Eficácia horizontal dos direitos fundamentais e o caso Air France: análise de precedentes

O presente estudo tem como objeto a eficácia horizontal dos direitos fundamentais. Para entendermos o tema, iremos abordar os conceitos dos direitos fundamentais, seguido das perspectivas subjetiva e objetiva, trazendo então as eficácias dos direitos fundamentais, aprofundando na eficácia horizontal, ou seja, a aplicação dos direitos fundamentais nas relações entre particulares. Buscando entender o caso da Air France – RE 161.243-6/DF, demonstrando que cabe ao Estado não só respeitar, mas, ainda, assegurar a observância do regular cumprimento das normas de direitos fundamentais, sejam eles violados pelo Estado, ou por outros particulares

A expressão do aumentativo na fala manauara

Este estudo analisa a expressão do aumentativo na fala manauara, no plano do conteúdo explícito e implícito como um recurso semântico-argumentativo que ultrapassa o enunciado. A base teórica se norteia na Sociolinguística Variacionista Laboviana (LABOV, 2008), na Teoria de Avaliatividade (MARTIN; WHITE, 2005) e no Funcionalismo Linguístico (SOUZA, 2012), observando os níveis gramaticais para o tratamento da expressão do grau aumentativo. Verifica-se a frequência de ocorrência e o tipo de uso na expressão do aumentativo, através de variáveis linguísticas e extralinguísticas. O corpus investigado pertence ao banco de dados do FAMAC (Fala Manauara Culta e Coloquial) e constituem-se de 6 registros, distribuídos equitativamente em EF, DID e D2. O critério de seleção dos informantes são os que tenham nascido em Manaus ou residam há mais de 20 anos. A análise dos dados apontou que a maior incidência de gradação do aumentativo ocorreu no tipo de registro DID, com 41% de frequência.

Increase of reactive oxygen species by desferrioxamine during experimental Chagas' disease.

Oxidative stress is common in inflammatory processes associated with many diseases including Chagas' disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate, in a murine model, biomarkers of oxidative stress together with components of the antioxidant system in order to provide an overview of the mechanism of action of the iron chelator desferrioxamine (DFO). The study population comprised 48 male Swiss mice, half of which were treated daily by intraperitoneal injection of DFO over a 35-day period, while half were administered sterile water in a similar manner. On the 14th day of the experiment, 12 DFO-treated mice and an equal number of untreated mice were experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Serum concentrations of nitric oxide and superoxide dismutase and hepatic levels of total glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactive species and protein carbonyl, were determined on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 post-infection. The results obtained revealed that DFO enhances antioxidant activity in the host but also increases oxidative stress, indicating that the mode of action of the drug involves a positive contribution to the host together with an effect that is not beneficial to the parasite

Use of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill extracts from Brazilian Caatinga as an alternative of natural moisturizer in cosmetic formulations

The aim of this work was the obtainment of Opuntia fícus-indica (L.) Mill extract for the development of cosmetic formulations and in vivo evaluation of its moisturizing effects. The formulations were tested for preliminary and accelerated stability. Organoleptic characteristics, pH values and rheological behavior were assessed. The evaluation of moisturizing efficacy of the emulsions formulated with 3.0% of Polyacrylamide (and) C13-14 Isoparaffin (and) Laureth-7 containing 1.0 and 3.0% of O. ficus-indica hydroglycolic extract (EHG001) was performed using the capacitance method (Corneometer(r)) and the transepidermal water loss - TEWL evaluation (Tewameter(r)). The emulsions formulated were stable, exhibiting pseudoplastic and thixotropic behavior. The results of evaluation of moisturizing efficacy showed increased skin hydration after five hours by mainly increasing the skin barrier effect. The formulations containing 1.0 and 3.0% of EHG001 enhanced the skin barrier effect by reducing TEWL up to four hours after application. The results observed suggest that O. ficus-indica hydroglycolic extract may act through a humectant and occlusion mechanism

Trypanosoma cruzi: desferrioxamine decreases mortality and parasitemia in infected mice through a trypanostatic effect.

Desferrioxamine (DFO) is a potent iron chelator that is also known to modulate inflammation and act as an efficient antioxidant under normal conditions and under oxidative stress. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the efficacy of DFO in the treatment of viral, bacterial and protozoan infections. DFO is known to reduce the intensity of Trypanosoma cruzi infections in mice even during a course of therapy that is not effective in maintaining anaemia or low iron levels. To further clarify these findings, we investigated the action of DFO on mouse T. cruzi infection outcomes and the direct impact of DFO on parasites. Infected animals treated with DFO (5 mg/animal/day) for 35 days, beginning 14 days prior to infection, presented lower parasitemia and lower cumulative mortality rate. No significant effect was observed on iron metabolism markers, erythrograms, leukograms or lymphocyte subsets. In the rapid method for testing in vivo T. cruzi susceptibility, DFO also induced lower parasitemia. In regard to its direct impact on parasites, DFO slightly inhibited the growth of amastigotes and trypomastigotes in fibroblast culture. Trypan blue staining showed no effects of DFO on parasite viability, and only minor apoptosis in trypomastigotes was observed. Nevertheless, a clear decrease in parasite mobility was detected. In conclusion, the beneficial actions of DFO on mice T. cruzi infection seem to be independent of host iron metabolism and free of significant haematological side effects. Through direct action on the parasite, DFO has more effective trypanostatic than trypanocidal properties

Vegetable moisturizing raw material from “Caatinga” Brazilian biome: safety and efficacy evaluations of O/W cosmetic emulsions containing Kalanchoe brasiliensis extract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of Kalanchoe brasiliensis extract, followed by the development of an oil in water emulsion containing the K. brasiliensis leaves extract and evaluating its clinical moisturizing efficacy. The formulations containing sodium acrylates/ Beheneth-25 methacrylate Crosspolymer (and) hydrogenated polydecene (and) lauryl glucoside and 0.5% of extract were prepared. The extract was considered as non-irritating through skin irritant tests. The stability testing was carried out in different conditions for 90 days. The skin hydration was measured by capacitance measurement and transepidermal water loss using biophysical techniques. The results indicate that the formulation containing 0.5% of extract increased the hydration of the stratum corneum up to 5 h after application on the forearm. The transepidermal water loss was reduced when compared to the untreated area and placebo area. Therefore, we can conclude that the increased skin hydration and protection of barrier function can be attributed to the K. brasiliensis extract. This research presents a new raw material from the Brazilian Caatinga biome and shows its possible application in the development of cosmetic products

Investigando a contribuição de experimentos demonstrativos investigativos para o desenvolvimento de conceitos relacionados à temática àcidos e bases no ensino médio

Este trabalho mostra a contribuição de uma proposta didática para o desenvolvimento de conceitos inicias sobre ácidos e bases por meio do uso de atividades experimentais demonstrativas investigativas acerca do tema. Para tanto, foram planejadas e aplicadas quatro aulas por alunos bolsistas do PIBID, para alunos da primeira série do ensinomédio, com o intuito de proporcionar um aprendizado mais significativo com a participação ativa destes. A efetividade das ações foi avaliada por meio da aplicação de questionários pré e pósatividades. Pode-se concluir que houve influência das aulas práticas na aprendizagem dos alunos, uma vez que as respostas dos questionários pós estavam mais coerentes com as definições científicas para ácidos e bases, quando comparadas às respostas do questionário pré. Os dados obtidos mostram a importância de atividades experimentais investigativas, mesmo que realizadas por demonstração, como uma alternativa para auxiliar os professores no ensinode química