Identidad, emociones y participación política en el movimiento estudiantil Chileno

105 p.La participación política, como acción colectiva en movimientos sociales, puede ser motivada tanto por factores instrumentales como emocionales, que han sido estudiados como vías distintas. El presente estudio fue llevado a cabo en una muestra de estudiantes de diferentes carreras de la Universidad de Talca, para analizar el grado de la relación entre la identidad colectiva politizada, el posicionamiento político, y las emociones, sobre la intención de participación y participación política. Los análisis de estadísticos descriptivos, correlaciones, y fiabilidad y validez, revelaron que tanto la identidad politizada como la intención de participación no violenta, influencian directamente la participación política no violenta. Asimismo, la participación política no violenta, junto a la intención de participación violenta y emociones positivas frente a los actos de protesta, explican en gran medida la participación violenta ejercida por un sujeto en la acción colectiva dentro de un movimiento social. Los resultados además muestran que los sujetos de posicionamiento político de izquierda, que al mismo tiempo comparten las demandas del movimiento social, experimentan más emociones negativas y positivas, lo cual se asoció con una mayor intención de participación no violenta.Palabras clave: Movimiento Estudiantil, Movimientos Sociales, Acción Colectiva, Participación Política, Intención de Participación, Emociones Negativas, Emociones Positivas, Identidad Politizada

Análisis de la condición funcional en personas que practican running y trail running, utilizando el FMS : estudio comparativo entre disciplinas y géneros

Tesis (Profesor de Educación Física para la Educación General Básica)El presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal, determinar la condición funcional en personas que practican las disciplinas de running y trail running. Además, se busca definir las inestabilidades musculares más comunes de ambas disciplinas, determinar que sexo posee mayores desbalances y precisar diferencias de entrenamiento. En esta investigación se utilizarán dos instrumentos de investigación, con el fin de analizar todas las variantes requeridas. En primer lugar, se utilizó un cuestionario con preguntas cerradas, que incluyó variables como: disciplina, sexo, edad, entre otros. En segundo lugar, se realizó la prueba de la sentadilla profunda, presente en el test Functional Movement ScreenTM, esta prueba fue estandarizada por la Internacional Rugby Board, y consta de 6 ítems, que serán llenados con un Sí o No, de acuerdo a lo observado. Es importante señalar, que este test es la base principal de este estudio, ya que mide los desbalances en las cadenas musculares de cada individuo. La muestra analizada correspondió a 88 personas, pertenecientes a 4 teams y clubes de running y trail running, de la Región Metropolitana. El 67% correspondió al género masculino y el 33% al femenino. Finalmente se concluyó que en la prueba de FMS, los trail running poseen un menor desbalance en las cadenas musculares que comprenden el tren inferior, mientras que los running poseen un mayor fortalecimiento de las cadenas musculares del tren superior. Por otro lado, no se encontró diferencias significativas entre el género masculino y femenino en lo que a condición funcional se refiere

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Linear vs nonlinear classification of social joint attention in autism using VR P300-based brain computer interfaces

VR P300-based BCI has proven to be a suitable method for training social attention skills in youngsters with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we present a method that could be used in such an application to identify which object the user is paying attention to in a virtual environment by means of EEG recordings only. Temporal and time-frequency features were explored. Furthermore, the prediction accuracy of linear and nonlinear classification methods was assessed and compared, along with their computational times and complexity, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) yielded the best overall performance (82%). The successful predictions and low computational times demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed solution for a VR-BCI neurorehabilitation tool

Linear vs nonlinear classification of social joint attention in autism using VR P300-based brain computer interfaces

VR P300-based BCI has proven to be a suitable method for training social attention skills in youngsters with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we present a method that could be used in such an application to identify which object the user is paying attention to in a virtual environment by means of EEG recordings only. Temporal and time-frequency features were explored. Furthermore, the prediction accuracy of linear and nonlinear classification methods was assessed and compared, along with their computational times and complexity, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) yielded the best overall performance (82%). The successful predictions and low computational times demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed solution for a VR-BCI neurorehabilitation tool

Mobilitat activa en entorns metropolitans : Bases per al planejament i gestió de la mobilitat activa a la Ribera Baixa

Projecte troncal del curs 2023/24 del Màster Universitari en Estudis Territorials i Planejament, METiPEl document s'estructura en quatre capítols més un apèndix. El primer capítol comprèn la Memòria on s'hi pot trobar el Reconeixement Territorial i socioeconòmic i la Diagnosi. El segon capítol comprèn les Debilitats, Fortaleses, Amenaces i Oportunitats de cada dimensió de la política integral de la mobilitat en l'àmbit d'estudi. El tercer capítol es dedica a l'establiment dels Criteris que hauran de guiar les polítiques de mobilitat activa. En el quart i darrer capítol es presenten les Propostes i Projectes de cada dimensió per al territori de la Ribera Baixa. Finalment a l'apèndix hi trobareu el quadernet de treball de camp amb la planificació detallada de l'exercici troncal i els pòsters amb el recull dels principals resultats de l'exercici

Efficacy and safety of the CVnCoV SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate in ten countries in Europe and Latin America (HERALD): a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 trial

Background: Additional safe and efficacious vaccines are needed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to analyse the efficacy and safety of the CVnCoV SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate. Methods: HERALD is a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 clinical trial conducted in 47 centres in ten countries in Europe and Latin America. By use of an interactive web response system and stratification by country and age group (18–60 years and ≥61 years), adults with no history of virologically confirmed COVID-19 were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive intramuscularly either two 0·6 mL doses of CVnCoV containing 12 μg of mRNA or two 0·6 mL doses of 0·9% NaCl (placebo) on days 1 and 29. The primary efficacy endpoint was the occurrence of a first episode of virologically confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 of any severity and caused by any strain from 15 days after the second dose. For the primary endpoint, the trial was considered successful if the lower limit of the CI was greater than 30%. Key secondary endpoints were the occurrence of a first episode of virologically confirmed moderate-to-severe COVID-19, severe COVID-19, and COVID-19 of any severity by age group. Primary safety outcomes were solicited local and systemic adverse events within 7 days after each dose and unsolicited adverse events within 28 days after each dose in phase 2b participants, and serious adverse events and adverse events of special interest up to 1 year after the second dose in phase 2b and phase 3 participants. Here, we report data up to June 18, 2021. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04652102, and EudraCT, 2020–003998–22, and is ongoing. Findings: Between Dec 11, 2020, and April 12, 2021, 39 680 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either CVnCoV (n=19 846) or placebo (n=19 834), of whom 19 783 received at least one dose of CVnCoV and 19 746 received at least one dose of placebo. After a mean observation period of 48·2 days (SE 0·2), 83 cases of COVID-19 occurred in the CVnCoV group (n=12 851) in 1735·29 person-years and 145 cases occurred in the placebo group (n=12 211) in 1569·87 person-years, resulting in an overall vaccine efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 of 48·2% (95·826% CI 31·0–61·4; p=0·016). Vaccine efficacy against moderate-to-severe COVID-19 was 70·7% (95% CI 42·5–86·1; CVnCoV 12 cases in 1735·29 person-years, placebo 37 cases in 1569·87 person-years). In participants aged 18–60 years, vaccine efficacy against symptomatic disease was 52·5% (95% CI 36·2–64·8; CVnCoV 71 cases in 1591·47 person-years, placebo, 136 cases in 1449·23 person-years). Too few cases occurred in participants aged 61 years or older (CVnCoV 12, placebo nine) to allow meaningful assessment of vaccine efficacy. Solicited adverse events, which were mostly systemic, were more common in CVnCoV recipients (1933 [96·5%] of 2003) than in placebo recipients (1344 [67·9%] of 1978), with 542 (27·1%) CVnCoV recipients and 61 (3·1%) placebo recipients reporting grade 3 solicited adverse events. The most frequently reported local reaction after any dose in the CVnCoV group was injection-site pain (1678 [83·6%] of 2007), with 22 grade 3 reactions, and the most frequently reported systematic reactions were fatigue (1603 [80·0%] of 2003) and headache (1541 [76·9%] of 2003). 82 (0·4%) of 19 783 CVnCoV recipients reported 100 serious adverse events and 66 (0·3%) of 19 746 placebo recipients reported 76 serious adverse events. Eight serious adverse events in five CVnCoV recipients and two serious adverse events in two placebo recipients were considered vaccination-related. None of the fatal serious adverse events reported (eight in the CVnCoV group and six in the placebo group) were considered to be related to study vaccination. Adverse events of special interest were reported for 38 (0·2%) participants in the CVnCoV group and 31 (0·2%) participants in the placebo group. These events were considered to be related to the trial vaccine for 14 (<0·1%) participants in the CVnCoV group and for five (<0·1%) participants in the placebo group. Interpretation: CVnCoV was efficacious in the prevention of COVID-19 of any severity and had an acceptable safety profile. Taking into account the changing environment, including the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, and timelines for further development, the decision has been made to cease activities on the CVnCoV candidate and to focus efforts on the development of next-generation vaccine candidates. Funding: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and CureVac