L’accessibilité aux services et aux équipements : un enjeu d’équité pour les personnes âgées résidant en HLM à Montréal

L’accessibilité aux services et aux équipements collectifs est un enjeu important pour les personnes âgées résidant dans le parc HLM. Cela l’est d’autant que, souvent, la précarité économique de ces personnes réduit passablement leur mobilité, déjà faible en raison de leur position dans le cycle de vie. Dans le cadre de cet article, nous évaluons l’accessibilité aux services et aux équipements collectifs de cette clientèle du parc HLM à partir d’une méthodologie reposant sur les systèmes d’information géographique et sur des méthodes de statistique exploratoire multidimensionnelle. L’indicateur d’accessibilité ainsi construit montre qu’il existe huit types de paysages d’équipements autour des immeubles HLM montréalais où réside majoritairement une clientèle âgée. Nos résultats montrent que, globalement, 42 % des aînés qui vivent dans des logements publics montréalais regroupant une majorité de personnes âgées, ont un bon ou très bon accès aux ressources urbaines alors que pour 58 % d’entre eux, l’accès est plus limité.For elderly people living in public housing, whose mobility is often reduced due to their stage in the life cycle and their economic resources, the accessibility to services and facilities is a fundamental concern. In this paper, we evaluate the accessibility to various services and facilities for this clientele by using a methodological approach based on geographical information systems and multivariate analysis. Our results based on the calculation of an accessibility indicator show that there are eight facilities landscapes around public housing buildings where live a majority of elderly residents. Overall, 42% of elderly residents of public housings have a good level of accessibility to urban resources, against 58% who have a more limited accessibilit

The case of Montréal's missing food deserts: Evaluation of accessibility to food supermarkets

BACKGROUND: Access to varied, healthy and inexpensive foods is an important public health concern that has been widely documented. Consequently, there is an increasing interest in identifying food deserts, that is, socially deprived areas within cities that have poor access to food retailers. In this paper we propose a methodology based on three measures of accessibility to supermarkets calculated using geographic information systems (GIS), and on exploratory multivariate statistical analysis (hierarchical cluster analysis), which we use to identify food deserts in Montréal. RESULTS: First, the use of three measures of accessibility to supermarkets is very helpful in identifying food deserts according to several dimensions: proximity (distance to the nearest supermarket), diversity (number of supermarkets within a distance of less than 1000 metres) and variety in terms of food and prices (average distance to the three closest different chain-name supermarkets). Next, the cluster analysis applied to the three measures of accessibility to supermarkets and to a social deprivation index demonstrates that there are very few problematic food deserts in Montréal. In fact, census tracts classified as socially deprived and with low accessibility to supermarkets are, on average, 816 metres away from the nearest supermarket and within 1.34 kilometres of three different chain-name supermarkets. CONCLUSION: We conclude that food deserts do not represent a major problem in Montréal. Since geographic accessibility to healthy food is not a major issue in Montréal, prevention efforts should be directed toward the understanding of other mechanisms leading to an unhealthy diet, rather than attempting to promote an even spatial distribution of supermarkets

How do supply chain choices affect the life cycle impacts of medical products?

The natural resource based view (NRBV) of organisations suggests that there are two main models used by businesses to achieve short-term sustainability outcomes. They are the product stewardship and pollution prevention models. Here is the case of a New York-based wholesaler of medical supplies. The business aims to develop a more environmentally sustainable supply chain for one of its products - an emesis basin. The emesis basin is currently only offered in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic, which has negative effects on the natural environment. This study aimed to assess how the focus of the business’ new business model might affect the overall life cycle impacts of this product. To achieve this, we compared the environmental impacts of the conventional product (Scenario 1– an HDPE basin) with equivalent products supplied via pollution prevention (Scenario 2 – a bioplastic basin) and product stewardship (Scenario 3 – green supply chain management and improvements) scenarios, as well as a combination scenario (Scenario 4). The results show that, in line with expectations, the pollution prevention option – switching to a bioplastic product – has the lowest environmental impacts. Unexpectedly though, the product stewardship option had a greater impact on the natural environment than the conventional HDPE, business-as-usual option. We suggest there may greater environmental gains to be obtained by focusing on one’s core business, than by extending influence to the entire supply chain

