de comercialización de conservas de frutas surtidas con vitamina C, para aumentar el sistema inmunológico

Introduction. The pandemic due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has generated a global health crisis and despite the time that has elapsed there is still no drug that has been proven to prevent or cure it, especially in the most serious cases. Some researchers have proposed the use of vitamin C, for its immunoregulatory and antioxidant effect, both as a preventive measure and as an adjunctive treatment against the pandemic. Additionally, the present investigation was carried out to contribute to a current topic and in this way determine the feasibility of these effects and if there is scientific evidence that supports its use as a preventive or therapeutic adjuvant against COVID-19. Target. Evaluate the feasibility of commercializing canned and fruits assorted with vitamin C, in order to increase the immune system. Methodology. A questionnaire was applied a structured instrument with 12 closed questions of which 5 were considered due to their relevance to the research, to the sample of a population of 24 703 habitants. Results. The market research carried out for the commercialization of the product has a high acceptance in the segment determined for it, exceeding 92%, considering the product accepted in this market due to the knowledge they have of both the fruit and the currents nutritional needs. Conclusion. The adequate acceptance of the products for its commercialization was concluded due to its health benefitsIntroducción. La pandemia por la enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) ha generado una crisis sanitaria mundial y a pesar del tiempo transcurrido aún no existe fármaco que haya demostrado prevenirla o curarla, sobre todo en los casos más graves. Algunos investigadores han propuesto el uso de la vitamina C, por su efecto inmunoregulador y antioxidante, tanto como medida preventiva y como tratamiento coadyuvante frente a la pandemia. Adicionalmente, se realizó la presente investigación para aportar a un tema actual y de esta forma determinar la factibilidad de estos efectos y si existe evidencia científica que avale su uso como preventivo o coadyuvante terapéutico contra la COVID-19. Objetivo. Evaluar la factibilidad de comercializar conservas de frutas surtidas con vitamina C, con la finalidad de aumentar el sistema inmunológico. Metodología. Se aplicó un cuestionario como instrumento estructurado con 12 preguntas de tipo cerradas, de las cuales se consideró 5 por su relevancia con la investigación, a la muestra de una población de 24703 habitantes. Resultados. La investigación de mercado realizada para la comercialización del producto, tiene una alta aceptación en el segmento determinado para la misma superando el 92%, dando por aceptado el producto en este mercado debido al conocimiento que tienen tanto de la fruta como de las necesidades nutricionales actuales. Conclusión. Se concluyó la adecuada aceptación del producto para su comercialización por sus beneficios a la salud

INDUSTRIALIZATION OF CANNABIS AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY

A documentary review was carried out on the production and publication of research papers related to the study of the variable industrialization of cannabis in the food industry. The purpose of the bibliometric analysis proposed in this document is to know the main characteristics of the volume of publications registered in Scopus database during the period 2016-2021 in Latin American countries, achieving the identification of 110 publications. The information provided by said platform was organized by means of tables and figures categorizing the information by Year of Publication, Country of Origin, Area of Knowledge and Type of Publication. Once these characteristics were described, the position of different authors regarding the proposed topic was referenced by means of a qualitative analysis. Among the main findings of this research, it is found that the United States, with 37 publications, is the country with the highest production. The area of knowledge that made the greatest contribution to the construction of bibliographic material referring to the study of the industrialization of cannabis in the food industry was biological and agricultural sciences with 49 published documents, and the type of publication that was most used during the period indicated above was the journal article, which represents 61% of the total scientific production

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN