Prevalence of HPV infection among Greek women attending a gynecological outpatient clinic

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a causative factor for cervical cancer. Early detection of high risk HPV types might help to identify women at high risk of cervical cancer. The aim of the present study was to examine the HPV prevalence and distribution in cervical smears in a sample of Greek women attending a gynecological outpatient clinic and to explore the determinants of the infection.Methods: A total of 225 women were studied. All women underwent a regular gynecological control. 35 HPV types were studied; 6, 11, 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 66, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85 and 89. Also, basic demographic information, sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behavior were recorded.Results: HPV was detected in 22.7% of the study population. The percentage of the newly diagnosed women with HPV infection was 17.3%. HPV-16 was the most common type detected (5.3%) followed by HPV-53 (4.9%). 66.2% of the study participants had a Pap test during the last year without any abnormalities. HPV infection was related positively with alcohol consumption (OR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.04-4.63, P = 0.04) and number of sexual partners (OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.44-3.25, P < 0.001), and negatively with age (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87-0.99, P = 0.03), and monthly income (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44-0.89, P = 0.01).Conclusion: The prevalence of HPV in women attending an outpatient clinic is high. Number of sexual partners and alcohol consumption were the most significant risk factors for HPV infection, followed by young age and lower income

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium report, datasummary of 50 countries for 2010-2015 : Device-associated module

Q3Artículo original1495-1504Background: We report the results of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) sur-veillance study from January 2010-December 2015 in 703 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America,Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific.Methods:During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Health-care Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 861,284 patients hospitalized in INICC hospital ICUs for an aggregateof 3,506,562 days.Results:Although device use in INICC ICUs was similar to that reported from CDC-NHSN ICUs, DA-HAIrates were higher in the INICC ICUs: in the INICC medical-surgical ICUs, the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection, 4.1 per 1,000 central line-days, was nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.8per 1,000 central line-days reported from comparable US ICUs, the overall rate of ventilator-associatedpneumonia was also higher, 13.1 versus 0.9 per 1,000 ventilator-days, as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, 5.07 versus 1.7 per 1,000 catheter-days. From blood cultures samples,frequencies of resistance ofPseudomonasisolates to amikacin (29.87% vs 10%) and to imipenem (44.3%vs 26.1%), and ofKlebsiella pneumoniaeisolates to ceftazidime (73.2% vs 28.8%) and to imipenem (43.27%vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC ICUs compared with CDC-NHSN ICUs.Conclusions:Although DA-HAIs in INICC ICU patients continue to be higher than the rates reported inCDC-NSHN ICUs representing the developed world, we have observed a significant trend toward the re-duction of DA-HAI rates in INICC ICUs as shown in each international report. It is INICC’s main goal tocontinue facilitating education, training, and basic and cost-effective tools and resources, such as stan-dardized forms and an online platform, to tackle this problem effectively and systematically

DETERMINATIVE FACTORS OF FATALITY AND INCIDENCE OF NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA ON PATIENTS WITH MECHANICAL VENTILATION IN THE RESPIRATORY INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

ΣΚΟΠΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΜΕΛΕΤΗΣ ΑΥΤΗΣ ΗΤΑΝ Η ΔΙΕΡΕΥΝΗΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΚΥΡΙΟΤΕΡΩΝ ΠΑΡΑΓΟΝΤΩΝ ΠΟΥ ΠΡΟΣΔΙΟΡΙΖΟΥΝ ΤΗ ΘΝΗΤΟΤΗΤΑ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΝ ΕΠΙΠΤΩΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΝΠ ΤΩΝ ΑΣΘΕΝΩΝ ΜΕ ΣΥΝΕΧΗ ΜΗΧΑΝΙΚΗ ΥΠΟΣΤΗΡΙΞΗ ΤΗΣ ΑΝΑΠΝΟΗΣ ΣΕ ΑΜΕΘ. Η ΜΕΛΕΤΗ ΠΡΑΓΜΑΤΟΠΟΙΗΘΗΚΕ ΣΤΗΝ ΑΜΕΘ ΤΟΥ ΠΓΝΝΘΑ "ΗΣΩΤΗΡΙΑ". ΤΟ ΥΛΙΚΟ ΤΗΣ ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΑΝ 192 ΑΣΘΕΝΕΙΣ (151 ΑΝΔΡΕΣ ΚΑΙ 41 ΓΥΝΑΙΚΕΣ) ΠΟΥ ΝΟΣΗΛΕΥΤΗΚΑΝ ΑΠΟ 1.186 ΕΩΣ 15.6.87 ΣΤΗΝ ΑΜΕΘ ΓΙΑ ΧΡΟΝΙΚΟ ΔΙΑΣΤΗΜΑ >72 ΩΡΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΩΝ ΟΠΟΙΩΝ Η ΔΙΑΡΚΕΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΜΗΧΑΝΙΚΗΣ ΥΠΟΣΤΗΡΙΞΗΣ ΤΗΣ ΑΝΑΠΝΟΗΣ ΗΤΑΝ >48 ΩΡΕΣ. ΟΙ ΑΣΘΕΝΕΙΣ ΜΕ ΚΡΙΤΗΡΙΟ ΤΗΝ ΕΜΦΑΝΙΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΠΝΕΥΜΟΝΙΑΣ (ΕΚΒΑΣΗ) ΚΑΤΑ ΤΗ ΔΙΑΡΚΕΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΝΟΣΗΛΕΙΑΣ ΤΟΥΣ ΔΙΑΙΡΕΘΗΚΑΝ ΣΕ ΔΥΟ ΟΜΑΔΕΣ, ΤΗΝ ΟΜΑΔΑ ΤΩΝ ΑΣΘΕΝΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΝ ΟΜΑΔΑΤΩΝ ΜΑΡΤΥΡΩΝ. Η ΟΜΑΔΑ ΤΩΝ ΑΣΘΕΝΩΝ ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΙΤΟ ΑΠΟ 50 ΑΣΘΕΝΕΙΣ ΠΟΥ ΚΑΤΑ ΤΗ ΔΙΑΡΚΕΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΝΟΣΗΛΕΙΑΣ ΤΟΥΣ ΕΜΦΑΝΙΣΑΝ ΠΕΥΜΟΝΙΑ. Η ΟΜΑΔΑ ΤΩΝ ΜΑΡΤΥΡΩΝ ΑΠΟ 142 ΑΣΘΕΝΕΙΣ ΠΟΥ ΔΕΝ ΕΜΦΑΝΙΣΑΝ ΠΝΕΥΜΟΝΙΑ ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΕ ΤΗ ΣΥΓΚΡΙΤΙΚΗ ΟΜΑΔΑ. ΜΕ ΚΡΙΤΗΡΙΟ ΕΚΒΑΣΗΣ ΤΟ ΘΑΝΑΤΟ, ΟΙ ΑΣΘΕΝΕΙΣ ΔΙΑΚΡΙΘΗΚΑΝ ΚΑΙ ΠΑΛΙ ΣΕ ΔΥΟ ΟΜΑΔΕΣ, ΤΗΝ ΟΜΑΔΑ ΤΩΝ ΑΠΟΒΙΩΣΑΝΤΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΝ ΟΜΑΔΑ ΤΩΝ ΕΠΙΒΙΩΣΑΝΤΩΝ. Η ΟΜΑΔΑ ΤΩΝ ΑΠΟΒΙΩΣΑΝΤΩΝ ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΙΤΑΙ ΑΠΟ 69 ΑΣΘΕΝΕΙΣ ΟΙ ΟΠΟΙΟΙ ΑΠΕΒΙΩΣΑΝ ΚΑΤΑ ΤΗ ΔΙΑΡΚΕΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΝΟΣΗΛΕΙΑΣ ΤΟΥΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΑΜΕΘ. ΟΙ ΠΑΡΑΠΑΝΩ ΟΜΑΔΕΣ ΣΥΓΚΡΙΘΗΚΑΝ ΜΕΤΑΞΥ ΤΟΥΣ ΟΣΟΝ ΑΦΟΡΑ ΤΗΝ ΚΑΤΑΝΟΜΗ ΤΩΝ ΠΑΡΑΚΑΤΩ ΠΑΡΑΓΟΝΤΩΝ: Α. ΤΟ ΦΥΛΟ, Β. ΤΗΝ ΗΛΙΚΙΑ. Γ. ΤΗΝ ΤΡΑΧΕΙΟΣΤΟΜΙΑ. Δ. ΤΗ ΔΙΑΡΚΕΙΑΜΗΧΑΝΙΚΗΣ ΑΝΑΠΝΟΗΣ. Ε. ΤΗ ΧΡΟΝΙΑ ΑΝΑΠΝΕΥΣΤΙΚΗ ΑΝΕΠΑΡΚΕΙΑ . ΣΤ. ΤΟΝ ΠΡΟΣΦΑΤΟ ΤΡΑΥΜΑΤΙΣΜΟ ΑΠΟ ΤΡΟΧΑΙΟ ΑΤΥΧΗΜΑ. Ζ. ΤΟ ΒΑΚΤΗΡΙΑΚΟ ΑΠΟΙΚΙΣΜΟ ΤΟΥ ΑΣΘΕΝΗ. Η. ΤΗΝ ΑΛΛΑΓΗ ΤΩΝ ΣΩΛΗΝΩΣΕΩΝ ΤΟΥ ΑΝΑΠΝΕΥΣΤΗΡΑ ΚΑΘΕ 24 ΩΡΕΣ. Θ. ΤΗ ΔΙΑΡΚΕΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΝΟΣΗΛΕΙΑΣΣΕ ΑΛΛΟ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΤΟΥ ΝΟΣΟΚΟΜΕΙΟΥ 'Η ΣΕ ΑΛΛΟ ΝΟΣΟΚΟΜΕΙΟ >1 ΜΕΡΑ. Ι. ΤΗ ΛΗΨΗ ΚΟΡΤΙΚΟΣΤΕΡΟΕΙΔΩΝ. ΙΑ. ΤΟ ΒΑΚΤΗΡΙΑΚΟ ΑΠΟΙΚΙΣΜΟ ΤΩΝ ΜΗΧΑΝΗΜΑΤΩΝ. ΙΒ. ΤΟ ΒΑΚΤΗΡΙΑΚΟ ΑΠΟΙΚΙΣΜΟ ΤΟΥ ΥΓΡΟΥ ΤΩΝ ΣΩΛΗΝΩΣΕΩΝ . (ΠΕΡΙΚΟΠΗ

Η οργάνωση του χώρου και η επιρροή του στη μαθησιακή διαδικασία.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία διερεύνησε τις απόψεις των μαθητών πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης σχετικά με το ποιοι είναι επακριβώς οι χώροι που απαρτίζουν τα σχολικά συγκροτήματα, καθώς επίσης, και πόσο ποιοτικοί είναι. Σκοπός της έρευνας ήταν να μελετηθούν οι παραπάνω απόψεις, με απώτερο στόχο να γίνει αντιληπτό αν οι μαθητές αισθάνονται ότι οι εγκαταστάσεις των σχολείων τους, διευκολύνουν τη μαθησιακή διαδικασία. Για την υλοποίηση της έρευνας επιλέχθηκε η ποσοτική ανάλυση και ως εργαλείο συλλογής δεδομένων χρησιμοποιήθηκε ερωτηματολόγιο το οποίο δημιουργήθηκε από τον ΟΟΣΑ, από τον οποίο και ζητήθηκε και λήφθηκε άδεια χρήσης του. Οι συμμετέχοντες της έρευνας ήταν μαθητές της πέμπτης και της έκτης Δημοτικού οι οποίοι είχαν τη γραπτή συγκατάθεση των γονέων ή των κηδεμόνων τους για τη συμμετοχή στην παρούσα έρευνα. Σύμφωνα με τα ευρήματα της έρευνας, όλες ανεξαιρέτως οι συμμετέχουσες σχολικές μονάδες διαθέτουν παραδοσιακές αίθουσες διδασκαλίας, χώρους στο διάδρομο έξω από τις σχολικές αίθουσες, και χώρο πολλαπλών χρήσεων/ θέατρο, ενώ ορισμένες από αυτές, έχουν και βιβλιοθήκη, εργαστήριο επιστημών, εργαστήριο ΤΠΕ και γυμναστήριο. Αυτό που παρατηρήθηκε από τις απαντήσεις των συμμετεχόντων είναι ότι με εξαίρεση την παραδοσιακή αίθουσα διδασκαλίας, όλοι οι υπόλοιποι χώροι χρησιμοποιούνταν σπάνια έως ποτέ κατά τη διάρκεια του μαθήματος. Όσον αφορά τους εξωτερικούς χώρους, όλα τα σχολεία διαθέτουν σχολική αυλή και γήπεδο εξωτερικού χώρου με σκληρή επιφάνεια, ενώ τα περισσότερα διαθέτουν και χώρους πρασίνου και μόλις ένα διαθέτει αθλητικό γήπεδο. Και σε αυτή την περίπτωση, οι παραπάνω χώροι δεν χρησιμοποιούνται συχνά κατά τη διάρκεια των μαθημάτων. Σε ό,τι αφορά την ποιότητα και την άνεση των εσωτερικών και των εξωτερικών χώρων των σχολικών μονάδων οι μαθητές ήταν αρκετά ικανοποιημένοι από την ακουστική, ωστόσο, ενοχλούνταν από τους εξωτερικούς θορύβους. Παράλληλα, ικανοποίηση έδειξαν για την θερμοκρασία όταν επικρατούν κρύες συνθήκες εξωτερικά, εντούτοις, δεν ισχύει το ίδιο όταν επικρατούν θερμές συνθήκες στο εξωτερικό περιβάλλον. Ενώ τέλος, οι μαθητές ήταν σχετικά ικανοποιημένοι με την ποσότητα του φωτός στις σχολικές αίθουσες αν και τόνισαν ότι υπάρχει έντονη φωτεινότητα από την εξωτερική ηλιοφάνεια.This thesis investigated the opinions of primary school students on what exactly are the spaces that constitute the school complexes as well as how qualitative they are. The purpose of the research was to study the above opinions, with the ultimate goal of realizing if the students feel that the facilities of their schools facilitate the learning process. For the implementation of the research, quantitative analysis was chosen while the data collection tool was a questionnaire created by the OECD, from which permission to use it was requested and obtained. The research participants were fifth and sixth grade students who had the written consent of their parents or guardians to participate in this research. According to the findings of the research, all the participating school units without exception have traditional classrooms, spaces in the corridor outside the classrooms, and a multipurpose space/theatre, while some of them also have a library, a science lab, an ICT lab and a gym. What was observed from the participants&apos; responses is that with the exception of the traditional classroom, all other spaces were rarely if ever used during the course. In terms of outdoor spaces, all schools have a school yard and an outdoor hard surface field, while most also have green spaces and only one has a sports field. And in this case, the above spaces are not often used during the lessons. Regarding the quality and comfort of the indoor and outdoor spaces of the school units, the students were quite satisfied with the acoustics, however, they were disturbed by the external noises. At the same time, they showed satisfaction with the temperature when there are cold conditions outside, however, that is not valid when it comes to warm conditions outside. Finally, the students were relatively satisfied with the amount of light in the classrooms, although they pointed out that there is strong brightness from the sunlight

Infection Probability Score, APACHE II and KARNOFSKY scoring systems as predictors of bloodstream infection onset in hematology-oncology patients

Abstract Background Bloodstream Infections (BSIs) in neutropenic patients often cause considerable morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the surveillance and early identification of patients at high risk for developing BSIs might be useful for the development of preventive measures. The aim of the current study was to assess the predictive power of three scoring systems: Infection Probability Score (IPS), APACHE II and KARNOFSKY score for the onset of Bloodstream Infections in hematology-oncology patients. Methods A total of 102 patients who were hospitalized for more than 48 hours in a hematology-oncology department in Athens, Greece between April 1st and October 31st 2007 were included in the study. Data were collected by using an anonymous standardized recording form. Source materials included medical records, temperature charts, information from nursing and medical staff, and results on microbiological testing. Patients were followed daily until hospital discharge or death. Results Among the 102 patients, Bloodstream Infections occurred in 17 (16.6%) patients. The incidence density of Bloodstream Infections was 7.74 per 1,000 patient-days or 21.99 per 1,000 patient-days at risk. The patients who developed a Bloodstream Infection were mainly females (p = 0.004), with twofold time mean length of hospital stay (p Conclusion Between the three different prognostic scoring systems, Infection Probability Score had the best sensitivity in predicting Bloodstream Infections.</p

