Birth weight is related with bone mineral content in adulthood: results of ELSA-Brasil

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between birth weight and BMC, and whether this relationship differs between men and women. METHODS: A total of 10,159 participants from the ELSA-Brasil cohort were eligible for this analysis. The outcome was the Z-score of the ratio BMC (Kg)/height (m). The exposure was the low birth weight (< 2.5Kg). The magnitude of the associations was estimated by mean differences and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) using linear regression. All analyses were presented for the total population and stratified by sex. RESULTS: Most were women (54.98%), and the mean age was 52.72 years (SD ± 6.6). In the crude model, we observed that low birth weight was associated with a lower mean BMC/height z-score, compared to adequate birth weight (mean difference: -0.30; 95%CI: -0.39 to -0.21), and this effect was stronger in men (mean difference: -0.43; 95%CI: -0.56 to -0.30) than in women (mean difference: -0.31; 95%CI: -0.44 to -0.19). After adjusting for age, sex per total population, race/skin color, maternal education, individual education, and current weight, there was a considerable reduction in the magnitude of the association (total population: -0.10; 95%CI: -0.14 to -0.06; men: -0.13; 95%CI: -0.21 to -0.06; women: -0.13; 95%CI: -0.21 to -0.05). CONCLUSION: Low birth weight is related to BMC/height z-score in both sexes with no indication of differences by sex. The magnitude of the associations was attenuated after adjustment for the current weight

Association of social factors and health conditions with capacity and performance

OBJECTIVE Determine and measure the association of social factors and health conditions with worse capacity and performance levels. METHODS Dependent variables consisted of performance and capacity; independent variables comprised age, gender, level of education, personal income, and health conditions. Means (95%CI) of performance and capacity were presented according to the independent variables. Generalized linear models, using a mutual adjustment for all variables considered statistically significant (p < 0.05), measured the associations between each exposure and outcomes. Study population included 12,265 individuals. RESULTS Older women with lower education and income levels and with some health condition showed the worst performance and capacity. CONCLUSION Results showed that the capacity and performance levels of the Chilean population changed according to social demographic characteristics and health conditions

Inconsistency of association between coffee consumption and cognitive function in adults and elderly in a cross-sectional study (ELSA-Brasil)

Abstract: Background: Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide and the effect on cognition appears to be task specific and vary by age. Method: In cohort of 14,563 public service workers (35–74 years old) we assessed coffee consumption habits and examined cognitive function using standardized neuropsychological test battery. By linear regression and generalize linear regression with logarithmic link and gamma distribution we investigated the relation of coffee consumption (never/almost never, ¤1 cup/day, 2–3 cups/day, ¥3 cups/day) in the last 12 months to performance on specific domains of cognition for adults and elderly separately. Results: Among elderly, after adjustments, coffee consumption was associated only with an increase in the mean words remembered on learning, recall, and word recognition tests when comparing the 2–3 cups/day to never/almost never category (arithmetic mean ratio (AMR): 1.03; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.00 to 1.07), and to an increase in the mean words pronounced in semantic verbal fluency test when comparing the ¥3 cups/day to never/almost never category (difference of the mean: 1.23; 95% CI: 0.16 to 2.29). However, coffee consumption was not associated with any cognitive function tests in adults and also was not associated with the phonemic verbal fluency test and trail-making test B in elderly. Conclusions: Results suggest that coffee consumption might be slightly beneficial to memory in elderly but lacks a dose response relationship. Longitudinal analyses are needed to investigate possible, even if subtle, positive effects of coffee drinking on specific cognitive domains in elderly

Analysis of Risk Factors in Occupational Accidents in Brazil: A Population-Based Study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of occupational risks factors, including specific work characteristics with the occurrence of accidents at workplace and on the way to work in Brazil. METHODS: We used a cross-sectional study design with comparison groups, to inquire data from 47,629 participants of the Brazilian National Health Survey. Logistic regression analysis was performed for distinct multivariate models. RESULTS: Exposure to intense noise, biological materials, work experience of 40 years or more, and intense physical exertion were significantly associated with accidents at work. Regarding to accidents on the way to work, exposure to intense noise and performing work activities that require intense physical exertion remained associated. CONCLUSION: This study contributes to highlight the effects of multiple work-related risk factors on the occurrence of occupational accidents at the workplace and on the way to work in Brazil

Body fat assessment by bioelectrical impedance and its correlation with different anatomical sites used in the measurement of waist circumference in children

