Análisis de la metodología Design Thinking. Aplicación al caso de una empresa real

Este trabajo ha estado vinculado a las prácticas voluntarias realizadas en el Laboratorio de Innovación de Diario de Navarra. En él se analiza la metodología de innovación Design Thinking como proceso en auge de los últimos tiempos que utilizan las empresas a la hora de generar innovación. El usuario hoy en día está en el centro de los procesos y se busca minimizar el riesgo iterando y evaluando con el cliente desde las primeras fases de desarrollo de producto. En este documento se analizan las distintas fases que contiene el proceso Design Thinking, explicando sus requisitos, cómo llevarlas a cabo y algunas técnicas que suelen emplearse. También se aplica el proceso al caso de una empresa real. En este caso el laboratorio de Innovación de Diario de Navarra (DN Lab), en el que un equipo multidisciplinar de estudiantes en prácticas se enfrenta al reto de llevar a cabo un Design Thinking.This Project is linked with an internship period in “Laboratorio de Innovación Periodística de Diario de Navarra”. This work is an analysis of the Design Thinking methodology as a trend process nowadays, which is used by companies in order to generate innovation. The user today is in the center of the innovation processes, and companies try to minimize risks through iterations and evaluating with the user since the beginning phases of products development . This project analyses the different phases of the Design Thinking Project, explaining its requirements, how to accomplish them, and some of the technics that are usually used. In addition, in this document is explained how Design Thinking is applied in a real case scenario. In particular to “Laboratorio de Innovación Periodística de Diario de Navarra (DN Lab)”, where a multidisciplinary team of intern students faced with the challenge of carry out a Design Thinking process.Graduado o Graduada en Administración y Dirección de Empresas por la Universidad Pública de NavarraEnpresen Administrazio eta Zuzendaritzan Graduatua Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa

Internet of things in health: Requirements, issues, and gaps

Background and objectives: The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm has been extensively applied to several sectors in the last years, ranging from industry to smart cities. In the health domain, IoT makes possible new scenarios of healthcare delivery as well as collecting and processing health data in real time from sensors in order to make informed decisions. However, this domain is complex and presents several tech- nological challenges. Despite the extensive literature about this topic, the application of IoT in healthcare scarcely covers requirements of this sector. Methods: A literature review from January 2010 to February 2021 was performed resulting in 12,108 articles. After filtering by title, abstract, and content, 86 were eligible and examined according to three requirement themes: data lifecycle; trust, security, and privacy; and human-related issues. Results: The analysis of the reviewed literature shows that most approaches consider IoT application in healthcare merely as in any other domain (industry, smart cities…), with no regard of the specific requirements of this domain. Conclusions: Future effort s in this matter should be aligned with the specific requirements and needs of the health domain, so that exploiting the capabilities of the IoT paradigm may represent a meaningful step forward in the application of this technology in healthcare.Consejería de Conocimiento, Investigación y Universidad, Junta de Andalucía P18-TPJ - 307

Human Cerebral Activation during Steady-State Visual-Evoked Responses

Flicker stimuli of variable frequency (2-90 Hz) elicit a steady-state visual-evoked response (SSVER) in the electroencephalogram (EEG) with the same frequency as the stimulus. In humans, the amplitude of this response peaks at approximately 15 Hz, decreasing at higher stimulation frequencies. It was not known whether this peak response corresponds to increased synaptic activity in the visual cortex or to other mechanisms [for instance, the temporal coherence (phase summation) of evoked responses]. We studied the SSVER in 16 normal volunteers by means of visual stimulation at 14 different frequencies (from 5 to 60 Hz) while recording the EEG. In nine subjects of the group, we measured regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with positron emission tomography (PET)-H2(15)O at rest and during visual stimulation at five different frequencies: 5, 10, 15, 25, and 40 Hz. We confirmed that the amplitude of the SSVER in occipital regions peaks at 15 Hz stimulation. Applying to the PET rCBF data a contrast weighted by the amplitude of the SSVER, we determined that the primary visual cortex rCBF follows an activation pattern similar to the SSVER. This finding suggests that the amplitude of the SSVER corresponds to increased synaptic activity, specifically in Brodmann's area 17. Additionally, this study showed that visual stimulation at 40 Hz causes selective activation of the macular region of the visual cortex, and that a region in the dorsal aspect of the Crus I lobule of the left cerebellar hemisphere is activated during repetitive visual stimulation

IS THERE A CORTICAL BLOOD FLOW REDISTRIBUTION PATTERN RELATED WITH PERSEVERATIVE ERROR IN SCHIZOPHRENIA?

Background: We studied relative cortical blood flow (relCBF) patterns associated to correct performance (CP) and perseverative error (PE) during Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) execution, in controls and patients with schizophrenia. Subjects and methods: relCBF (regional cortical blood flow (rCBF) / whole cortex blood flow) of 10 well defined cortical regions was measured in 18 patients with schizophrenia and 13 healthy controls by a Technetium – 99 – HMPAO – SPECT, at rest and while they performed WCST. Results: Patients made significantly more PE than controls during WCST performance. In patients, we found a significant correlation between PE and relCBF in right occipital cortex. In controls, we found a significant correlation between CP and relCBF of several cortical regions during WCST execution: left orbitofrontal cortex and left global frontal cortex positively and parietal bilateral cortex negatively. PE was inversely correlated with relCBF in left temporal cortex. Conclusions: Successful WCST performance is associated to a high left frontal activity in controls but not in patients. The severity of PE during WCST performance is associated to a low left frontal-temporal activity in controls and to a high right parietal-occipital activity in schizophrenia. This may represent a cortical activity redistribution pattern related to perseveration in schizophrenia