Infection probability score, APACHE II and KARNOFSKY scoring systems as predictors of bloodstream infection onset in hematology-oncology patients

Background: Bloodstream Infections (BSIs) in neutropenic patients often cause considerable morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the surveillance and early identification of patients at high risk for developing BSIs might be useful for the development of preventive measures. The aim of the current study was to assess the predictive power of three scoring systems: Infection Probability Score (IPS), APACHE II and KARNOFSKY score for the onset of Bloodstream Infections in hematology-oncology patients.Methods: A total of 102 patients who were hospitalized for more than 48 hours in a hematology-oncology department in Athens, Greece between April 1stand October 31st2007 were included in the study. Data were collected by using an anonymous standardized recording form. Source materials included medical records, temperature charts, information from nursing and medical staff, and results on microbiological testing. Patients were followed daily until hospital discharge or death.Results: Among the 102 patients, Bloodstream Infections occurred in 17 (16.6%) patients. The incidence density of Bloodstream Infections was 7.74 per 1,000 patient-days or 21.99 per 1,000 patient-days at risk. The patients who developed a Bloodstream Infection were mainly females (p = 0.004), with twofold time mean length of hospital stay (p <, 0.001), with fourfold time mean length of neutropenia (p <, 0.001), with neutropenia <, 500 (p <, 0.001), suffered mainly from acute myeloid leukemia (p <, 0.001), had been exposed to antibiotics (p = 0.045) and chemotherapy (p = 0.023), had a surgery (p = 0.048) and a Hickman catheter (p = 0.025) as compared to the patients without Bloodstream Infection. The best cut-off value of IPS for the prediction of a Bloodstream Infection was 10 with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 70.9%. Conclusion: Between the three different prognostic scoring systems, Infection Probability Score had the best sensitivity in predicting Bloodstream Infections. 2010 Apostolopoulou et al, licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Infection probability score : a predictor of clostridium difficile-associated disease onset in patients with haematological malignancy

Purpose: to assess the predictive power of three systems: Infection Probability Score, APACHE II and KARNOFSKY score for the onset of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) in hematology-oncology patients. Methods and sample: A retrospective pilot surveillance survey was conducted in the hematology unit of a general hospital in Greece. Data were collected by using an anonymous standardised case-record form. The sample consisted of 102 hospitalized patients. Results: The majority of the patients (33.3%) suffered from acute myeloid leukemia. The cumulative incidence of CDAD was 10.8% and the incidence rate of C difficile associated diarrhea was 5 per 1000 patient-days (14.2 per 1000 patient-days at risk). Patients with CDAD had twofold higher time of mean length of hospital stay compared with patients without CDAD (38.82 ± 23.88 vs 19.45 ± 14.56 days). Additionally patients with CDAD had received a greater number of different antibiotics compared to those without CDAD (5.18 ± 1.99 vs 2.54 ± 2.13), suffered from diabetes, from non Hodgkin's lymphoma, had a statistically significant higher duration of neutropenia ≥3 days and had received antifungal treatment. The best cutoff value of IPS for the prediction of CDAD was 13 with a sensitivity of 45.5% and a specificity of 82.4%. Conclusions: IPS is an early diagnostic test for CDAD detection

A comparison of the hand hygiene knowledge, beliefs, and practices of Greek nursing and medical students

Profession influences healthcare workers\u27 hand hygiene (HH) adherence. Greek nursing and medical students were surveyed to determine if there were cross-disciplinary differences in HH education, assessment, knowledge, beliefs and practices. Nursing students\u27 HH knowledge was significantly higher than that of medical students. Nursing students reported significantly more positive HH practices and beliefs, and received more HH education and assessment than medical students. Improving undergraduate HH education may improve graduates\u27 HH knowledge, beliefs and practices