Sobre a aditividade das integrais monotonas

Orientador : Rodney Carlos BassaneziTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação CientíficaResumo: Não informadoAbstract: Not informedDoutoradoDoutor em Matemátic

Access to recreational physical activities by car and bus : an assessment of socio-spatial inequalities in mainland Scotland

Obesity and other chronic conditions linked with low levels of physical activity (PA) are associated with deprivation. One reason for this could be that it is more difficult for low-income groups to access recreational PA facilities such as swimming pools and sports centres than high-income groups. In this paper, we explore the distribution of access to PA facilities by car and bus across mainland Scotland by income deprivation at datazone level. GIS car and bus networks were created to determine the number of PA facilities accessible within travel times of 10, 20 and 30 minutes. Multilevel negative binomial regression models were then used to investigate the distribution of the number of accessible facilities, adjusting for datazone population size and local authority. Access to PA facilities by car was significantly (p<0.01) higher for the most affluent quintile of area-based income deprivation than for most other quintiles in small towns and all other quintiles in rural areas. Accessibility by bus was significantly lower for the most affluent quintile than for other quintiles in urban areas and small towns, but not in rural areas. Overall, we found that the most disadvantaged groups were those without access to a car and living in the most affluent areas or in rural areas

Vitrification of immature feline oocytes with a commercial kit for bovine embryo vitrification

The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of a commercial kit for bovine embryo vitrification for cryopreserving cat oocytes and to evaluate comparatively the effects of its use with slow freezing procedure on cryotolerance in terms of morphology and oocyte resumption of meiosis. Germinal vesicle stage oocytes isolated from cat ovaries were either vitrified (n = 72) using a vitrification kit for bovine embryo or slow frozen (n = 69) by exposing oocyte to ethylene glycol solution before being transferred to a programmable embryo freezer. After thawing and warming, oocytes were cultured for 48 h and then were examined for meiosis resumption using bisbenzimide fluorescent staining (Hoechst 33342). Fresh immature oocytes (n = 92) were used as the control group. The proportion of oocytes recovered in a morphologically normal state after thawing \u2044 warming was significantly higher in frozen oocytes (94.5%) than in the vitrified ones (75%, p < 0.01). Morphological integrity after culture was similar in vitrified (73.6%) and slow frozen oocytes (76.8%); however, only 37.5% of the morphologically normal oocytes resumed meiosis after vitrification compared to 60.9% of those submitted to slow freezing procedure (p < 0.01). Fresh oocytes showed higher morphological integrity (91.3%) and meiosis resumption rates (82.6%, p < 0.002) than cryopreserved oocytes, irrespective of the procedure used. These results suggest that immature cat oocytes vitrified with a kit for bovine embryos retain their capacity to resume meiosis after warming and culture, albeit at lower rates than slow frozen oocytes. Vitrification and slow freezing methods show similar proportions of oocytes with normal morphology after culture, which demonstrate that thawed and warmed oocytes that resist to cryodamage have the same chances to maintain their integrity after 48 h of culture

VIFECO: An Open-Source Software for Counting Features on a Video

The aim of this article is to describe an open-source application (Vifeco) that makes it possible to manually identify features on a video. Vifeco also allows to: manage the number of users, create a category (feature) and a collection of categories, read video and identify the features on it, and analyze the counting concordance between two users. Written in Java 11 with the JavaFX UI toolkit, Vifeco is a stand-alone, multiplatform (Windows, Mac and Linux) and multi-language (3 languages supported) application. The software is available under Apache Licence on GitHub ('https://github.com/LAEQ/vifeco')