Codiseño de un sistema de control en red para regular la velocidad de un motor DC

This work shows the codesign of the control and the implementation architecture in a scheme of networked control systems that regulates the speed of a DC motor; since the control algorithm analysis the characteristics of the implementation architecture are considered. The experimental results and of simulation allow to validate the design made. The characteristics of the levels that conform this system are considered in their totality during the phases of designing; it means, at he same representation are analyzed the retardations, the data flow and the system components functionality, allowing to diminish the different between the experimental results and the results of simulation. The design procedure used is the result of integrating several techniques and methodologies to specify and to design real time systems, which allow to use the advantages displayed in these techniques, such as the codesign hardware - software.En este trabajo se presenta el codiseño del algoritmo de control y de la plataforma de implementación de un sistema en red que regula la velocidad de un motor DC, para lo cual, desde el análisis del algoritmo de control, se consideran las características de la plataforma de implementación. Los resultados de simulación y experimentales permiten validar el diseño realizado. Las características de los niveles que conforman el sistema son consideradas en su totalidad durante las fases de diseño; es decir, en una misma representación se analizan los retardos, el flujo de datos y la funcionalidad de los componentes del sistema, permitiendo disminuir la diferencia entre los resultados experimentales y los resultados de simulación. El procedimiento de diseño utilizado es el resultado de integrar varias técnicas y metodologías para especificar y diseñar sistemas de tiempo real, lo cual permite utilizar las ventajas presentadas en estas técnicas, tales como el codiseño hardware-software

Software Components for Smart Industry Based on Microservices: A Case Study in pH Control Process for the Beverage Industry

[EN] Modern industries require constant adaptation to new trends. Thus, they seek greater flexibility and agility to cope with disruptions, as well as to solve needs or meet the demand for growth. Therefore, smart industrial applications require a lot of flexibility to be able to react more quickly to continuous market changes, offer more personalized products, increase operational efficiency, and achieve optimum operating points that integrate the entire value chain of a process. This requires the capture of new data that are subsequently processed at different levels of the hierarchy of automation processes, with requirements and technologies according to each level. The result is a new challenge related to the addition of new functionalities in the processes and the interoperability between them. This paper proposes a distributed computational component-based framework that integrates communication, computation, and storage resources and real-time capabilities through container technology, microservices, and the publish/subscribe paradigm, as well as contributing to the development and implementation of industrial automation applications by bridging the gap between generic architectures and physical realizations. The main idea is to enable plug-and-play software components, from predefined components with their interrelationships, to achieve industrial applications without losing or degrading the robustness from previous developments. This paper presents the process of design and implementation with the proposed framework through the implementation of a complex pH control process, ranging from the simulation part to its scaling and implementation to an industrial level, showing the plug-and-play assembly from a definition of components with their relationships to the implementation process with the respective technologies involved. The effectiveness of the proposed framework was experimentally verified in a real production process, showing that the results scaled to an industrial scale comply with the simulated design process. A qualitative comparison with traditional industrial implementations, based on the implementation requirements, was carried out. The implementation was developed in the beverage production plant "Punta Delicia", located in Colima, Mexico. Finally, the results showed that the platform provided a high-fidelity design, analysis, and testing environment for cyber information flow and their effect on the physical operation of the pH control.This work has been supported by for research cooperation between Universidad de Colima (Mexico), Universidad Autonoma de Occidente (Colombia), Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (Spain) and the juice production plant Punta Delicia located in Colima, Mexico.Serrano-Magaña, H.; González-Potes, A.; Ibarra-Junquera, V.; Balbastre, P.; Martínez-Castro, D.; Simó Ten, JE. (2021). Software Components for Smart Industry Based on Microservices: A Case Study in pH Control Process for the Beverage Industry. Electronics. 10(7):1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics1007076312110

Uso de una plataforma educativa móvil como apoyo al proceso educativo.

La tecnología inalámbrica permite el trabajo en un campo, casi sin fronteras. Esto amplía el pensamiento al diseño de nuevas formas de control remoto, acceso a datos y comunicación. El uso de dispositivos y la tecnología móvil convergen en el ambiente diario agilizando tareas diversas e inclusive formando parte en el aprendizaje de la persona

Developing a New Wireless Sensor Network Platform and Its Application in Precision Agriculture

Wireless sensor networks are gaining greater attention from the research community and industrial professionals because these small pieces of “smart dust” offer great advantages due to their small size, low power consumption, easy integration and support for “green” applications. Green applications are considered a hot topic in intelligent environments, ubiquitous and pervasive computing. This work evaluates a new wireless sensor network platform and its application in precision agriculture, including its embedded operating system and its routing algorithm. To validate the technological platform and the embedded operating system, two different routing strategies were compared: hierarchical and flat. Both of these routing algorithms were tested in a small-scale network applied to a watermelon field. However, we strongly believe that this technological platform can be also applied to precision agriculture because it incorporates a modified version of LORA-CBF, a wireless location-based routing algorithm that uses cluster-based flooding. Cluster-based flooding addresses the scalability concerns of wireless sensor networks, while the modified LORA-CBF routing algorithm includes a metric to monitor residual battery energy. Furthermore, results show that the modified version of LORA-CBF functions well with both the flat and hierarchical algorithms, although it functions better with the flat algorithm in a small-scale agricultural network

Experimental analysis towards vehicular Ad-hoc networks

Presentamos en este trabajo resultados de medición y análisis realizado sobre importantes características de modelos de propagación inalámbrica en Redes Ad-hoc Vehiculares (RAV) en autopistas: Efecto Doppler, propagación de las señales en espacio libre, pérdidas por trayectoria y el margen de operación del sistema. En este trabajo hemos considerado tarjetas inalámbricas 802.11b para la comunicación intervehicular. En el análisis analítico, se han usado dos modelos de propagación: modelos a pequeña y gran escala. Por un lado, de acuerdo a los modelos de gran escala, la máxima distancia entre el transmisor y el receptor es de 446 m., con un margen de operación del sistema (MOS) de 13 dB, el cual está sobre el mínimo margen recomendado. Por el otro lado, se ha encontrado con el resultado de modelos a pequeña escala, que el efecto Doppler no afecta la comunicación entre transmisor y receptor en altas velocidades. Finalmente, se ha realizado un experimento que permite validar los resultados obtenidos analíticamente en el escenario más adverso posible, que es cuando el transmisor y receptor viajan en direcciones opuestas. Con los resultados experimentales se ha concluido que es posible enviar un mínimo de 8 mensajes cuando las antenas del transmisor y receptor se montan al interior de los automóviles

Modelado de un protocolo inalámbrico de tiempo real para aplicaciones de control y monitoreo remoto

El crecimiento que ha tenido en los últimos años el desarrollo de aplicaciones para sistemas embebidos de tiempo real ha sido acompañado de un crecimiento en la complejidad de estos mismos. Esto ha puesto en evidencia la necesidad de herramientas que brinden al usuario un alto nivel de abstracción que le permita disminuir la complejidad y los errores ocasionados durante las fases de diseño y validación. En este trabajo se presenta el modelado en redes de Petri coloreadas y la descripción de un protocolo de comunicación de tiempo real para sistemas inalámbricos, que asegura determinismo en el acceso al medio inalámbrico mediante la planificación de paquetes. También se presentan los resultados obtenidos de distintos ensayos realizados sobre este modelo.The past decade has witnessed significant advances in the area of applications for real time embedded systems, which have grown in both size and complexity. Consequently, users need improved tools to provide the increased levels of abstraction they require to minimize complexity, as well as actually reduce the number and severity of errors that occur during the design and validation phases of development. This work presents a Colored Petri Net Model and the description of a real time communication protocol for wireless systems that assures determinism with regards access to the wireless medium by planning packet transfer. Results obtained from different tests of this model are also presented and discussed

Modelado de un protocolo inalámbrico de tiempo real para aplicaciones de control y monitoreo remoto

The past decade has witnessed significant advances in the area of applications for real time embedded systems, which have grown in both size and complexity. Consequently, users need improved tools to provide the increased levels of abstraction they require to minimize complexity, as well as actually reduce the number and severity of errors that occur during the design and validation phases of development. This work presents a Colored Petri Net Model and the description of a real time communication protocol for wireless systems that assures determinism with regards access to the wireless medium by planning packet transfer. Results obtained from different tests of this model are also presented and discussed.El crecimiento que ha tenido en los últimos años el desarrollo de aplicaciones para sistemas embebidos de tiempo real ha sido acompañado de un crecimiento en la complejidad de estos mismos. Esto ha puesto en evidencia la necesidad de herramientas que brinden al usuario un alto nivel de abstracción que le permita disminuir la complejidad y los errores ocasionados durante las fases de diseño y validación. En este trabajo se presenta el modelado en redes de Petri coloreadas y la descripción de un protocolo de comunicación de tiempo real para sistemas inalámbricos, que asegura determinismo en el acceso al medio inalámbrico mediante la planificación de paquetes. También se presentan los resultados obtenidos de distintos ensayos realizados sobre este modelo

Detection and isolation of dos and integrity cyber attacks in cyber-physical systems with a neural network-based architecture

New applications of industrial automation request great flexibility in the systems, supported by the increase in the interconnection between its components, allowing access to all the information of the system and its reconfiguration based on the changes that occur during its operations, with the purpose of reaching optimum points of operation. These aspects promote the Smart Factory paradigm, integrating physical and digital systems to create smarts products and processes capable of transforming conventional value chains, forming the Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs). This flexibility opens a large gap that affects the security of control systems since the new communication links can be used by people to generate attacks that produce risk in these applications. This is a recent problem in the control systems, which originally were centralized and later were implemented as interconnected systems through isolated networks. To protect these systems, strategies that have presented acceptable results in other environments, such as office environments, have been chosen. However, the characteristics of these applications are not the same, and the results achieved are not as expected. This problem has motivated several efforts in order to contribute from different approaches to increase the security of control systems. Based on the above, this work proposes an architecture based on artificial neural networks for detection and isolation of cyber attacks Denial of Service (DoS) and integrity in CPS. Simulation results of two test benches, the Secure Water Treatment (SWaT) dataset, and a tanks system, show the effectiveness of the proposal. Regarding the SWaT dataset, the scores obtained from the recall and F1 score metrics was 0.95 and was higher than other reported works, while, in terms of precision and accuracy, it obtained a score of 0.95 which is close to other proposed methods. With respect to the interconnected tank system, scores of 0.96, 0.83, 0.81, and 0.83 were obtained for the accuracy, precision, F1 score, and recall metrics, respectively. The high true negatives rate in both cases is noteworthy. In general terms, the proposal has a high effectiveness in detecting and locating the proposed attack

Smart Control System to Optimize Time of Use in a Solar-Assisted Air-Conditioning by Ejector for Residential Sector

The present work provides a series of theoretical improvements of a control strategy in order to optimize the time of use of solar air-conditioning by an ejector distributed in multiple solar collectors of vacuum tubes for the residential sector, which will allow us to reduce carbon-dioxide emissions, costs and electrical energy consumption. In a solar ejector cooling system, the instability of the solar source of energy causes an operational conflict between the solar thermal system and ejector cooling cycle. A fuzzy control structure for the supervisory ejector cycle and multi-collector control system is developed: the first control is applied to control the mass flow of the generator and the evaporator for different cooling capacities (3, 3.5, 4, 4.5 and 5 kW) and set a temperature reference according to the operating conditions; the second is applied to keep a constant temperature power source that feeds the low-grade ejector cooling cycle using R134aas refrigerant. For the present work, the temperature of the generator oscillates between 65 °C and 90 °C, a condenser temperature of 30 °C and an evaporator temperature of 10 °C. For the purpose of optimization, there are different levels of performance for time of use: the Mode 0 (economic) gives a performance of 17.55 h, Mode 5 (maximum cooling power) 14.86 h and variable mode (variable mode of capacities) 16.25 h, on average. Simulations are done in MATLAB-Simulink applying fuzzy logic for a mathematical model of the thermal balance. They are compared with two different types of solar radiation: real radiation and disturbed radiation