Phase Separation and Three-site Hopping in the 2-dimensional t-J Model

We study the t-J model with the inclusion of the so called three-site term which comes out from the t/U --> 0 expansion of the Hubbard model. We find that this singlet pair hopping term has no qualitative effect on the structure of the pure mean field phase diagram for nonmagnetic states. In accordance with experimental data on high-T_c materials and some numerical studies, we also find wide regions of phase coexistence whenever the coupling J is greater than a critical value J_c. We show that J_c varies linearly with the temperature T, going to zero at T=0.Comment: 10 pages, LaTex, 3 Postscript figure

Interest Groups, Government Spending and Italian Industrial Growth (1876-1913)

In the last two decades of the XIX century the Italian model of economic growth shifted from agricultural to industrial. Historians maintain that this process was affected by the action of some interest groups that pursued both state protection from competition and specific public expenditure programs. Starting from the economic literature of interest groups, this paper attempts to empirically investigate the role of the interest groups in public expenditure decisions in Italy from 1876 to 1913. We argue that a proper indicator of the role of interest groups is their output. The analysis suggests that government spending was sensitive to the preferences of heavy industry rather then those of textile and cereal cultivators. We therefore highlight the role of the political process in setting economic policy at the early stages of the Italian development.industrialization; special interests groups; public expenditure, Italian economic history.

Interest Groups and Government Spending in Italy, 1876-1913

In the last two decades of the XIX century Italy became an industrial country. Historians maintain that this process was affected by the action of some interest groups that pursued both state protection from competition and specific public expenditure programs. Starting from the economic literature of interest groups, this paper attempts to empirically investigate the role of the interest groups in public expenditure decisions in Italy from 1876 to 1913. We argue that a proper indicator of the role of interest groups is their output. The analysis suggests that government spending was sensitive to the preferences of heavy industry rather then those of textile and cereal cultivators. We therefore highlight the role of the political process in setting economic policy at the early stages of Italian development.special interest groups, public expenditure, Italian economic history

Rendimento e eficiência da fermentação alcoólica na produção de hidromel.

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Una interpretación de los regímenes autoritarios

Once años después de la elaboración de sus conocidas tesis sobre el «régimen autoritario» (elaboración impresa en un multirreproducido artículo: «An Authoritarian Regime: The Case of Spain», 1964), el autor del presente ensayo intenta de nuevo, desde la perspectiva de 1975, comentar coherentemente aquellas tesis abundando en algunas de las críticas escritas que se le han formulado y madurándolas con sus experiencias de investigador de las diversas fuerzas que rigen lo que él llama «regímenes autoritarios», principalmente el caso del franquismo. El nivel de abstracción que presentan estas líneas en nada desmerece, sino al contrario, la expresividad de su construcción ligada a una forma muy definida de ver la sociedad y practicar la ciencia social

Habitat differentiation between groups of Risso's dolphins as evidence of coastal nursery areas

26th Annual Conference of the European Cetacean Society, Galway, Ireland 26-28 March 2012.Previous studies have shown strong site fidelity by Risso's dolphins at a site off Pico Island, Azores. Females with calves tend to be seen together, often with newborn calves. In this study we analyse position and photo-identification data gathered on ocean surveys from 2004 to 2007 to look at the distribution of females with calves of different ages (newborns to 6 months old, 6 months to 2 years and 2 to 4 years) and compare it with pods with no calves present. The association of the different groups with selected ecogeographical variables was tested, and a maximum entropy model was used to create habitat suitability maps, using a 50mx50m grid. The female pods with younger calves were found to have a significantly distinct distribution from those with older calves or without calves. The main difference was that the pods with younger calves tended to be found closer to the shore, whereas the other groups used a wider offshore area. More extensive sampling is required in order to validate the existence and geographical distribution of coastal nursery areas for this species. However, we believe the present data is enough to elicit precautionary conservation measures to reduce human impact on a vulnerable part of the dolphin society, such as that associated with boat traffic, whale watching and swimming with dolphins operations

I "decostituiti" de "La Sapienza": Santi Romano, Maurizio Maraviglia e Carlo Costamagna

Il contributo analizza le figure dei tre giuspubblicisti dell'Università di Roma "La Sapienza" (Costamagna, Maraviglia e Romano) sottoposti a procedimento di epurazione dopo la cadutra del fascismo

UTILIZATION OF BEE (Apis mellifera) HONEY FOR VINEGAR

Utilizou-se mel de abelhas (Apis melifera) para a obtenção de vinagre, com a perspectiva de diversificação dos produtos derivados do mel. O mosto foi preparado com mel diluído em água destilada, resultando numa solução com 21 Brix, enriquecida com sulfato de amônio e fosfato de amônio e inoculada com fermento comercial desidratado (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) numa proporção de 4 g/L. A fermentação alcoólica ocorreu em temperatura ambiente, durante 24 horas. Um kilograma de mel rendeu cinco litros de hidromel com teor alcoólico em torno de 8% (v/v), a partir de mosto com 17,11% (p/v) de açúcares totais. A eficiência da fermentação alcoólica foi de 81,34%. A fermentação acética foi realizada pelo método rápido, em fermentador vertical com capacidade de 15 litros. O vinagre obtido apresentou acidez em torno de 9% e teor alcoólico residual em torno de 1% (v/v). O rendimento da fermentação acética ficou entre 91,24 e 97,21%. A avaliação sensorial revelou índices de aceitação acima de 70%, ou seja, 95,37% para a aparência; 94,81% para cor; 79,07% para odor e 75,56% para sabor. Abstract It was utilized bee honey (Apis mellifera) for vinegar obtention, with the perspective of honey derived products diversification. The wort was prepared by diluting honey in distilled water to 21% total solids and by adding ammonium sulfate and ammonium phosphate. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was inoculated to the wort (4 g/L). Alcoholic fermentation was carried out at room temperature during 24 hours. In this study, 1 Kg of honey yielded about 5 L of wine, containing about 8% alcohol (v/v), from a wort with 17.11% total sugars (w/v). The efficiency of the alcoholic fermentation was 81.34%. The acetic fermentation was performed by quick process in a 15 L vertical fermenter. This resulted in a vinegar containing up to 9% of acetic acid (w/v) and about 1% of alcohol (v/v). The acetic fermentation yielded between 91.24 and 97.21%. Approximately 5 L of honey vinegar with 9% acetic acid (w/v) were obtained from 1 Kg of bee honey. All attributes of honey vinegar showed acceptability index over 70%: 95.37% for appearence, 94.81% for colour, 79.07% for odour and 75.56% for flavour, indicating it would show good consumer acceptability