Sistema formativo da PSP: adequação do modelo de formação inicial - estudo de revisão

Com o presente estudo de revisão procurámos contribuir para a identificação de fatores, ao nível do processo formativo dos Cursos de Formação de Agentes da Polícia de Segurança Pública, ministrados na Escola Prática de Polícia, passíveis de serem revistos, no sentido de melhor preparar os futuros polícias para as exigentes condições do exercício da atividade profissional. Para o efeito, baseámo-nos nos únicos três estudos publicados, que na última década foram realizados sobre a adequação da formação inicial, sendo que, cada um destes estudos foi direcionado para um Curso de Formação de Agentes em concreto. Do cruzamento da análise conjunta destes três estudos, centrados na perspetiva dos polícias que à data tinham concluído mais recentemente a formação e iniciado a atividade operacional, procurámos apurar, em que medida, a formação ministrada se mostrou adequada ao desempenho das tarefas policiais. Com o presente estudo constatou-se que o modelo de formação inicial se mostrou ajustado às finalidades, embora careça de permanente aperfeiçoamento, daí a necessidade de continuação da avaliação sistemática da formação.With the present review study, we have tried to contribute to the identification of factors in the formative process of the Training Courses for Police Officers of Public Security, given at the Police Training School, which can be reviewed in order to better prepare the future the demanding conditions of the exercise of professional activity. To the end, we have based ourselves on the only three published studies, that in the last decade were carried out on the adequacy of the initial formation, being, each of these studies was directed to a Course of Training of Agents in concrete. From the cross analysis of these three studies, focused on the perspective activity, we sought to determine, to what extent, the training provided was adequate to the performance of the police tasks. With the present study it was verified that the initial training model was adjusted for the purposes, although it requires permanent improvement, hence the need to continue the systematic evaluation of the training.N/

Elderly strength training

Abstract With aging, muscles and bones are getting weaker that induce a decrease of strength, balance and mobility. A decrease of muscle mass is associated with the incapacity to realize the daily routine activities. On this way the strength training can be an effective method to promote a save walk in this population increasing muscle mass and strength. The main purpose of this study was to identify the modifications induced by a strength training programme by improving the maximal strength. Our sample consisted of seven old females (means of age: 70.43 + 6.00 years). The protocol consisted of a nine weeks programme to stimulate the principal muscle groups with a progressive increase of intensity (60%-85% of one maximum repetition). During the implementation of the program, maximal strength scores were taken at the end of each tree weeks period, to see the evolution thought the nine weeks. The ANOVA for repeated measures evidenced significant gains in strength at every evaluation moment of the programme (p< 0.05). The participants increased significantly the levels of maximum strength at all muscular groups stimulated by training. There has been a significant statistic improvement in all conventional machines to develop the strength training program

Toxocaríase humana: incidência de infecção em indivíduos residentes na periferia de Campinas, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

With the aim of estimating the incidence of infection by Toxocara among residents in the outskirts of Campinas (State of São Paulo, Brazil) two serological surveys, using ELISA anti-Toxocara tests, were performed in January 1999 and January 2000, involving, respectively, 138 and 115 individuals, 75 of which examined in both occasions. Among this group 67 individuals did not show the presence of anti-Toxocara antibodies in 1999, and 12 presented seroconversion in the second survey, revealing an annual incidence rate of 17.9%.Dois inquéritos sorológicos empregando testes imunoenzimáticos (ELISA) anti-Toxocara foram realizados em moradores da periferia de Campinas (SP, Brasil) em janeiro de 1999 e janeiro de 2000, envolvendo, respectivamente, 138 e 115 indivíduos escolhidos aleatoriamente. Dos 75 indivíduos examinados em ambas as ocasiões, 67 apresentaram resultados negativos em 1999, observando-se soroconversão em 12 no segundo inquérito. Tais resultados indicam taxa anual de incidência de 17,9% para infecção por Toxocara na região

The influence of local anesthetic solutions storage on tissue inflammatory reaction

