Remifentanilo versus propofol con infusión controlada a objetivo en sitio efecto para la sedación de pacientes durante procedimientos endoscópicos gastrointestinales: ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado

Background: Target controlled infusion (TCI) for the administration of anesthesia may provide a safe alternative for managing the discomfort of patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. However, the most appropriate drug available for TCI is yet to be established. The objective of this trial was to compare remifentanil vs. propofol in TCI for sedating patients during GI endoscopy. Materials and methods: Sixty-nine patients requiring GI endoscopies were randomly distributed to receive remifentanil (n = 30) or propofol (n = 39) TCI at the effect site (e). The primary outcome was patient's satisfaction. Secondary outcomes included the gastroenterologist satisfaction, comparison of the percentage of adverse events between the two groups (occurrence of arrhythmias, major respiratory depression, bradycardia, hypotension, pain, nausea or vomiting and absence of amnesia), and the level of awareness. Retrospective registration number is NCT01746641 at Clinicaltrias.gov Results: The mean (range) of patient satisfaction with remifentanil vs propofol was 1 (1-2) and 2 (11), respectively (Chi2, p < 0.001). Pain during the procedure was found to differ between remifentanil and propofol (mean 2 vs. 1, Chi2, p = 0.042), nausea or vomiting (4 vs. 0, Chi2, p = 0.01), and absence of amnesia (29 vs. 10, Chi2, p < 0.001), respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups. Conclusion: Propofol in TCI seems to be an adequate agent for sedation of patients undergoing GI endoscopic procedures, with less adverse effects and higher patient satisfaction. Most likely, the combination of these two drugs may be synergistic and further reduce any adverse effects

La agricultura familiar relacionado con los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible uno y dos en los distritos de Rupa Rupa y Castillo Grande, región Huánuco

El objetivo de la investigacion fue evaluar la relación del aporte de la agricultura familiar para el cumplimiento de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible uno y dos al 2030, asimismo caracterizar y tipificar la agricultura familiar en los distritos de Rupa Rupa y Castillo Grande, región Huánuco. Se trabajó con una muestra de 60 fundos familiares con un nivel de investigación descriptivo y tipo cualitativo-explicativo. Se utilizó el modelo estadístico que corresponde a un diseño completamente al azar, asimismo la prueba de media DGC para determinar diferencias significativas entre los tipos de sistemas. Los resultados mostraron que la agricultura familiar aporta al cumplimiento de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible uno y dos al 2030 en los distritos de Rupa Rupa y Castillo Grande, debido a que son sistemas integrales de producción, tipificado como un agroecosistema biodiverso, constituida por componentes agrícola, forestal y pecuario, y el funcionamiento de este sistema, está instalado en un área de terreno cuya superficie trabajada en promedio va de 1 a 5 ha y son de manejo familiar, dando soporte a la disminución de la pobreza, y el hambre con una mejor nutrición y promoción de una agricultura con un enfoque agroecológico. Estos sistemas se diferenciaron en tres conglomerados, el primero agrupó al 41.67%, el segundo al 38.83% y el tercero al 20% del total de fundos evaluados, sobresaliendo el conglomerado 1, seguido del 2 y finalmente el tercero, con diferencias estadísticas entre ellos

Modelo de ordenamiento territorial para el desarrollo ambiental sostenible de la región San Martín

The present study aimed to determine the situational status of the sustainable environmental development of the San Martín region, 2021. The research is of a basic type, with a quantitative approach, non-experimental design at a descriptive level; in turn, it is projective. The sample was made up of 25 technical professionals and officials from the regional and local government and other organizations. To collect the data, the survey and questionnaire endowed with validity and reliability were used. It was found that the situational state of the ecological is incipient (64%), in environmental policies (52%) and regarding clean water and sanitation (68%) respectively, reflected in 56% of opinions that consider sustainable environmental development as incipient; In other words, in the region there is no evidence of actions and policies aimed at care, conservation and sustainability. In this sense, a proposal was designed, concluding that the systematic nature of the management model based on land use planning contributes favorably to sustainable environmental development in the San Martín region; because 40% of the appraisals consider it to be very adequate, with an average of 8.0 points with ± 1.35 deviations; that is, the proposal according to the experts contains systematicity and coherence to solve the problem.El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo, determinar el estado situacional del desarrollo ambiental sostenible de la región San Martín, 2021. La investigación es de tipo básica, con enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental a nivel descriptivo; a su vez, es proyectiva. La muestra fue constituida por 25 profesionales técnicos y funcionarios del gobierno regional, local y otras organizaciones. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó la encuesta y el cuestionario dotados de validez y confiabilidad. Se encontró que, el estado situacional de la ecológica es incipiente (64%), en políticas ambientales (52%) y respecto al agua limpia y saneamiento (68%) respectivamente, reflejado en un 56% de opiniones que consideran al desarrollo ambiental sostenible como incipiente; es decir, en la región no hay evidencias de acciones y políticas orientadas al cuidado, conservación y sostenibilidad. En ese sentido, se diseñó una propuesta, concluyéndose que, la sistematicidad del modelo de gestión basado en el ordenamiento territorial contribuye favorablemente al desarrollo ambiental sostenible en la región San Martín; por cuanto, el 40% de apreciaciones consideran que es muy adecuado, con un promedio de 8.0 puntos con ±1.35 desviaciones; es decir, la propuesta según los expertos contiene sistematicidad y coherencia para resolver el problema

Use of Trained Convolutional Neural Networks for Analysis of Symptoms Caused by Botrytis fabae Sard

Home / Archives / Vol. 40 No. 1 (2023): Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas - January - april 2023 / Research Article Use of Trained Convolutional Neural Networks for Analysis of Symptoms Caused by Botrytis fabae Sard Authors David-E Álvarez-Sánchez Universidad de Nariño https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3563-2529 Anderson Arévalo Fundación Universitaria los Libertadores https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2574-4236 Iván Felipe Benavides Universidad de Nariño https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1139-3909 Claudia Salazar-González Universidad de Nariño https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5461-2761 Carlos Betancourth Universidad de Nariño https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6573-4230 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.20234001.198 Keywords: artificial intelligence, deep learning, Botrys fabae Sard, severity scale Abstract This study evaluated the use of convolutional neural networks (CNN) in agricultural disease recognition, specifically for Botrytis fabae symptoms. An experimental bean culture was used to capture images of healthy and affected leaflets, which were then used to perform binary classification and severity classification tests using several CNN models. The results showed that CNN models achieved high accuracy in binary classification, but performance decreased in severity classification due to the complexity of the task. InceptionResNet and ResNet101 were the models that performed best in this task. The study also utilized the Grad-CAM algorithm to identify the most significant B. fabae symptoms recognized by the CNNs. Overall, these findings can be used to develop a smart farming tool for crop production support and plant pathology research

α-Syntrophin regulates ARMS localization at the neuromuscular junction and enhances EphA4 signaling in an ARMS-dependent manner

EphA4 signaling has recently been implicated in the regulation of synapse formation and plasticity. In this study, we show that ankyrin repeat-rich membrane spanning (ARMS; also known as a kinase D–interacting substrate of 220 kD), a substrate for ephrin and neurotrophin receptors, was expressed in developing muscle and was concentrated at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified a PDZ (PSD-95, Dlg, ZO-1) domain protein, α-syntrophin, as an ARMS-interacting protein in muscle. Overexpression of α-syntrophin induced ARMS clustering in a PDZ domain–dependent manner. Coexpression of ARMS enhanced EphA4 signaling, which was further augmented by the presence of α-syntrophin. Moreover, the ephrin-A1–induced tyrosine phosphorylation of EphA4 was reduced in C2C12 myotubes after the blockade of ARMS and α-syntrophin expression by RNA interference. Finally, α-syntrophin–null mice exhibited a disrupted localization of ARMS and EphA4 at the NMJ and a reduced expression of ARMS in muscle. Altogether, our findings suggest that ARMS may play an important role in regulating postsynaptic signal transduction through the syntrophin-mediated localization of receptor tyrosine kinases such as EphA4

CRB2 completes a fully expressed Crumbs complex in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

The CRB proteins CRB1, CRB2 and CRB3 are members of the cell polarity complex Crumbs in mammals that together with Scribble and Par complexes stablish the polarity of a variety of cell types. Although many members of the Crumbs complex proteins are expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and even though the mRNA of CRB2 has been detected in ARPE-19 cells and in the RPE/Choroid, to date no CRB protein has yet been found in this tissue. To investigate this possibility, we generated an antibody that specifically recognize the mouse CRB2 protein, and we demonstrate the expression of CRB2 in mouse RPE. Confocal analysis shows that CRB2 is restricted to the apicolateral membrane of RPE cells, and more precisely, in the tight junctions. Our study identified CRB2 as the member of the CRB protein family that is present together with the rest of the components of the Crumbs complex in the RPE apico-lateral cell membrane. Considering that the functions of CRB proteins are decisive in the establishment and maintenance of cell-cell junctions in several epithelial-derived cell types, we believe that these findings are a relevant starting point for unraveling the functions that CRB2 might perform in the RPE.This study was supported by grants from Fundación Ramón Areces and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (BFU2008-04490/BFI). S.H.M received support from the Junta de Castilla y León PhD Program.Peer Reviewe

Result of a pulmonary rehabilitation program on adherence and inhalation technique in patients with chronic respiratory disease

Introducción: Los programas de rehabilitación pulmonar deben incluir actividades educativas encaminadas a que el paciente conozca la enfermedad y reciba el adiestramiento que le permita abordar adecuadamente su tratamiento. Objetivo: Analizar la adherencia y la técnica inhalatoria en pacientes remitidos al programa de rehabilitación pulmonar de la Fundación Neumológica Colombiana y evaluar los cambios que se presentaron en éstas al finalizar el programa ambulatorio. Metodología: Estudio no experimental preprueba postprueba en pacientes mayores de 18 años. Se calificó la técnica inhalatoria utilizando la escala EDEN y la adherencia utilizando preguntas adaptadas de la escala de adherencia a la medicación de Morisky. Resultados: Se analizaron 320 pacientes; el porcentaje de pacientes que utilizaba correctamente los dispositivos inhalados al iniciar el programa de rehabilitación osciló entre 9% y19%; el error más común en todos los dispositivos fue no expulsar el aire antes de iniciar la inhalación. Después del programa de rehabilitación el porcentaje de pacientes que empleaban una técnica inhalatoria correcta fue en promedio 61% para inhaladores de dosis medida y 83% para dispositivos de polvo seco. La adherencia a los inhaladores antes del programa fue 58%, siendo descuido y olvido las principales razones que explican la no adherencia. Al finalizar el programa 86% de los pacientes eran adherentes. Conclusiones: Un porcentaje bajo de pacientes remitidos al programa de rehabilitación pulmonar aplicaba correctamente la técnica inhalatoria, la instrucción educativa dentro de un programa de rehabilitación pulmonar mejoró la técnica y la adherencia a los inhaladores en un porcentaje importante de pacientes.Introduction: Pulmonary rehabilitation programs must include educational activities focused on the acquisition of necessary knowledge and skills to control the disease and approach treatment appropriately. Objective: To analyze treatment adherence and inhalation technique in patients referred to pulmonary rehabilitation program of Fundación Neumológica Colombiana and evaluate changes in them at the end of the outpatient program. Methodology: Pretest - posttest design in patients older than 18 years. The inhalation technique was assessed using the EDEN scale, and adherence was scored with modified questions from the Morisky medication adherence scale. Results: We analyzed 320 patients. The percentage of patients who used inhalers correctly before starting the rehabilitation program ranged between 9% and 19%; the most common mistake was not exhale the air before starting inhalation. Upon completion of the program the percentage of patients performing a correct inhalation technique ranged between 61% for metered dose inhalers to 83% for dry powder inhalers. Adherence to inhalers before the program was 58%, with neglect and forget being the main reasons encountered. It improved in 86% of evaluated patients. Conclusion: A small percentage of patients referred to pulmonary rehabilitation program applied the inhalation technique correctly; educational instruction in a pulmonary rehabilitation program improved the technique and adherence to inhalers in a significant percentage of patients

Research facilities and highlights at the Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA)

