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Esta dissertação estuda o papel dado ao Escritório Rino Levi Arquitetos Associados pela historiografia sobre a arquitetura moderna brasileira. Mais do que pelo confronto nacional X internacional, essa historiografia se caracteriza pela dualidade arquiteto de gênio X arquitetura de ofício, esta última perfeitamente caracterizada por um arquiteto como Rino Levi. Através da análise de projetos, este trabalho lança uma hipótese que justifica o espaço ocupado pela arquitetura de ofício na historiografia.This dissertation studies \"Rino Levi Arquitetos Associados\" role in the historiography on modern Brazilian Architecture. More than the national vs international confrontation, this historiography is characterized by the duality of the architecture of the genius vs occupational architecture, the latter being perfectly characterized by an architect such as Rino Levi. Through different project analysis, this work launches a hypothesis that justifies the space occupied by occupational architecture in the historiography

Rino Levi work and the history of modern architecture in Brazil

O objetivo desta tese é a inclusão da obra de Rino Levi na história da Arquitetura Moderna no Brasil. Esta inclusão pressupõe a história como um processo de mudança sem atenção concentrada em periodizações, marcos arquitetônicos ou arquitetos inaugurais. Esta análise, devido ao seu caráter inserção de uma produção em um processo só pode ser construída enquanto narrada. E a narrativa tem início no papel ocupado por Rino Levi na historiografia, que se revelou caracterizada pela dualidade arquitetura de gênio x arquitetura de ofício, esta última perfeitamente caracterizada por um arquiteto como Rino Levi. Uma das características da arquitetura de ofício é a de trabalhar com referências e esta foi a instância adotada para a análise realizada no segundo momento desta tese. Devido à abrangência da obra do arquiteto em tempo e número de projetos foram feitos dois recortes. O primeiro percorreu o período de formação e os primeiros projetos de Rino Levi, enquanto o segundo examinou uma seleção de projetos da década de 50, que oferece oportunidade privilegiada para o entendimento de como as referências operam na obra de um arquiteto de ofício.The purpose of this thesis is the inclusion of Rino Levis work in the history of Modern Architecture in Brazil. This inclusion assumes the history as a change process without any attention focused on periods, architectonic landmarks or inaugural architects. This analysis, due to its feature insertion of a production in a process can only be made while it is narrated. And the narrative starts in the role performed by Rino Levi in the historiography that was revealed characterized by dual genius architecture x office architecture, the last one perfectly characterized by an architect like Rino Levi. One of the features of office architecture is to work with references and this was the instance adopted for the analysis made at the second moment of this thesis. Due to the scope of the architects work in time and number of projects two cutouts were made. The first went through the formation periods and the first Rino Levis projects while the second examined a project selection of the 50s that offers a privileged opportunity to understand how references act in the work of an office architect

Rino Levi work and the history of modern architecture in Brazil

O objetivo desta tese é a inclusão da obra de Rino Levi na história da Arquitetura Moderna no Brasil. Esta inclusão pressupõe a história como um processo de mudança sem atenção concentrada em periodizações, marcos arquitetônicos ou arquitetos inaugurais. Esta análise, devido ao seu caráter inserção de uma produção em um processo só pode ser construída enquanto narrada. E a narrativa tem início no papel ocupado por Rino Levi na historiografia, que se revelou caracterizada pela dualidade arquitetura de gênio x arquitetura de ofício, esta última perfeitamente caracterizada por um arquiteto como Rino Levi. Uma das características da arquitetura de ofício é a de trabalhar com referências e esta foi a instância adotada para a análise realizada no segundo momento desta tese. Devido à abrangência da obra do arquiteto em tempo e número de projetos foram feitos dois recortes. O primeiro percorreu o período de formação e os primeiros projetos de Rino Levi, enquanto o segundo examinou uma seleção de projetos da década de 50, que oferece oportunidade privilegiada para o entendimento de como as referências operam na obra de um arquiteto de ofício.The purpose of this thesis is the inclusion of Rino Levis work in the history of Modern Architecture in Brazil. This inclusion assumes the history as a change process without any attention focused on periods, architectonic landmarks or inaugural architects. This analysis, due to its feature insertion of a production in a process can only be made while it is narrated. And the narrative starts in the role performed by Rino Levi in the historiography that was revealed characterized by dual genius architecture x office architecture, the last one perfectly characterized by an architect like Rino Levi. One of the features of office architecture is to work with references and this was the instance adopted for the analysis made at the second moment of this thesis. Due to the scope of the architects work in time and number of projects two cutouts were made. The first went through the formation periods and the first Rino Levis projects while the second examined a project selection of the 50s that offers a privileged opportunity to understand how references act in the work of an office architect

A Transcript Finishing Initiative for Closing Gaps in the Human Transcriptome

We report the results of a transcript finishing initiative, undertaken for the purpose of identifying and characterizing novel human transcripts, in which RT-PCR was used to bridge gaps between paired EST clusters, mapped against the genomic sequence. Each pair of EST clusters selected for experimental validation was designated a transcript finishing unit (TFU). A total of 489 TFUs were selected for validation, and an overall efficiency of 43.1% was achieved. We generated a total of 59,975 bp of transcribed sequences organized into 432 exons, contributing to the definition of the structure of 211 human transcripts. The structure of several transcripts reported here was confirmed during the course of this project, through the generation of their corresponding full-length cDNA sequences. Nevertheless, for 21% of the validated TFUs, a full-length cDNA sequence is not yet available in public databases, and the structure of 69.2% of these TFUs was not correctly predicted by computer programs. The TF strategy provides a significant contribution to the definition of the complete catalog of human genes and transcripts, because it appears to be particularly useful for identification of low abundance transcripts expressed in a restricted set of tissues as well as for the delineation of gene boundaries and alternatively spliced isoforms

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora