Fuentes mantelicas y evolucion del volcanismo canario

A total of 74 samples of canarian volcanic rocks allows to show the variability of the magmatism. Isotopic relationships (Pb, Sr and Nd) limits the magmatic reservoirs to HIMU and EM2. The existence of sediments in the canarian crust would explain the contamination processes existing in some islands. The chondritic REE pattern indicates a fractional crystallization process for the canarian magmatic sequence, chemical changes observed in some basic rocks could be related to contamination processes.Una selección de 74 muestras de rocas volcánicas de las islas Canarias se ha utilizado para delimitar la variabilidad de los magmas canarios. Relaciones isotópicas de Pb, Sr y Nd situan las fuentes magmáticas como una mezcla de HIMU y EM2. La presencia de una corteza con un grosor variable de sedimentos explicaría el proceso de contaminación observable en algunas islas. El modelo condrítico de tierras raras indicaría un proceso de diferenciación magmática por cristalización fraccionada como el más apropiado para la secuencia magmática canaria. Algunos cambios composicionales observados en rocas básicas pueden estar en relación con procesos de contaminación

The impact of campus bullying on EEGAFI senior high school students’ academic performance

This study describes and analyzes the campus bullying experiences of senior high school students, their problems encountered, their emotional struggles, their coping strategies and even their insights and realizations that would be useful in making interventions in the future. Questions were given to scrutinize their experiences through Google forms platform which they have to choose an option from the Likert scale correspondingly. Findings from this study lead to a better understanding of campus bullying, encouraging school administrators, guidance consultants, class advisers, and subject teachers to develop policies to address the phenomenon of school bullying. Responding to bullying respectfully increases student motivation to learn and ultimately improves academic performance

Detection of displacements on Tenerife Island, Canaries, using radar interferometry

Tenerife is one of the most well monitored islands of the Canaries, but the surveillance generally is centred on Las Canadas Caldera, where the Teide volcano is located. In the last 180 000 yr, the eruptions on Tenerife Island have never occurred in the same volcanic structure, except for the Teide and Pico Viejo central volcanic system, so that a complete monitoring network would have to cover the whole island. As a result, Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) is being used on Tenerife, because this space technique can provide a displacement map of the surface of the earth with centimetre precision. This paper presents the results obtained on Tenerife Island using 18 SAR images acquired by the ERS-1 and ERS-2 satellites during the period 1992-2000. Two important results have been obtained: no deformation on Las Canadas Caldera, coinciding with results obtained using terrestrial techniques, and two subsidence episodes outside monitoring areas in the NW of the island, in the region of the last historic eruptions. These results show that InSAR is a useful technique for monitoring the entire island, thus allowing us to discover deformations in areas that are not routinely or easily monitored. This technique has been used in combination with Global Positioning System (GPS) observation of a global network on the island to define a new geodetic monitoring system. The possible causes of the deformations observed have been studied in an endeavour to discern if they might be of natural origin, in particular linked to a reactivation of prior volcanic activity. Examination of the geophysical observations on the island, human activities underway and the results of the modelling seem to indicate that at least part of the deformations may be caused by changes in the groundwater level and therefore are not linked to a volcanic reactivation. This result is important because it implies that, if geodetic volcano monitoring is to be performed on the island, the system used must be capable of discerning between various possible origins of the deformation by analysing their patterns and ancillary information from other sources. In this regard, InSAR is a basic tool on account of its unpaired wide area coverage and spatial density

Incorporation of calcium in glasses: a key to understand the vitrification of sewage sludge

The quantity of sewage sludge generated daily by wastewater treatment plants represents a major environmental problem and a financial burden for plant operators. Valorization strategies focusing on reusing sewage sludge as a raw material are currently developed. Vitrification can help us reduce the volume of waste and binds the components in the structure of chemically stable glasses and glass‐ceramics. In this study, the vitrification of sewage sludge inside a basaltic rock has been simulated by producing glasses and a glass‐ceramic from basalt enriched in calcium that lie between the stability fields of pyroxene and melilite in the system CaO‐MgO‐SiO2‐Al2O3. CaO addition causes the oxidation of the melt at above the liquidus, increases the crystallization temperature, decreases the melting temperature and improves the microhardness of the glasses Glass‐ceramic processes improves the properties of the Ca‐doped basalt glass. The microhardness of the glass (8.2 GPa) and the glass‐ceramic (8.6 GPa) and leaching tests (in the ppb range) place both the glass and the glass‐ceramics at the high end of the mechanical properties and chemical resistance of ceramic tiles for the building industry

Spain

This chapter presents a review of the situation concerning the various geomorphological hazards in the country, including some information about existing programmes for research, control and mitigation. With its great variety of climatic, geological and morphodynamic environments, Spain is subject to every kind of natural hazard: tsunamis, floods, volcanism, and mass movements. The whole of the territory is prone to some kind of geomorphological hazard but it is in the eastern and southern coastal strips that the risks are greatest. One of the main problems for the mitigation of geomorphological hazards in Spain is the lack of an appropriate regulatory framework for the incorporation of natural hazard assessments into land-use planning and management at the macro-, meso- and micro-planning levels. The coverage of hazard mapping is still far from complete or adequate, and much work remains to be done. There has been considerable diversity in the methods used for risk assessment and for the cartographic representation of natural hazards. An urgent need is to establish common, accepted methodologies and criteria, based on indicators defined as clearly as possible, and to standardize map legends and scales for different planning levels. Information programmes for the general public also need to be considerably expanded

Downscaling Climate Change Impacts, Socio-Economic Implications and Alternative Adaptation Pathways for Islands and Outermost Regions

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the future scenarios of climate change and management concerns associated with climate change impacts on the blue economy of European islands and outermost regions. The publication collects major findings of the SOCLIMPACT project’s research outcomes, aiming to raise social awareness among policy-makers and industry about climate change consequences at local level, and provide knowledge-based information to support policy design, from local to national level. This comprehensive book will also assist students, scholars and practitioners to understand, conceptualize and effectively and responsibly manage climate change information and applied research. This book provides invaluable material for Blue Growth Management, theory and application, at all levels. This first edition includes up-to-date data, statistics, references, case material and figures of the 12 islands case studies. ¨Downscaling climate change impacts, socio-economic implications and alternative adaptation pathways for Islands and Outermost Regions¨ is a must-read book, given the accessible style and breadth and depth with which the topic is dealt. The book is an up-to-date synthesis of key knowledge on this area, written by a multidisciplinary group of experts on climate and economic modelling, and policy design

Riesgos geológicos en España: estado de la cuestión

Trabajo presentado en el III Congreso geológico de España y VIII Congreso Latinoamericano de Geología, celebrado en Salamanca (España), en 1992Peer reviewe