Arnmonoids and trilobites from the Vidrieros Formation (Horcada del Oro, Palentine Domain, NW Spain)

[Resumen] Se analizan los arnmonoideos y trilobites de una parte de la Fm. Vidrieros, detectándose por primera vez faunas de arnmnoideos característicos del dolll. Faunas de cefalópodos pertenecientes a los géneros Maeneceras, Pseudoclymenia, Protoxoclymenia? y Protomoceras se citan por primera vez en la Cordillera Cantábrica. Se registra novedosamente la presencia de Tornoceras en capas del doN del Dominio Palentino así como, el primer hallazgo en España de una forma de trilobite del género Dianops.[Abstract] Arnmonoids and Trilobites from a part of the Vidrieros Formation are analized, detecting for the first time Arnmonoids forms characteristic of the doIl!. The f11'st reference about Cephalopod faunas belonging to the genera Maeneceras, Pseudoclymenia, Protoxoclymenia? y Protornoceras in the Cantabrian Mountains is given. The presence of Tomoceras is recorded for the first time in beds of dolV in the Palentine Domain, as well as the first finding in Spain of a Trilobite form belonging to the Dianops genus

Human Cerebral Activation during Steady-State Visual-Evoked Responses

Flicker stimuli of variable frequency (2-90 Hz) elicit a steady-state visual-evoked response (SSVER) in the electroencephalogram (EEG) with the same frequency as the stimulus. In humans, the amplitude of this response peaks at approximately 15 Hz, decreasing at higher stimulation frequencies. It was not known whether this peak response corresponds to increased synaptic activity in the visual cortex or to other mechanisms [for instance, the temporal coherence (phase summation) of evoked responses]. We studied the SSVER in 16 normal volunteers by means of visual stimulation at 14 different frequencies (from 5 to 60 Hz) while recording the EEG. In nine subjects of the group, we measured regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with positron emission tomography (PET)-H2(15)O at rest and during visual stimulation at five different frequencies: 5, 10, 15, 25, and 40 Hz. We confirmed that the amplitude of the SSVER in occipital regions peaks at 15 Hz stimulation. Applying to the PET rCBF data a contrast weighted by the amplitude of the SSVER, we determined that the primary visual cortex rCBF follows an activation pattern similar to the SSVER. This finding suggests that the amplitude of the SSVER corresponds to increased synaptic activity, specifically in Brodmann's area 17. Additionally, this study showed that visual stimulation at 40 Hz causes selective activation of the macular region of the visual cortex, and that a region in the dorsal aspect of the Crus I lobule of the left cerebellar hemisphere is activated during repetitive visual stimulation

IS THERE A CORTICAL BLOOD FLOW REDISTRIBUTION PATTERN RELATED WITH PERSEVERATIVE ERROR IN SCHIZOPHRENIA?

Background: We studied relative cortical blood flow (relCBF) patterns associated to correct performance (CP) and perseverative error (PE) during Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) execution, in controls and patients with schizophrenia. Subjects and methods: relCBF (regional cortical blood flow (rCBF) / whole cortex blood flow) of 10 well defined cortical regions was measured in 18 patients with schizophrenia and 13 healthy controls by a Technetium – 99 – HMPAO – SPECT, at rest and while they performed WCST. Results: Patients made significantly more PE than controls during WCST performance. In patients, we found a significant correlation between PE and relCBF in right occipital cortex. In controls, we found a significant correlation between CP and relCBF of several cortical regions during WCST execution: left orbitofrontal cortex and left global frontal cortex positively and parietal bilateral cortex negatively. PE was inversely correlated with relCBF in left temporal cortex. Conclusions: Successful WCST performance is associated to a high left frontal activity in controls but not in patients. The severity of PE during WCST performance is associated to a low left frontal-temporal activity in controls and to a high right parietal-occipital activity in schizophrenia. This may represent a cortical activity redistribution pattern related to perseveration in schizophrenia

Análisis de la ocupación real en un edificio como factor de ahorro: el caso Adapt4ee

