DESIGN OF A LOW POWER FLIP-FLOP USING CMOS DEEP SUBMICRON TECHNOLOGY

This paper enumerates low power, high speed design of flip-flop having less number of transistors and only one transistor being clocked by short pulse train which is true single phase clocking (TSPC) flip-flop. Compared to Conventional flip-flop, it has 5 Transistors and one transistor clocked, thus has lesser size and lesser power consumption. It can be used in various applications like digital VLSI clocking system, buffers, registers, microprocessors etc. The analysis for various flip flops and latches for power dissipation and propagation delays at 0.13μm and 0.35μm technologies is carried out. The leakage power increases as technology is scaled down. The leakage power is reduced by using best technique among all run time techniques viz. MTCMOS. Thereby comparison of different conventional flip-flops, latches and TSPC flip-flop in terms of power consumption, propagation delays and product of power dissipation and propagation delay with SPICE simulation results is presented

A Bio-Crypto Protocol for Password Protection Using ECC

In  information  security the  following security parameters like, integrity , non repudiation and confidentiality , authentication   must be satisfied.  To avoid thievery of organization resources  it needs be secured in more efficient way  and there is always demand  for different levels of security attacks include virus , brute force and Eveadroper  in business that  organizations make use of voice biometrics an attractive low-cost. Voice biometrics is the  cheapest  among the  other biometrics and used all levels for management to buy readily available metric and it is the way of  identifying individuals remotely  with high level of accuracy . In this work, we have been designed a  new  password- authentication approach  that provides security  using voice biometrics for authentication and uses the device  itself into an authenticator which uses  voice itself as its passwords and we are primarily interested in keys that can be temporally reproduced on the same device from the same user’s voice. Public and private keys are generated  randomly from the user's voice  and stored in the voice file(.wav).This Method uses voice recognition , include the operation of  register( recording feature ) or voice prints  and  storing of one or more voice passwords into the  database. It uses ECDSA to perform the authentication process that matching the  voice sample  with the database. The recognition, entity makes the database  to decide that  the sample is matched to perform an operation or not. Our proposed approach  generates cryptographic keys from voice input itself and this algorithm developed an adhoc basis. It can effectively defend  attacks specially brute force attack in system networks

Synthesis of branched carbon nanotubes

The present invention discloses a relatively simple CVD method for forming branched carbon nanotubes. In general, the method includes adding a dopant to the precursor materials. The dopant can be a material that has a thermodynamically more favorable carbide-forming reaction at the reactor conditions than does the catalyst that is provided to the reactor by a second precursor material. The doped nanoparticles formed in the reactor can adhere to the walls of the developing nanotubes and provide a nucleation site for the development of one or more branches on the nanotube. The nanotubes formed according to the invention can be recognized as such due to the presence of the doped nanoparticles adhered along the walls of the branched nanotubes

Substrate patterning by electron emission-induced displacement

Disclosed are methods and devices for patterning micro- and/or nano-sized pattern elements on a substrate using field emitted electrons from an element. Disclosed methods and devices can also be utilized to form nano- and micron-sized depressions in a substrate according to a more economical process than as has been utilized in the past. Methods include single-step methods by which structures can be simultaneously created and located at desired locations on a substrate. Methods include the application of a bias voltage between a probe tip and a substrate held at a relatively close gap distance. The applied voltage can promote current flow between the probe and the substrate via field emissions. During a voltage pulse, and within predetermined energy levels and tip-to-surface gap distances, three dimensional formations can be developed on the substrate surface

Estimating Be Star Disk Radii using H-alpha Emission Equivalent Widths

We present numerical models of the circumstellar disks of Be stars, and we describe the resulting synthetic H-alpha emission lines and maps of the wavelength-integrated emission flux projected onto the sky. We demonstrate that there are monotonic relationships between the emission line equivalent width and the ratio of the angular half-width at half maximum of the projected disk major axis to the radius of the star. These relationships depend mainly upon the temperatures of the disk and star, the inclination of the disk normal to the line of sight, and the adopted outer boundary for the disk radius. We show that the predicted H-alpha disk radii are consistent with those observed directly through long baseline interferometry of nearby Be stars (especially once allowance is made for disk truncation in binaries and for dilution of the observed H-alpha equivalent width by continuum disk flux in the V-band).Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, ApJL in pres

