2D electrophoretic profile of Fasciola hepatica intestine proteins

Siendo la fasciolosis una infección parasitaria importante en rumiantes de muchos países y dada la alta prevalencia en humanos y animales en Cajamarca, Perú, se planteó realizar el estudio sobre el perfil de las proteínas de intestino de Fasciola hepatica con el objetivo de conocer el número de proteínas y el rango de pH de secreción/excreción de intestino del parásito que expresa mediante el método de electroforesis 2D-bidimensional. Las muestras adultas de F. hepatica se recolectaron de hígados de bovinos en el Camal Municipal de Cajamarca. Fueron trasladadas al laboratorio de Biotecnología en Sanidad Animal de la Estación Experimental Agraria Baños del Inca, INIA – Cajamarca, para su procesamiento. La corrida electroforética permitió separar 82 proteínas con diferentes pesos moleculares, enfocadas en distintos puntos isoeléctricos en un rango de pH de 6,0 a 9,4. Se concluye que mediante el análisis del gel 2D de proteínas de intestino de F. hepatica, se conocieron 84 spots de proteínas con distintos pesos moleculares, enfocadas en distintos puntos isoeléctricos en un rango de 6,0 a 9,4

Discovery of inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B contained in a natural products library from Mexican medicinal plants and fungi using a combination of enzymatic and in silico methods**

This work aimed to discover protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors from a small molecule library of natural products (NPs) derived from selected Mexican medicinal plants and fungi to find new hits for developing antidiabetic drugs. The products showing similar IC50 values to ursolic acid (UA) (positive control, IC50 = 26.5) were considered hits. These compounds were canophyllol (1), 5-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-7-methoxy-3′,4′-dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (2), 3,4-dimethoxy-2,5-phenanthrenediol (3), masticadienonic acid (4), 4′,5,6-trihydroxy-3′,7-dimethoxyflavone (5), E/Z vermelhotin (6), tajixanthone hydrate (7), quercetin-3-O-(6″-benzoyl)-β-D-galactoside (8), lichexanthone (9), melianodiol (10), and confusarin (11). According to the double-reciprocal plots, 1 was a non-competitive inhibitor, 3 a mixed-type, and 6 competitive. The chemical space analysis of the hits (IC50 < 100 μM) and compounds possessing activity (IC50 in the range of 100–1,000 μM) with the BIOFACQUIM library indicated that the active molecules are chemically diverse, covering most of the known Mexican NPs’ chemical space. Finally, a structure–activity similarity (SAS) map was built using the Tanimoto similarity index and PTP1B absolute inhibitory activity, which allows the identification of seven scaffold hops, namely, compounds 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 11. Canophyllol (1), on the other hand, is a true analog of UA since it is an SAR continuous zone of the SAS map

Conocimiento y prácticas alimentarias preventivas de anemia ferropénica gestacional. Puesto de Salud Chontapaccha. Cajamarca, 2020

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la relación que existe entre nivel de conocimiento y las prácticas alimentarias preventivas de anemia ferropénica gestacional en mujeres atendidas en el Puesto de Salud Chontapaccha. Cajamarca, 2020. Material y métodos: estudio de tipo descriptivo correlacional, diseño no experimental, de corte transversal, realizada en una muestra de 80 gestantes, la técnica de recolección de datos fue la encuesta y el instrumento, un cuestionario. Resultados: 56,2% perteneció al grupo etario de 18 a 29 años, 44% con estudios secundarios, 72,5% es ama de casa, 82,5% estado civil conviviente, 51,2% conoce sobre prevención de anemia ferropénica y 83,8% tiene una práctica alimentaria inadecuada. Finalmente se concluyó que existe relación significativa entre conocimiento y prácticas alimentarias preventivas de anemia ferropénica al hallarse un valor p = 0,043

Desarrollo de estacas de Prunus salicina injertadas in situ en diferentes sustratos con lombrihumus

The objective of this study was to determine the effect ofsubstrates with lombrihumus on the development of plumbcuttings growing in a nursery. Sections of Prunus salicina var.Mariana 2624 were grafted on con P. salicina var. Methleyand planted on substrates containing lombrihumus. Thework was conducted at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences,UNAM, México, under fi eld conditions, from December2002 to January 2003. A completely randomized wasemployed, with factorial arrangement with four treatmentsand four replications. The factors studied were the time ofcutting and grafting and the different types of substrates.The variables measured were plant length, cutting diameter,number of internodes, percent successful grafting, number ofleaves per plant, leaf area, perimeter and length. The opticaltime for cutting preparation and grafting in situ under fi eldconditions in Toluca, México, was January. The largestgrafting success was obtained with susbtrate composed of20% peat (azolve soil), 30% perlite, and 50% lombrihumus.With this technology, fully developed plumb plants can beobtained in nine months.El objetivodel presente trabajo fue determinar el efecto de sustratoscon lombrihumus en el desarrollo de plántulas de ciruelo envivero. Se estacaron e injertaron in situ secciones de Prunussalicina var. Mariana 2624 con P. salicina var. Methleysembrados en sustratos de lombrihumus. El trabajo se realizóen la Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas de la UniversidadAutónoma del Estado de México en condiciones de campo,de diciembre de 2002 a enero de 2003. Se empleó un diseñoexperimental completamente aleatorizado con arreglo bifactorialcon cuatro tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Losfactores en estudio fueron época de estacado e injertación ydiferentes tipos de sustratos. Las variables en estudio fueron:longitud de planta, diámetro del tallo, número de nudos,porcentaje de prendimiento, número de hojas por planta, áreafoliar, perímetro y longitud de la hoja. La fecha óptima parala realización de estacado e injertación in situ en condicionesde campo para Toluca, México, fue en enero. El mayor porcentajede prendimiento se observó con el sustrato formadopor: 20% de turba (suelo de azolve), 30% de perlita, 50%de lombrihumus. Mediante esta tecnología se obtuvieronplantas de ciruelo (P. salicina var. Methley) en nueve meses

Antinociceptive Effect of an Aqueous Extract and Essential Oil from Baccharis heterophylla

Infusions and poultices prepared from the aerial parts of Baccharis heterophylla Kunth (Asteraceae) are widely used in Oaxaca (Mexico) for relieving painful and inflammatory complaints. Therefore, the antinociceptive potential of an aqueous extract (31.6–316 mg/kg, p.o.) and essential oil (30–177 µg/paw, i.pl.) of the plant was assessed using the formalin test. Both preparations inhibited the formalin-induced nociception response (100–316 mg/kg and 100–177 µg/paw, respectively) during the test’s second phase. Chemical analysis of the aqueous extract revealed that the major active components were chlorogenic acid (1), 3,4-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid (2), 3,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid (3), 4,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid (4), 3,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (5), apigenin (6), genkwanin (7), acacetin (8). Compounds 1–5 and 8 are new for B. heterophylla. A high-pressure liquid chromatographic method for quantifying chlorogenic acid (1) and di-caffeoylquinic acids 2–4 in the plant was developed and validated. Analyses of the essential oil and the headspace solid-phase microextraction products, via gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry, revealed that the major volatiles were β-pinene, myrcene, D-limonene, β-caryophyllene, and α-caryophyllene, which have demonstrated antinociceptive properties

Development of Prunus salicina cuttings grafted in situ in different susbtrates containing lombrihumus.

El objetivodel presente trabajo fue determinar el efecto de sustratoscon lombrihumus en el desarrollo de plántulas de ciruelo envivero. Se estacaron e injertaron in situ secciones de Prunussalicina var. Mariana 2624 con P. salicina var. Methleysembrados en sustratos de lombrihumus. El trabajo se realizóen la Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas de la UniversidadAutónoma del Estado de México en condiciones de campo,de diciembre de 2002 a enero de 2003. Se empleó un diseñoexperimental completamente aleatorizado con arreglo bifactorialcon cuatro tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Losfactores en estudio fueron época de estacado e injertación ydiferentes tipos de sustratos. Las variables en estudio fueron:longitud de planta, diámetro del tallo, número de nudos,porcentaje de prendimiento, número de hojas por planta, áreafoliar, perímetro y longitud de la hoja. La fecha óptima parala realización de estacado e injertación in situ en condicionesde campo para Toluca, México, fue en enero. El mayor porcentajede prendimiento se observó con el sustrato formadopor: 20% de turba (suelo de azolve), 30% de perlita, 50%de lombrihumus. Mediante esta tecnología se obtuvieronplantas de ciruelo (P. salicina var. Methley) en nueve meses.The objective of this study was to determine the effect ofsubstrates with lombrihumus on the development of plumbcuttings growing in a nursery. Sections of Prunus salicina var.Mariana 2624 were grafted on con P. salicina var. Methleyand planted on substrates containing lombrihumus. Thework was conducted at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences,UNAM, México, under fi eld conditions, from December2002 to January 2003. A completely randomized wasemployed, with factorial arrangement with four treatmentsand four replications. The factors studied were the time ofcutting and grafting and the different types of substrates.The variables measured were plant length, cutting diameter,number of internodes, percent successful grafting, number ofleaves per plant, leaf area, perimeter and length. The opticaltime for cutting preparation and grafting in situ under fi eldconditions in Toluca, México, was January. The largestgrafting success was obtained with susbtrate composed of20% peat (azolve soil), 30% perlite, and 50% lombrihumus.With this technology, fully developed plumb plants can beobtained in nine months

4-Phenylcoumarin (4-PC) Glucoside from Exostema caribaeum as Corrosion Inhibitor in 3% NaCl Saturated with CO2 in AISI 1018 Steel: Experimental and Theoretical Study

The corrosion inhibition of 5-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-7-methoxy-3′,4′-dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (4-PC) in AISI 1018 steel immersed in 3% NaCl + CO2 was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that, at just 10 ppm, 4-PC exerted protection against corrosion with ղ = 90% and 97% at 100 rpm. At static conditions, the polarization curves indicated that, at 5 ppm, the inhibitor presented anodic behavior, while at 10 and 50 ppm, there was a cathodic-type inhibitor. The inhibitor adsorption was demonstrated to be chemisorption, according to the Langmuir isotherm for 100 and 500 rpm. By means of SEM–EDS, the corrosion inhibition was demonstrated, as well as the fact that the organic compound was effective for up to 72 h of immersion. At static conditions, dispersion-corrected density functional theory results reveal that the chemical bonds established by the phenyl group of 4-PC are responsible of the chemisorption on the steel surface. According with Fukui reactivity indices, the molecules adsorbed on the metal surface provide a protective cover against nucleophilic and electrophilic attacks, pointing to the corrosion inhibition properties of 4-PC

α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Vauquelinia corymbosa

The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of an aqueous extract and compounds from the aerial parts of V. corymbosa was demonstrated with yeast and rat small intestinal α-glucosidases. The aqueous extract inhibited yeast α-glucosidase with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 28.6 μg/mL. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract led to the isolation of several compounds, including one cyanogenic glycoside [prunasin (1)], five flavonoids [(−)-epi-catechin (2), hyperoside (3), isoquercetin (4), quercitrin (5) and quercetin-3-O-(6′′-benzoyl)-β-galactoside (6)] and two simple aromatic compounds [picein (7) and methylarbutin (8)]. The most active compound was 6 with IC50 values of 30 μM in the case of yeast α-glucosidase, and 437 μM in the case of the mammalian enzyme. According to the kinetic analyses performed with rat and yeast enzymes, this compound behaved as mixed-type inhibitor; the calculated inhibition constants (Ki) were 212 and 50 μM, respectively. Molecular docking analyses with yeast and mammalian α-glucosidases revealed that compound 6 bind differently to these enzymes. Altogether, the results of this work suggest that preparations of V. corymbosa might delay glucose absorption in vivo