La ocupación real en los edificios es objeto de estudio en diversos campos de investigación entre los que se encuentra la disminución de la demanda energética. En este marco se sitúa el proyecto europeo Adapt4ee - Occupant Aware, Intelligent and Adaptive Enterprises el cual, mediante la integración de los datos de la arquitectura (BIM) y los modelos de proceso de negocio (BPM), ha desarrollado una herramienta de simulación capaz de relacionar el comportamiento energético del edificio con los procesos de negocio, teniendo en cuenta la conducta de los ocupantes. Los actuales softwares de simulación energética consideran la ocupación de los edificios mediante la aplicación de plantillas prediseñadas para diferentes usos de edificios. Sin embargo, el equipo de ingenieros informáticos y arquitectos del proyecto han implementado una serie de perfiles de uso más próximos al comportamiento humano real. Con estos antecedentes, desde el proyecto Adapt4ee se ha analizado y evaluado el comportamiento en tiempo real de los ocupantes en relación con los consumos eléctricos y térmicos, mediante la monitorización de dos edificios en uso. Esta ponencia, por tanto, mostrará los resultados referentes a la ocupación extraídos de simulaciones, del estudio del proceso de negocio y de los datos reales obtenidos

Workshop International Seminar in Building Energy Performance como herramienta de difusión de un software de ahorro de energía en el ámbito universitario

La herramienta informática desarrollada en el proyecto de investigación de la Unión Europa Adapt4EE está enfocada a arquitectos e ingenieros implicados en el proceso de diseño y uso de energía en edificios. Es por ello que se plantea desde el inicio el testado de la herramienta por parte de futuros usuarios, en este caso estudiantes de último curso de arquitectura e ingeniería, para obtener así de primera mano su análisis y valoración. Esta ponencia trata de mostrar el proceso de evaluación llevado a cabo por parte del equipo de Adapt4EE para testar el software final del proyecto a través del Workshop International Seminar in Building Energy Performance realizado durante el año 2014. De este modo, se aportan datos que avalan la importancia de la introducción de este tipo de herramientas de integración entre investigación y empresas en los modelos educativos universitarios

Las sucesiones estratigráficas del Paleozoico inferior y medio

13 páginas, 20 páginas.-- Editor: García Cortés, Angel.-- Capítulo 2.Peer reviewe

EANM-EAN recommendations for the use of brain 18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) in neurodegenerative cognitive impairment and dementia: Delphi consensus

BACKGROUND: Recommendations for using FDG-PET to support the diagnosis of dementing neurodegenerative disorders are sparse and poorly structured. METHODS: We defined 21 questions on diagnostic issues and on semi-automated analysis to assist visual reading. Literature was reviewed to assess study design, risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision, indirectness and effect size. Critical outcomes were sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive/negative predictive value, area under the receiving operating characteristic curve, and positive/negative likelihood ratio of FDG-PET in detecting the target conditions. Using the Delphi method, an expert panel voted for/against the use of FDG-PET based on published evidence and expert opinion. RESULTS: Of the 1435 papers, 58 provided proper quantitative assessment of test performance. The panel agreed on recommending FDG-PET for 14 questions: diagnosing mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB); diagnosing atypical AD and pseudodementia; differentiating between AD and DLB, FTLD, or vascular dementia, between DLB and FTLD, and between Parkinson's disease (PD) and progressive supranuclear palsy; suggesting underlying pathophysiology in corticobasal degeneration and progressive primary aphasia, and cortical dysfunction in PD; using semi-automated assessment to assist visual reading. Panelists did not support FDG-PET use for preclinical stages of neurodegenerative disorders, for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington disease (HD) diagnoses, and ALS or HD-related cognitive decline. CONCLUSIONS: Despite limited formal evidence, panelists deemed FDG-PET useful in the early and differential diagnosis of the main neurodegenerative disorders, and semiautomated assessment helpful to assist visual reading. These decisions are proposed as interim recommendations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved