A ambientalização curricular de programas de Educação Física em universidades federais do Brasil

ResumoO objetivo do artigo foi analisar evidências de ambientalização curricular em programas de educação física no contexto do ensino superior brasileiro. De acordo com esse objetivo, o "corpus" de análise foi composto pelos planos de ensino de disciplinas que abordam questões ambientais em programas de educação física de Universidades Federais do Brasil. O "corpus" foi analisado a partir da Análise Textual Discursiva, metodologia que compreende: a) desmontagem dos textos (unitarização); b) estabelecimento de relações (categorização); c) captação de um novo emergente (metatexto original). As unidades de significado destacadas na etapa de unitarização foram organizadas em categorias pré-definidas a partir das características da Rede ACES para um estudo ambientalizado. A escolha desse referencial ("benchmark") se justifica por sua representatividade diante das produções científicas no campo ambiental, constituindo-se como significativo (con)texto social atual, trazendo em suas definições o resultado de embates históricos em torno da emergência/legitimação de elementos que constituem os atuais conceitos sobre o "ambiental". Esperar-se-ia, assim, que pelo menos os conceitos chaves de cada categoria fossem contemplados pelas propostas presentes em planos de ensino de disciplinas que propõem um diálogo entre o campo ambiental e o campo da educação física. No entanto, os resultados da pesquisa mostram uma realidade bem diferente, colocando em evidência as práticas esportivas e recreativas na natureza como foco quase que exclusivo das disciplinas que abordam questões ambientais em programas de educação física de Universidades Federais do Brasil. Nos argumentos conclusivos são apresentadas significativas evidências sobre as dimensões dos discursos ambientais que estão sendo incorporados pelos currículos de educação física no âmbito do ensino (superior), assim como novas/"alternativas" perspectivas que emergem nos encontros entre o campo ambiental e o campo da educação física

Gated Geiger mode avalanche photodiode pixels with integrated readout electronics for low noise photon detection

Avalanche photodiodes operated in the Geiger mode offer a high intrinsic gain as well as an excellent timing accuracy. These qualities make the sensor specially suitable for those applications where detectors with high sensitivity and low timing uncertainty are required. Moreover, they are compatible with standard CMOS technologies, allowing sensor and front-end electronics integration within the pixel cell. However, the sensor suffers from high levels of intrinsic noise, which may lead to erroneous results and limit the range of detectable signals. They also increase the amount of data that has to be stored. In this work, we present a pixel based on a Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode operated in the gated mode to reduce the probability to detect noise counts interfering with photon arrival events. The readout circuit is based on a two grounds scheme to enable low reverse bias overvoltages and consequently lessen the dark count rate. Experimental characterization of the fabricated pixel with the HV-AMS 0.35µm standard technology is also presented in this article

Genetic Diversity for Grain Yield and its Components in Winter Wheat Genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.)

In order to detect the most effective characters on grain yield and its component in winter wheat genotypes, an experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Research Station of the Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch. Planting seed, application of fertilizers and fertilizers and pesticides and irrigation regimes were processed as they are usually done in the region. Some traits such as days to heading, days to maturity, height plant, main spike weight, straw yield, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, grain yield and harvest index were characterized. Analysis of variance revealed that there were significant differences among genotypes for most of the traits except the weight of main spike and grain number per plant. Results also showed that the highest phenotypic (19.77%) diversity belonged to the weight of main spike and least to days to maturity and days to heading (with 0.27% and 0.52% ) respectively. Results of factor analysis showed that four factors accounted for 82.73% of the total variation. Cluster analysis, based on traits under study, grouped the genotypes into two groups. The first group consisted of seven and the second on of five genotypes

MEASUREMENT OF HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES OF SOILS USED FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION UNDER SATURATED AND UNSATURATED CONDITIONS

Road structures are more often found in unsaturated conditions. Despite this, at present there is a limited volume of literature on the hydraulic properties of soils used for road construction evaluated under unsaturated conditions. In this context, this paper presents the characterization and measurement of the hydraulic properties of different soils used for road construction in the city of Santander, Northern Spain. The soils were extracted from a road structure. The hydraulic properties of soils have been measured under saturated and unsaturated conditions, in order to determine the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and the Soil Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC), according to the van Genuchten model of four-parameter. Finally, the procedures followed in this particular study case can give guidelines for the determination of the hydraulic parameters of soils used for road construction, especially when unsaturated conditions needs to be take into account. Besides, the hydraulic parameters obtained with the described methods can be effectively used for modeling the water flow and contaminants through road structures using FEM-based numerical simulation.</jats:p

The Effects of Water Deficit Stress on Some Morphological Characteristics and Grain Yield of Armavirsky Cultivar Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

To investigate the effects of water deficit on some morphological characteristics and grain yieldof Armavirsky sunflower cultivar, an experiment in a randomized complete block design was conducted in Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch with three replications. Five levels of drought stress consisted: (D1=50, D2=100, D3=150, D4=200 and D5=250 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan). Results showed that grain yields were 5486, 4480, 3080, 2460 and 2260 kg per hectare for D1 to D5 respectively. Increasing water deficit levels decreased grain yield, oil percentage, no. of grain per head, 100 seed weight, dry weight, stem diameter, head diameter, leaf area index, relative water content, chlorophyll content. While increased adaixial stomata number, percentage of empty seed and stomatal resistance. However, the differences between D1 and D2 were only significant for 100 grain weight, empty seed percentage, and no. of grain per head; It seems that these traits begin to increase after flowering; thus, if can be suggested that early irrigations of Armavirsky up to flowering may be carried out by D2 and then after by D1 levels to optimize seed yield and prevent significant decrease in other attributes

The Effects of Different Sources of Phosphorous and its Solubilizing Bacteria on Growth of the Hybrid Corn (KSC 704)

To study the effects of phosphorous of different sources and its solubilizing bacteria on the corn growth an experiment was conducted at Miyandoab Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station in 2005 in Iran. The arrangement of experiment was factorial based on RCB design with three replications. Treatments consisted of four levels of phosphate solubilizing bacteria: control, thiobacillus bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and Thiobacillus bacteria and phosphate solubilizing bacteria and three levels of fertilizer: without fertilizer, rock phosphate and triple super phosphate. In this study 0.5 m2 of each plot was sampled every 15 days intervals and were studied the dry matter per unit area (TDM), leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR) and relative growth rate (RGR) were analyzed. The results showed that the application of thiobacillus bacteria + phosphate solubilizing bacteria + triple super phosphate increased total dry matter (TDM) and crop growth rate (CGR), while relative growth rate (RGR), decreased. LAI increased slowly during early growing stage but increased rapidly when growth proceeded. The highest LAI (4.3), TDM (3451 gr/m2) and CGR (5.41 gr/m2) were obtained from the application of thiobacillus + phosphate solubilizing bacteria triple super phosphate. Similar results were obtained by the application of thiobacillus + phosphate solubilizing bacteria + rock phosphate. It seems that application of thiobacillus + phosphate solubilizing bacteria is useful for availability of phosphorous to plant. Also, application of rock phosphate, due to low cost, availability of phosphorous to plant and its decreased effect on environment pollution can be used instead of other sources of phosphate fertilizers such as triple super phosphate

Modeling pressure drop produced by different filtering media in microirrigation sand filters using the hybrid ABC-MARS-based approach, MLP neural network and M5 model tree

Granular media filters are commonly used to remove suspended solids and prevent emitter clogging in microirrigation systems. Silica sand is the standard filtering media but other granular materials can be used for this purpose. The characterization of the pressure drop produced by the clean filtering media is of practical interest for designing and managing these filters. Different models such as Ergun or Kozeny-Carman equations are usually used to predict pressure drop produced by the filtering media. However, as parameters of the media such as equivalent diameter and sphericity, that are difficult to determine, appear in these equations, the objective of this study was to construct a new model to estimate the pressure drop of different filtering materials of interest in granular filters with limited data of the physical parameters that characterize the filtering media. This paper, taking as starting point the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), develops a new algorithm hybridizing it with the artificial bee colony (ABC) method, to estimate the pressure drop in granular filters broadly used in microirrigation systems for the first time with a data-driven model. Laboratory experiments were used to measure pressure drop across silica sand, crushed glass, modified glass and glass microspheres in a scaled filter at surface velocities ranging from 0.004 to 0.025 m s −1 . The ABC method allows the tuning of the MARS parameters during the training phase improving significantly the regression accuracy. Additionally, a multilayer perceptron network (MLP) and M5 model tree were fitted to the experimental data for comparison purposes. The results have shown that ABC-MARS-based model was the best estimation of the pressure drop with a coefficient of determination of 0.78. Therefore, ABC-MARS-based model could be easily implemented to predict pressure drop with minimal input parameters for other filtering materials used in microirrigation media filtersAuthors wish to acknowledge the computational support provided by the Department of Mathematics at University of Oviedo as well as financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through Grant AGL2015-63750-