Evolutionary-based prediction interval estimation by blending solar radiation forecasting models using meteorological weather types

Recent research has shown that the integration or blending of different forecasting models is able to improve the predictions of solar radiation. However, most works perform model blending to improve point forecasts, but the integration of forecasting models to improve probabilistic forecasting has not received much attention. In this work the estimation of prediction intervals for the integration of four Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) forecasting models (Smart Persistence, WRF-solar, CIADcast, and Satellite) is addressed. Several short-term forecasting horizons, up to one hour ahead, have been analyzed. Within this context, one of the aims of the article is to study whether knowledge about the synoptic weather conditions, which are related to the stability of weather, might help to reduce the uncertainty represented by prediction intervals. In order to deal with this issue, information about which weather type is present at the time of prediction, has been used by the blending model. Four weather types have been considered. A multi-objective variant of the Lower Upper Bound Estimation approach has been used in this work for prediction interval estimation and compared with two baseline methods: Quantile Regression (QR) and Gradient Boosting (GBR). An exhaustive experimental validation has been carried out, using data registered at Seville in the Southern Iberian Peninsula. Results show that, in general, using weather type information reduces uncertainty of prediction intervals, according to all performance metrics used. More specifically, and with respect to one of the metrics (the ratio between interval coverage and width), for high-coverage (0.90, 0.95) prediction intervals, using weather type enhances the ratio of the multi-objective approach by 2%¿. Also, comparing the multi-objective approach versus the two baselines for high-coverage intervals, the improvement is 11%¿% over QR and 10%¿% over GBR. Improvements for low-coverage intervals (0.85) are smaller.The authors are supported by projects funded by Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Spain (PID2019-107455RB-C21 and PID2019-107455RB-C22/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). Also supported by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, project ENE2014-56126-C2-1-R and ENE2014-56126-C2-2-R (http://prosol.uc3m.es). The University of Jaén team is also supported by FEDER, Spain funds and by the Junta de Andalucía, Spain (Research group TEP-220

Prediction of biometric variables through multispectral images obtained from UAV in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) during ripening stage

Here, we report the prediction of vegetative stages variables of canary bean crop by means of RGB and multispectral images obtained from UAV during the ripening stage, correlating the vegetation indices with biometric variables measured manually in the field. Results indicated a highly significant correlation of plant height with eight RGB image vegetation indices for the canary bean crop, which were used for predictive models, obtaining a maximum correlation of R2 = 0.79. On the other hand, the estimated indices of multispectral images did not show significant correlations

Transient Posterior Encephalopathy Induced by Chemotherapy in Children

The cases of three children, 16, 12, and 12 years of age, who suffered sudden confusional state and cortical blindness lasting 12 to 30 minutes while under treatment with high-dose methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, and dactinomycin for a lower limb osteosarcoma are reported. Transient neuropsychologic deficits arose after the acute phase of treatment: left hemispatial neglect and constructive apraxia (Patient 1); constructive apraxia (Patient 2); and constructive apraxia and alexia without aphasia (Patient 3). The three patients recovered completely from all their deficits within the time frame of 3 hours to 2 weeks. Arterial hypertension and hypomagnesemia were found during the acute phase in all patients. In Patients 2 and 3, magnetic resonance imaging revealed increased parieto-occipital T(2) signal involving gray and white matter. In Patients 1 and 2, HmPAO-SPECT revealed parieto-occipital hypoperfusion that resolved a few days later. The alterations detected by neuroimaging were concurrent with the appearance and disappearance of the clinical symptoms. Such transient acute episodes have been named occipital-parietal encephalopathy. On the basis of our clinical, laboratory, and neuroimaging findings, an explanation for the origin of this syndrome, a migrainelike mechanism, triggered by chemotherapy-induced hypomagnesemia, is proposed

Analysis of tribological properties in disks of AA-5754 and AA-5083 aluminium alloys previously processed by equal channel angular pressing and isothermally forged

In the present study, the wear behaviour of two aluminium alloys (AA‐5754 and AA‐5083) is analysed where these have been previously processed by severe plastic deformation (SPD) with equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). In order to achieve the objectives of this study, several disks made of these alloys are manufactured by isothermal forging from different initial states. The microstructures of the initial materials analysed in this study have different accumulated deformation levels. In order to compare the properties of the nanostructured materials with those which have not been ECAP‐processed, several disks with a height of 6 mm and a diameter of 35 mm are manufactured from both aluminium alloys (that is, AA‐5754 and AA‐5083) isothermally forged at temperatures of 150 and 200 °C, respectively. These thus‐manufactured disks are tested under a load of 0.6 kN, which is equivalent to a stress mean value of 18 MPa, and at a rotational speed of 200 rpm. In order to determine the wear values, the disks are weighed at the beginning, at 10,000 revolutions, at 50,000 revolutions and at 100,000 revolutions, and then the volume‐loss values are calculated. This study was carried out using specific equipment, which may be considered to have a block‐on‐ring configuration, developed for testing in‐service wear behaviour of mechanical components. From this, the wear coefficients for the two materials at different initial states are obtained. In addition, a comparison is made between the behaviour of the previously ECAP-processed aluminium alloys and those that are non‐ECAP‐processed. A methodology is proposed to determine wear coefficients for the aluminium alloys under consideration, which may be used to predict the wear behaviour. It is demonstrated that AA‐5754 and AA‐5083 aluminium alloys improve wear behaviour after the ECAP process compared to that obtained in non‐ECAP‐processed materials.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (former Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness) through the Research Project DPI2013‐41954‐P