The normative aspects of the brazilian public debt

The purpose of this paper is to present the normative acts about the public debt, especially the Public Responsibility Law that was issued to institute a surveillance tool over the results, as well as to discipline public planning and expenditure, providing tools to penalize public managers. We aimed to interpret the current legislations about governmental budget and analyzing both regulations. We pointed that Brazil ended 2015 with a debt comprising 66.23% of its GDP. Thus, it requires attention of public managers, once there are legal limits for public indebtedness for Municipalities and States, but not for the Federal Government. The methodology known as indirect documentation was applied for theoretical fundamentation – bibliographic research (documental and bibliography research). For the general review were used secondary data available in books, specialized websites and laws and regulations.In Romania, the indebtedness level represented 39.6% of the GDP in 2014, in Brazil 57.19%. The Treaty of Maastricht in 1992, stipulated the limit of 60% of the GDP for the Euro Zone countries. Nevertheless the debt represented 91.9% of the GDP, especially due to Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain and France. The Brazilian fiscal responsibility law has been developed from the experience of the tax laws of the United States and New Zealand . It is a reinterpretation of the applicable rules the Brazilian public debt compared with the limits set for the countries of the eurozone

BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT NOTATION FOR A COSTING MODEL CONCEPTION

This study was conducted to map and model the business processes of the HEI (Higher Education Institutions). It aims to show the importance of business processes modelling as a precondition for information system design. It shows the concepts of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) and its update, the TDABC (Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing), to support the development of a costing system for public universities. For the modelling of business processes, it was used the BPMN (Business Process Management Notation). It can be conclude that public processes implemented in public services are both complex and bureaucratic, mainly due to regulations. A bidding procedure of acquisition materials or services demand eight sectors activities. The contribution of this study is to present how a  business process modelling should be applied to public service for the optimization of resources. This research presents the normal flow of bids, but in practice there is some variation

Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

There is no specific antiviral therapy recommended for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In vitro studies indicate that the antiviral effect of chloroquine diphosphate (CQ) requires a high concentration of the drug.To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 2 CQ dosages in patients with severe COVID-19. This parallel, double-masked, randomized, phase IIb clinical trial with 81 adult patients who were hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was conducted from March 23 to April 5, 2020, at a tertiary care facility in Manaus, Brazilian Amazon. - Patients were allocated to receive high-dosage CQ (ie, 600 mg CQ twice daily for 10 days) or low-dosage CQ (ie, 450 mg twice daily on day 1 and once daily for 4 days). - Label: Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcome was reduction in lethality by at least 50% in the high-dosage group compared with the low-dosage group. Data presented here refer primarily to safety and lethality outcomes during treatment on day 13. Secondary end points included participant clinical status, laboratory examinations, and electrocardiogram results. Outcomes will be presented to day 28. Viral respiratory secretion RNA detection was performed on days 0 and 4. Out of a predefined sample size of 440 patients, 81 were enrolled (41 [50.6%] to high-dosage group and 40 [49.4%] to low-dosage group). Enrolled patients had a mean (SD) age of 51.1 (13.9) years, and most (60 [75.3%]) were men. Older age (mean [SD] age, 54.7 [13.7] years vs 47.4 [13.3] years) and more heart disease (5 of 28 [17.9%] vs 0) were seen in the high-dose group. Viral RNA was detected in 31 of 40 (77.5%) and 31 of 41 (75.6%) patients in the low-dosage and high-dosage groups, respectively. Lethality until day 13 was 39.0% in the high-dosage group (16 of 41) and 15.0% in the low-dosage group (6 of 40). The high-dosage group presented more instance of QTc interval greater than 500 milliseconds (7 of 37 [18.9%]) compared with the low-dosage group (4 of 36 [11.1%]). Respiratory secretion at day 4 was negative in only 6 of 27 patients (22.2%). - Label: Conclusions and Relevance The preliminary findings of this study suggest that the higher CQ dosage should not be recommended for critically ill patients with COVID-19 because of its potential safety hazards, especially when taken concurrently with azithromycin and oseltamivir. These findings cannot be extrapolated to patients with nonsevere COVID-19

A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states

The normative aspects of the brazilian public debt

The purpose of this paper is to present the normative acts about the public debt, especially the Public Responsibility Law that was issued to institute a surveillance tool over the results, as well as to discipline public planning and expenditure, providing tools to penalize public managers. We aimed to interpret the current legislations about governmental budget and analyzing both regulations. We pointed that Brazil ended 2015 with a debt comprising 66.23% of its GDP. Thus, it requires attention of public managers, once there are legal limits for public indebtedness for Municipalities and States, but not for the Federal Government. The methodology known as indirect documentation was applied for theoretical fundamentation – bibliographic research (documental and bibliography research). For the general review were used secondary data available in books, specialized websites and laws and regulations.In Romania, the indebtedness level represented 39.6% of the GDP in 2014, in Brazil 57.19%. The Treaty of Maastricht in 1992, stipulated the limit of 60% of the GDP for the Euro Zone countries. Nevertheless the debt represented 91.9% of the GDP, especially due to Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain and France. The Brazilian fiscal responsibility law has been developed from the experience of the tax laws of the United States and New Zealand . It is a reinterpretation of the applicable rules the Brazilian public debt compared with the limits set for the countries of the eurozone

Life quality, depression and anxiety symptoms in chronic post-traumatic headache after mild brain injury

ABSTRACT Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is the most common symptom found in the post-traumatic syndrome, whose onset occurs within seven days of the trauma. The condition is characterized as acute when it persists for up to 3 months. PTH beyond this period is considered chronic. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the clinical features of chronic post-traumatic headache (cPTH) and its association with depression, anxiety and quality of life. Methods: A total of 73 female subjects were evaluated. Patients were divided into three groups: (a) group without headache, CONTROL, n=25; (b) cPTH group, n=19; and (c) MIGRAINE, n=29, with all subjects in the 11-84 year age group. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were evaluated by the Beck inventories of anxiety and depression, and quality of life assessed by the Lipp and Rocha quality of life inventory. Qualitative variables were analyzed using the Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests and expressed as percentages whereas quantitative variables were analyzed by ANOVA, Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis tests with data expressed as mean±standard deviation, p<0.05. Results: Subjects with cPTH presented with headache manifesting similar features to those found in migraine. The cPTH group was associated with similar levels of anxiety and depression to the migraine group and higher than the CONTROL (p<0.001). Quality of life of individuals with cPTH was similar to that of subjects with migraine and lower than CONTROL subjects (p<0.05). Conclusions: cPTH presents similar clinical characteristics to migraine. Subjects with cPTH had high levels of anxiety and depression symptoms and reduced quality of life