OBJECTIVE: To compare the different anatomical sites used in the measurement of waist circumference, as well as the effectiveness of these landmarks to predict the percentage of body fat by tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analysis. METHODS: We evaluated 205 children from 6 to 9 years of age of both sexes. Data on weight, height and waist circumference were collected at three different sites: at the lower abdominal curvature, above the navel and at the midpoint between the last rib and the iliac crest. Nutritional status was assessed through the body mass index (BMI)/age as recommended by the World Health Organization. RESULTS: The sample was considered homogeneous in terms of sex, and the mean age was 7.2±1.2 years. Regarding nutritional status, 6.3% of the children had low weight, 75.1% were eutrophic, 7.3% were overweight, and 11.2% were obese. Among males, there was no statistical difference between the different sites of measurement; in females, the measurement above the navel was statistically higher. In the correlation analysis, the midpoint measurement showed the best correlation with percentage of body fat, with values of 0.50 in boys and 0.62 in girls. CONCLUSION: Waist circumference measured at the midpoint between the last rib and the iliac crest presented the best correlation with percentage of body fat.OBJETIVO: Comparar os diferentes pontos anatômicos de medida da circunferência da cintura, bem como a eficácia desses locais em predizer o percentual de gordura corporal mensurado pela bioimpedância elétrica tetrapolar. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 205 crianças de 6 a 9 anos de idade de ambos os sexos. Foram coletados dados de peso, estatura e circunferência da cintura em três locais diferentes: na menor curvatura abdominal, sobre a cicatriz umbilical e no ponto médio entre a última costela e crista ilíaca. A avaliação do estado nutricional foi realizada a partir do índice de massa corporal/idade recomendado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. RESULTADOS: No presente estudo houve homogeneidade entre os sexos, e a idade média foi de 7,2±1,2 anos. Em relação ao estado nutricional, 6,3% das crianças apresentaram baixo peso, 75,1% eram eutróficas, 7,3% apresentaram sobrepeso e 11,2% obesidade. No sexo masculino não houve diferença estatística entre os diferentes locais de medida. No feminino, a medida sobre a cicatriz umbilical foi estatisticamente maior. Na análise de correlação, a circunferência medida no ponto médio foi a que obteve melhor correlação com o percentual de gordura corporal, com valores de 0,50 nos meninos e 0,62 nas meninas. CONCLUSÃO: A circunferência da cintura medida no ponto médio entre a crista ilíaca e ultima costela foi a que apresentou melhor correlação com o percentual de gordura corporal.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Federal de ViçosaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UFVUNIFESPUNIFESPSciEL

Association between diabetes and cognitive function at baseline in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA- Brasil)

Diabetes has been associated with cognitive changes and an increased risk of vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, but it is unclear whether there are associations between diabetes and early alterations in cognitive performance. The present study consisted of a cross-section analysis of 14,444 participants aged 35–74 years and from a developing country at baseline in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA–Brasil); these participants were recruited between 2008 and 2010. We investigated whether there was an association between diabetes and early changes in the cognitive performance of this Brazilian population. To assess cognitive domains, we used the word-list learning, word-list delayed recall and word recognition tests along. Phonemic verbal fuency tests included semantic phonemic test (animals) and a phonemic test (words beginning with the letter F). Executive functions associated with attention, concentration and psychomotor speed were evaluated using the Trail Making Test B. The exposure variable in the study was defned as diabetes. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the association between diabetes and cognitive performance. The results were adjusted for age, sex, education, hypertension, coronary disease, depression, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and the cholesterol/HDL-C ratio. We found a signifcant association between diabetes and decreased memory, language and executive function (attention, concentration and psychomotor speed) performance in this population from a country with a distinct epidemiological profle, even after adjusting for the main intervening variables

Impairments, health conditions and health risk behaviors: occurrence and associations, in the National Health Survey, Brazil, 2019

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze association of visual, hearing, mental/intellectual, physical and multiple impairments with health conditions and health risk behaviors in Brazil. Methods This was a cross-sectional study, using data from the 2019 National Health Survey; associations between impairments and presence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), high cholesterol, alcohol abuse and smoking were estimated using logistic regression, thus obtaining the odds ratios (OR). Results Impairment was reported by 7.6% of the 90,846 participants. Having a impairment was associated with greater odds of reporting chronic conditions, especially CVD (OR = 2.11; 95%CI 1.76;2.54) and DM (OR = 1.78; 95%CI 1.56;2.02 ); visual impairment was associated with greater odds of smoking (OR = 1.52; 95%CI 1.28;1.81); mental/intellectual impairment was inversely related to smoking (OR = 0.45; 95%CI 0.30;0.67) and alcohol abuse (OR = 0.13; 95%CI 0.06;0.26). Conclusion Having any of the impairments studied may be associated with greater odds of having chronic health conditions

Epicardial fat volume is associated with endothelial dysfunction, but not with coronary calcification : from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Fundamento O aumento no volume de gordura epicárdica (VGE) está relacionado com doença arterial coronariana (DAC), independentemente de gordura visceral ou subcutânea. O mecanismo dessa associação não é claro. O escore de cálcio coronariano (CC) e a disfunção endotelial estão relacionados com eventos coronarianos, mas não está bem esclarecido se o VGE está relacionado com esses marcadores. Objetivos Avaliar a associação entre VGE medido por método automatizado, fatores de risco cardiovasculares, escore de CC, e função endotelial. Métodos: Em 470 participantes do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto LSA-Brasil com medidas de VGE, escore de CC e função endotelial, realizamos modelos multivariados para avaliar a relação entre fatore de risco cardiovascular e VGE (variável resposta), e entre VGE (variável explicativa), e função endotelial ou escore de CC. Valor de p0. Conclusion: Higher EFV was associated with impaired endothelial function, but not with CAC. The results suggest that EFV is related to the development of CAD through a pathway different from the CAC pathway, possibly through aggravation of endothelial dysfunction and microvascular disease

Food supplement for elderly: effects on parameters of anthropometric and dietary

A população da América Latina, assim como a brasileira vem envelhecendo em ritmo crescente, principalmente nas últimas décadas. Os idosos constituem-se em grupo de risco de carência de macro e micronutrientes, pois, frequentemente, apresentam dificuldades na manutenção da ingestão energética e de nutrientes pela alimentação balanceada. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: comparar a classificação nutricional da Mini Avaliação Nutricional (MAN) com a do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC); e avaliar o efeito nutricional de um suplemento alimentar nos parâmetros antropométricos e dietéticos em idosos. Primeiramente, aplicou-se a MAN, e aferiu-se peso e estatura para o cálculo do IMC, sendo este comparado a dois pontos e corte presentes na literatura. O estudo foi realizado com 33 idosos institucionalizado, sendo 17 homens e 16 mulheres, com média e desvio padrão de 74 + 8,3 anos. Na classificação nutricional pela MAN, temos o maior percentual de casos de risco nutricional nas mulheres 50,00% (n-=8) e 41,18% (n=7) nos homens, sendo que não houve desnutrição em ambos os sexos. Na classificação de acordo com o IMC, duas (12,50%) mulheres estavam desnutridas, oito (50,00%) eutróficas, seis (37,50%) com excesso de peso. Já os homens, quatro (23,53%), cinco (29,41%), oito (47,06%), respectivamente. Usar métodos de avaliação nutricional que classifiquem os indivíduos como eutróficos, quando a MAN os classificam em risco nutricional pode promover o agravamento da desnutrição, além de atrasar o início de uma intervenção que poderia ter sido precoce. A MAN foi, portanto, mais sensível para detectar risco de desnutrição do que o IMC somente. Posteriormente ofereceu 30g do suplemento alimentar por 84 dias, uma vez ao dia, diluído em suco de frutas. Avaliou sua eficácia por meio dos parâmetros antropométricos (antes e após a suplementação), como, o índice de massa corporal (IMC), a circunferência da cintura (CC), a circunferência do abdômen (CA), a circunferência da panturrilha (CP), a circunferência do braço (CB), a dobra cutânea triciptal (DCT), a circunferência muscular do braço (CMB), a resistência (R), a reatância (Xc), a massa livre de gordura (MLG), a gordura corporal (GC), o percentual de gordura corporal (%GC) e o ângulo de fase (AFº); por meio do consumo alimentar no qual utilizou-se três períodos de registro alimentar, sendo, antes, durante (40 dias) e após a suplementação (84 dias); e pelo nível de atividade física (antes de após a suplementação). A mediana de consumo do suplemento alimentar foi de 28,2g/dia (10,7-30,0g/dia). Observaram-se valores superiores do AFº e da Xc nas mulheres que consumiram acima de 28,2 g/dia, sendo estes indicadores da saúde da membrana celular e de estado geral de saúde. Verificou-se que o suplemento alimentar por fornecer proteína e fibras alimentares, foi importante para retardar a perda de massa muscular que é progressiva e fisiológica, e adequou a ingestão de fibras alimentares que era deficiente. Este suplemento deve ser indicado para idosos, principalmente de saúde fragilizada, pois além de adequar o consumo de macronutrientes e melhorar a de micronutrientes, melhora a saúde da membrana celular, esta fundamental para o bom funcionamento