The Outbursts and Orbit of the Accreting Pulsar GS 1843-02 = 2S 1845-024

We present observations of a series of 10 outbursts of pulsed hard X-ray flux from the transient 10.6 mHz accreting pulsar GS 1843-02, using the Burst and Transient Source Experiment on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. These outbursts occurred regularly every 242 days, coincident with the ephemeris of the periodic transient GRO J1849-03 (Zhang et al. 1996), which has recently been identified with the SAS 3 source 2S 1845-024 (Soffitta et al. 1998). Our pulsed detection provides the first clear identification of GS 1843-02 with 2S 1845-024. We present a pulse timing analysis which shows that the 2S 1845-024 outbursts occur near the periastron passage of the neutron star's highly eccentric (e = 0.88+-0.01) 242.18+-0.01 day period binary orbit about a high mass (M > 7 solar masses) companion. The orbit and transient outburst pattern strongly suggest the pulsar is in a binary system with a Be star. Our observations show a long-term spin-up trend, with most of the spin-up occurring during the outbursts. From the measured spin-up rates and inferred luminosities we conclude that an accretion disk is present during the outbursts.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journa

4U2206+54 - an Unusual High Mass X-ray Binary with a 9.6 Day Orbital Period but No Strong Pulsations

Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer All-Sky Monitor observations of the X-ray source 4U2206+54, previously proposed to be a Be star system, show the X-ray flux to be modulated with a period of approximately 9.6 days. If the modulation is due to orbital variability then this would be one of the shortest orbital periods known for a Be star X-ray source. However, the X-ray luminosity is relatively modest whereas a high luminosity would be predicted if the system contains a neutron star accreting from the denser inner regions of a Be star envelope. Although a 392s pulse period was previously reported from EXOSAT observations, a reexamination of the EXOSAT light curves does not show this or any other periodicity. An analysis of archival RXTE Proportional Counter Array observations also fails to show any X-ray pulsations. We consider possible models that may explain the properties of this source including a neutron star with accretion halted at the magnetosphere and an accreting white dwarf.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa

Dairy industry scenarios: Informing dairy farm systems for the future

The purpose of the Dairy Farm Systems for the Future project is to explore how best to identify and design farming systems best suited to the changing environment and farmer circumstances. The first step in the project was to describe that changing business environment to develop a better understanding by farmers, industry and researchers of possible, plausible future scenarios for dairying in New Zealand. These scenarios are now providing reliable and comprehensive information, a context, for the design and rigorous evaluation of a range of farming systems best suited to each possible, plausible future. The scenarios were developed through a series of workshops and research phases throughout 2014/15. The process involved 68 industry stakeholders (25 organisations plus farmers/farm consultants) and resulted in the development of four scenarios. The scenario development process, outlined in this report, looked beyond the current views (the base scenario) to come up with three very different futures that the dairy industry could be facing in 10 years' time. The futures reflect the interpretation of 16 specific local and global uncertainties/risks. In-depth research into the level of variation in, and the implications of, each uncertainty informed the scenario building process.DairyNZ, Ministry for Primary Industrie

Photometric Observations of Three High Mass X-Ray Binaries and a Search for Variations Induced by Orbital Motion

We searched for long period variation in V-band, Ic-band and RXTE X-ray light curves of the High Mass X-ray Binaries (HMXBs) LS 1698 / RX J1037.5-5647, HD 110432 / 1H 1249-637 and HD 161103 / RX J1744.7-2713 in an attempt to discover orbitally induced variation. Data were obtained primarily from the ASAS database and were supplemented by shorter term observations made with the 24- and 40-inch ANU telescopes and one of the robotic PROMPT telescopes. Fourier periodograms suggested the existence of long period variation in the V-band light curves of all three HMXBs, however folding the data at those periods did not reveal convincing periodic variation. At this point we cannot rule out the existence of long term V-band variation for these three sources and hints of longer term variation may be seen in the higher precision PROMPT data. Long term V-band observations, on the order of several years, taken at a frequency of at least once per week and with a precision of 0.01 mag, therefore still have a chance of revealing long term variation in these three HMXBs.Comment: Accepted, RAA, May, 201