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the influence of storage conditions of local anesthetic solutions in the inflammatory reaction after injection in rats. Study design: Twenty-four rats received in their oral mucosa the injection of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100.000 solutions (LA) submitted to the following storage conditions during a twelve-month period: G1 - inside the original packaging, in refrigerator (5±1°C); G2 - inside the original box, under light shelter, at room temperature; G3 - outside the original box at room temperature (exposed to artificial light for 12 hours/day) and G4 - brand new solution. For the controls tests, 0.9% sodium chloride solution was injected in the opposite side. After 6 and 24 hours, three animals of each group were sacrificed and their maxilla along with the soft tissue were removed and submitted to histological analysis (HE). Results: The pH of LA was measured before and after the storage period and no statistically differences were observed between G1 and G4, but both were different from G2 and G3. All the scores of the testing solutions were higher than their respective negative controls, except for G1 at 6 hours. The order of the scores of inflammation after 6 hours was G3>G4>G2=G1. After 24 hours the order was G3>G2>G1>G4. Conclusion: The study showed that the method of storage can influence the pH and the level of inflammatory reaction after the injection of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100.000

Association Between Human Leukocyte Antigens And Graft-versus-host Disease Occurrence After Allogenic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the complications following allogenic stem cell transplantation. This study investigated an association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and the occurrence of acute and chronic GVHD in patients who had received stem cell transplantations from HLA-identical siblings. Retrospective study at Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). The participants were 176 patients whose first transplant was between 1997 and 2009. HLA genotyping was performed serologically and using the polymerase chain reaction with specific primer sequence. Acute GVHD was positively associated with HLA-A10 (P = 0.0007), HLA-A26 (P = 0.002), B55 (P = 0.001), DRB1*15 (P = 0.0211) and DQB1*05 (P = 0.038), while HLA-B16 (P = 0.0333) was more frequent in patients without acute GVHD. Chronic GVHD was positively associated with HLA-A9 (P = 0.01) and A23 (P = 0.0292) and negatively with HLA-A2 (P = 0.0031) and B53 (P = 0.0116). HLA-B35 (P = 0.0373), B49 (P = 0.0155) and B55 (P = 0.0024) were higher in patients with acute GVHD grade 3 or above, than in other patients. In patients with extensive chronic GVHD, HLA-A9 (P = 0.0004), A24 (P = 0.0059) and A26 (P = 0.0411) were higher than in other patients, while HLA-A2 was lower (P = 0.0097). This study suggests that HLA can influence the incidence and severity of acute and chronic GVHD. However, a study with a better design and more patients will be needed to confirm these results.130219-2

Toxocaríase humana: inquérito soroepidemiológico no município de Campinas (SP), Brasil

The occurrence of human Toxocara infection was evaluated in three neighborhoods of the periphery of the Campinas municipality (Jardim Santa Mônica, Jardim São Marcos and Jardim Campineiro) in 1999. Forty residences and 138 residents were randomly selected by drawing lots and were submitted to a seroepidemiological survey, which included blood collection for the immunoenzymatic detection (ELISA) of anti-Toxocara antibodies and a blood count, and the application of a semi-structured questionnaire for the evaluation of epidemiological data. Significant levels of anti-Toxocara antibodies were detected in 23.9% of the 1999 samples. No significant difference in the frequency of infection according to age was observed. Environmental contamination with Toxocara eggs was observed in 12.3 and 14.0% of 57 soil samples collected in the same region in December 1998 and July 1999, respectively. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression of the data obtained from the questionnaires and of the results of the serological tests, suggest a significant influence of socioeconomic variables on the frequency of human infection with Toxocara under the conditions prevalent in the study area.Estudou-se a ocorrência de infecção humana por Toxocara em três bairros da periferia do município de Campinas (Jardim Santa Mônica, Jardim São Marcos e Jardim Campineiro). Em 1999 sortearam-se aleatoriamente 40 domicílios e 138 moradores foram submetidos a inquérito soroepidemiológico, que incluiu coleta de sangue para teste imunoenzimático (E.L.I.S.A.) visando pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Toxocara e hemograma, além de aplicação de questionário semi-estruturado para avaliação de dados de interesse epidemiológico. Observou-se presença de anticorpos anti-Toxocara em 23,9% das amostras, sem ocorrência de diferença significativa quando se considerou a idade ou sexo dos indivíduos examinados. Em 57 amostras de solo da mesma região, coletadas em dezembro de 1998 e novamente em julho de 1999, estudou-se a contaminação ambiental por ovos de Toxocara, verificando-se sua presença em, respectivamente, 12,3% e 14,0% das amostras. Análises univariada e multivariada por regressão logística dos dados obtidos a partir dos questionários e dos resultados da sorologia anti-Toxocara mostraram influência significativa de variáveis de ordem sócio-econômica na prevalência de infecção humana por Toxocara, nas condições presentes na área estudada