Reducción de la fertilización sintética con composta y optimización del riego sobre la pudrición del tallo (Fusarium spp) del maíz

Maize is the most important grain crop in Mexico due to the largest area grown and as the main source of feeding nationwide; being Sinaloa de major producer. The same crop over repeated seasons has favored disease proliferation of stem and ear rot mainly attributed to Fusarium spp which represents a risk potential so that growers are warned top pay close attention to crop management. With the purpose of evaluating the effect of synthetic fertilization with compost and irrigation on maize stem and ear rot at Valle del Fuerte. Field experiments were conducted in the growing season of 2009 at INIFAP. The experiments were arranged under a split plot in randomized complete block design with three replicates. At the end of the season, it was found that fertilization or irrigation by themselves did not have any significant effect in yield and phenology variables evaluated. However, incidence on stem rot which was evaluated at 53 days after planting was that of 100%. Moreover, there were significant differences regarding severity of rotten ears when less irrigation was applied. Finally, morphological study showed that the main agent associated in maize stem rot was Fusarium verticilliodes. In contrast to that of ear rot that the main agents involved were Apergillus spp, Penicillum pinophilum, and with a higher incidence was Fusarium verticilliodes.El maíz es el cultivo agrícola de grano más importante de México por ser sembrado con mayor superficie y ser la base de la alimentación en toda la nación siendo Sinaloa el principal productor. La siembra repetitiva del cultivo efectuada a través de los años, ha favorecido la proliferación de enfermedades como la pudrición de tallos y la pudrición de mazorcas, atribuidas principalmente a Fusarium spp, las cuales representan un potencial de riesgo y han alertado al productor a poner mucha atención en el manejo del cultivo. Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la fertilización sintética con composta y riego sobre la pudrición de tallos y mazorcas de maíz en el Valle del Fuerte; experimentos de campo se condujeron en el ciclo agrícola primavera-verano 2009 en el INIFAP. El experimento fue diseñado en parcelas divididas en bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones; al final del ciclo se encontró que no hubo diferencias significativas del factor fertilización y riego respecto al rendimiento así como las variables fenológicas evaluadas. La incidencia de pudrición de tallos evaluada a los 53 días después de la siembra fue de 100%. Sin embargo, se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la severidad de mazorcas podridas donde se aplicaron menos riegos. Finalmente, el estudio morfológico mostro que el principal agente asociado en pudrición de tallos fue Fusarium verticilliodes y en cuanto a pudrición de mazorcas se detectó una mayor diversidad de agentes asociados tales como Apergillus spp, Penicillum pinophilum, y con mayor incidencia Fusarium verticilliodes

Reducción de la fertilización sintética con composta y optimización del riego sobre la pudrición del tallo (Fusarium spp) del maíz

Maize is the most important grain crop in Mexico due to the largest area grown and as the main source of feeding nationwide; being Sinaloa de major producer. The same crop over repeated seasons has favored disease proliferation of stem and ear rot mainly attributed to Fusarium spp which represents a risk potential so that growers are warned top pay close attention to crop management. With the purpose of evaluating the effect of synthetic fertilization with compost and irrigation on maize stem and ear rot at Valle del Fuerte. Field experiments were conducted in the growing season of 2009 at INIFAP. The experiments were arranged under a split plot in randomized complete block design with three replicates. At the end of the season, it was found that fertilization or irrigation by themselves did not have any significant effect in yield and phenology variables evaluated. However, incidence on stem rot which was evaluated at 53 days after planting was that of 100%. Moreover, there were significant differences regarding severity of rotten ears when less irrigation was applied. Finally, morphological study showed that the main agent associated in maize stem rot was Fusarium verticilliodes. In contrast to that of ear rot that the main agents involved were Apergillus spp, Penicillum pinophilum, and with a higher incidence was Fusarium verticilliodes.El maíz es el cultivo agrícola de grano más importante de México por ser sembrado con mayor superficie y ser la base de la alimentación en toda la nación siendo Sinaloa el principal productor. La siembra repetitiva del cultivo efectuada a través de los años, ha favorecido la proliferación de enfermedades como la pudrición de tallos y la pudrición de mazorcas, atribuidas principalmente a Fusarium spp, las cuales representan un potencial de riesgo y han alertado al productor a poner mucha atención en el manejo del cultivo. Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la fertilización sintética con composta y riego sobre la pudrición de tallos y mazorcas de maíz en el Valle del Fuerte; experimentos de campo se condujeron en el ciclo agrícola primavera-verano 2009 en el INIFAP. El experimento fue diseñado en parcelas divididas en bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones; al final del ciclo se encontró que no hubo diferencias significativas del factor fertilización y riego respecto al rendimiento así como las variables fenológicas evaluadas. La incidencia de pudrición de tallos evaluada a los 53 días después de la siembra fue de 100%. Sin embargo, se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la severidad de mazorcas podridas donde se aplicaron menos riegos. Finalmente, el estudio morfológico mostro que el principal agente asociado en pudrición de tallos fue Fusarium verticilliodes y en cuanto a pudrición de mazorcas se detectó una mayor diversidad de agentes asociados tales como Apergillus spp, Penicillum pinophilum, y con mayor incidencia Fusarium verticilliodes

Synthetic fertilization reduction with compost and irrigation optimization on maize stem rot (Fusarium spp)

Maize is the most important grain crop in Mexico due to the largest area grown and as the main source of feeding nationwide; being Sinaloa de major producer. The same crop over repeated seasons has favored disease proliferation of stem and ear rot mainly attributed to Fusarium spp which represents a risk potential so that growers are warned top pay close attention to crop management. With the purpose of evaluating the effect of synthetic fertilization with compost and irrigation on maize stem and ear rot at Valle del Fuerte. Field experiments were conducted in the growing season of 2009 at INIFAP. The experiments were arranged under a split plot in randomized complete block design with three replicates. At the end of the season, it was found that fertilization or irrigation by themselves did not have any significant effect in yield and phenology variables evaluated. However, incidence on stem rot which was evaluated at 53 days after planting was that of 100%. Moreover, there were significant differences regarding severity of rotten ears when less irrigation was applied. Finally, morphological study showed that the main agent associated in maize stem rot was Fusarium verticilliodes. In contrast to that of ear rot that the main agents involved were Apergillus spp, Penicillum pinophilum, and with a higher incidence was Fusarium verticilliodes

Characterization of Neopestalotiopsis Species Associated with Mango Grey Leaf Spot Disease in Sinaloa, Mexico

Mango is one of the most popular and nutritious fruits in the world and Mexico is the world’s largest exporter. There are many diseases that directly affect fruit yield and quality. During the period 2016–2017, leaves with grey leaf spots were collected from 28 commercial mango orchards distributed in two main production areas in Sinaloa State of Mexico, and 50 Neopestalotiopsis isolates were obtained. Fungal identification of 20 representative isolates was performed using morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA, part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF) and the β-tubulin (TUB) genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 20 isolates from this study formed four consistent groups, however, overall tree topologies do not consistently provide a stable and sufficient resolution. Therefore, even though morphological and phylogenetic separation is evident, these isolates were not assigned to any new taxa and were tentatively placed into four clades (clades A–D). Pathogenicity tests on detached mango leaves of cv. Kent showed that the 20 isolates that belong to the four Neopestalotiopsis clades from this study and induce lesions on mango leaves. This is the first report of species of Neopestalotiopsis causing mango grey leaf spot disease in Mexico