fisiológico e imunológico do organismo.The population of Latin America and Brazil has been getting older, especially in recent decades. The elderly are in a risk group of deficiency of macro and micronutrients, therefore, often have difficulties in the balance of nutrition of energy and nutrient intake. The objectives of this study were to compare the nutritional classification of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MAN) with the Body Mass Index (BMI) and to evaluate the effect of a nutritional food supplement on anthropometric and dietary parameters in the elderly. First, we applied the MAN, Body weight and height to calculate BMI, which is compared to two classifications in the literature. The study was conducted with 33 institutionalized elderly, including 17 men and 16 women, mean and standard deviation of 74 + 8.3 years. In nutritional classification by MAN, we have the highest percentage of cases of nutritional risk in women 50.00% (n-= 8) and 41.18% (n = 7) in men. There was no undernutrition in either sex. In the classification according to BMI, two (12.50%) women were undernourished, eight (50.00%) with normal weight, and six (37.50%) were overweight. As for the men, the results were four (23.53%), five (29.41%), eight (47.06%), respectively. Using nutritional assessment methods that classify individuals as normal weight, when the MAN classified them at nutritional risk, may promote worsening of undernutrition, in addition to delaying the start of an intervention. The MAN was therefore more sensitive for detecting risk of undernutrition than BMI alone. Subsequently the subjects were offered 30g of dietary supplement for 84 days, once a day, diluted in fruit juice. Its effectiveness was evaluated by anthropometric parameters (before and after supplementation) of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), calf circumference (CC), arm circumference (AC), triceps skinfold thickness (TST), arm muscle circumference (AMB), resistance (R), reactance (Xc), fat free mass (FFM), body fat (BF), percentage body fat (%BF), and phase angle (PA) and also by three times on the register of food consumption which was used before, during (40 days) and after supplementation (84 days) and the physical activity level (before and after supplementation). The median consumption of the supplement was 28.2 g/day (10.7 to 30.0 g/day). We observed higher values of AF ° and Xc in women who consumed up to 28.2 g/day, along with these health indicators of the cell membrane and general good health. It was found that the dietary supplement to provide protein and dietary fiber, it was important to the loss of muscle mass that is progressive and physiological, has adapted the intake of dietary fiber that was deficient. This supplement should be recommended for the elderly, especially those in poor health, as well as adequate intake of macronutrients and micronutrients to improve the health of the cell membrane. This is essential for proper physiological functioning and the body's immune system

Birth weight is related with bone mineral content in adulthood: results of ELSA-Brasil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between birth weight and bone mineral content (BMC), and whether this relationship differs between men and women. METHODS A total of 10,159 participants from the ELSA-Brasil cohort were eligible for this analysis. The outcome was the z-score of the ratio BMC (kg)/height (m). The exposure was the low birth weight (< 2.5kg). The magnitude of the associations was estimated by mean differences and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) using linear regression. All analyses were presented for the total population and stratified by sex. RESULTS Most were women (54.98%), and the mean age was 52.72 years (SD ± 6.6). In the crude model, we observed that low birth weight was associated with a lower mean BMC/height z-score, compared to adequate birth weight (mean difference: −0.30; 95%CI: −0.39 to −0.21), and this effect was stronger in men (mean difference: −0.43; 95%CI: −0.56 to −0.30) than in women (mean difference: −0.31; 95%CI: −0.44 to −0.19). After adjusting for age, sex per total population, race/skin color, maternal education, individual education, and current weight, there was a considerable reduction in the magnitude of the association (total population: −0.10; 95%CI: −0.14 to −0.06; men: −0.13; 95%CI: −0.21 to −0.06; women: −0.13; 95%CI: −0.21 to −0.05). CONCLUSION Low birth weight is related to BMC/height z-score in both sexes with no indication of differences by sex. The magnitude of the associations was attenuated after adjustment for the current weight