The Centro Nacional de Aceleradores is a user-oriented accelerator facility in Seville, Spain. Its main facilities are a 3 MV tandem accelerator, an 18 MeV proton Cyclotron, a tandetron used for AMS, a compact accelerator used for radiocarbon measurements, a 60Co irradiator and a PET/CT scanner. The technical specifications and research applications of these facilities are described. A neutron beam line associated to a charged pulsed beam in the tandem allows for time of flight measurements which determine the neutron energy. The use of an adequate stripper gas in the AMS tandetron permits to measure heavy radionuclides with very low detection levels, allowing to perform environmental studies using these radionuclides as tracers. The use of the microbeam in the tandem accelerator allows to apply the ion beam-induced current technique to investigate the spectroscopic properties and radiation hardness of different semiconductor detectors.European Union, H2020-847594, H2020-654002, H2020-847552, H2020-847594Ministry of Science RTI2018-098117-B-C21, RTC-2017-6369-3, EQC2018-004193-P, EQC2018-004095-P, EQC2018-004166- P, PGC2018-094546-B-I00Junta de Andalucía FEDER US-1261006, US-1263369, P18-RT-190

Microencapsulation of Erythrocytes Extracted from Cavia porcellus Blood in Matrices of Tara Gum and Native Potato Starch

Ferropenic anemy is the leading iron deficiency disease in the world. The aim was to encapsulate erythrocytes extracted from the blood of Cavia porcellus, in matrices of tara gum and native potato starch. For microencapsulation, solutions were prepared with 20% erythrocytes; and encapsulants at 5, 10, and 20%. The mixtures were spray-dried at 120 and 140 ◦C. The iron content in the erythrocytes was 3.30 mg/g and between 2.32 and 2.05 mg/g for the encapsulates (p < 0.05). The yield of the treatments varied between 47.84 and 58.73%. The moisture, water activity, and bulk density were influenced by the temperature and proportion of encapsulants. The total organic carbon in the atomized samples was around 14%. The particles had diverse reddish tonalities, which were heterogeneous in their form and size; openings on their surface were also observed by SEM. The particle size was at the nanometer level, and the zeta potential (ζ) indicated a tendency to agglomerate and precipitation the solutions. The presence of iron was observed on the surface of the atomized by SEM-EDX, and FTIR confirmed the encapsulation due to the presence of the chemical groups OH, C-O, C-H, and N-H in the atomized. On the other hand, high percentages of iron release in vitro were obtained between 88.45 and 94.71%. The treatment with the lowest proportion of encapsulants performed at 140 ◦C obtained the best results and could potentially be used to fortify different functional foods

Compilation of parameterized seismogenic sources in Iberia for the SHARE European-scale seismic source model.

Abstract: SHARE (Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe) is an EC-funded project (FP7) that aims to evaluate European seismic hazards using an integrated, standardized approach. In the context of SHARE, we are compiling a fully-parameterized active fault database for Iberia and the nearby offshore region. The principal goal of this initiative is for fault sources in the Iberian region to be represented in SHARE and incorporated into the source model that will be used to produce seismic hazard maps at the European scale. The SHARE project relies heavily on input from many regional experts throughout the Euro-Mediterranean region. At the SHARE regional meeting for Iberia, the 2010 Working Group on Iberian Seismogenic Sources (WGISS) was established; these researchers are contributing to this large effort by providing their data to the Iberian regional integrators in a standardized format. The development of the SHARE Iberian active fault database is occurring in parallel with IBERFAULT, another ongoing effort to compile a database of active faults in the Iberian region. The SHARE Iberian active fault database synthesizes a wide range of geological and geophysical observations on active seismogenic sources, and incorporates existing compilations (e.g., Cabral, 1995; Silva et al., 2008), original data contributed directly from researchers, data compiled from the literature, parameters estimated using empirical and analytical relationships, and, where necessary, parameters derived using expert judgment. The Iberian seismogenic source model derived for SHARE will be the first regional-scale source model for Iberia that includes fault data and follows an internationally standardized approach (Basili et al., 2008; 2009). This model can be used in both seismic hazard and risk analyses and will be appropriate for use in Iberian- and European-scale assessments