Extending Citizenship Rights to Third Country Nationals: The Correlation between Migration and Integration: A Sample from South Europe. CEPS Working Document No. 175, October 2001

Various issues arise in the European context with respect to the boundaries of citizenship; one of the main questions is to what extent the division between the European Union citizens and third country nationals will increase, especially if "deepening" of the Union leads to more tightening of its external borders. This paper addresses the question of how far citizenship rights can be extended to third country migrants in the EU? The paper is divided into two parts; the first is a brief theoretical approach to questions about the parameters of citizenship in the EU. The second part focuses on Italy and Spain as new receiving states affected by North\South migration in the Mediterranean (their policies, people's attitudes, internal distribution of migrants, etc.) and compares their current position with the countries who have had a tradition of labour immigration since the1960s. It contrasts policy and practice vis-à-vis Maghrebi nationals in these two countries, although both are Mediterranean states in close geographical proximity to North Africa. The analysis suggests that the problems encountered by the different Mediterreanean EU members have, in some respects, to be treated on an individual basis. My empirical focus is mainly centred on labour immigration from the Maghreb countries (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia) and the public policy implications for the EU as a supranational Community rather than as a group of individual member states. I have chosen the Maghrebi immigrants not only because they constitute a high percentage of immigrants residing and working at present in the EU (about 2.5 million), but because their numbers have increased significantly (for both economic and political reasons). The empirical material largely relates to legally resident migrant workers in the EU and their families. The conclusion attempts to show why the EU cannot avoid dealing with this issue at least to some extent. The development of the EU's principles of the free movement of persons within the Community in order to work in another member state, equal treatment and social justice will be tested as they apply to the position of legally resident third country nationals

Striking a Balance between Freedom, Security and Justice. CEPS Paperback. October 2002

This monograph surveys the achievements of the European Union in the field of Justice and Home Affairs and analyses the pro’s and con’s of setting up an area of freedom, security and justice. The inter-connections between internal and external security issues are carefully examined - both from a practical and institutional point of view-and consideration is given to how to avoid excessive “securitisation” of society. It argues for the need to take an integrated approach towards these issues in order to ensure that the right balance is actually being struck between these three dimensions

Navigating the Stars: Norway, the European Economic Area and the European Union. CEPS Paperback. February 2002

This study expertly assesses the evolving relationship between Norway and the European Union, the centrepiece of which is the European Economic Area (EEA). Faced with an increasingly outdated network of relationships with the EU, Norway finds itself marginalised from policy-making and subject instead to policy-taking. This report evaluates Norway’s position in relation to the ‘future of Europe’ debate as well as a range of hypothetical options that Norway may contemplate, focusing on several key policy areas including the single market, the macroeconomic agenda, justice and home affairs, and foreign security and defence policies

Comparison between PI and PR current controllers in grid connected PV inverters

This paper presents a comparison between Proportional Integral (PI) and Proportional Resonant (PR) current controllers used in Grid Connected Photovoltaic (PV) Inverters. Both simulation and experimental results will be presented. A 3kW Grid- Connected PV Inverter was designed and constructed for this research.peer-reviewe

Single-phase microgrid with seamless transition capabilities between modes of operation

Microgrids are an effective way to increase the penetration of DG into the grid. They are capable of operating either in grid-connected or in islanded mode thereby increasing the supply reliability for the end user. This paper focuses on achieving seamless transitions from islanded to grid-connected and vice versa for a single phase microgrid made up from voltage controlled voltage source inverters (VC-VSIs) and current controlled voltage source inverters (CC-VSIs) working together in both modes of operation. The primary control structures for the VC-VSIs and CC-VSIs is considered together with the secondary control loops that are used to synchronize the microgrid as a single unit to the grid. Simulation results are given that show the seamless transitions between the two modes without any disconnection times for the CC-VSIs and VC-VSIs connected to the microgrid.peer-reviewe

Design of PR current control with selective harmonic compensators using Matlab

This paper presents a procedure to design a Proportional Resonant (PR) current controller with additional PR selective harmonic compensators for Grid Connected Photovoltaic (PV) Inverters. The design of the PR current control and the harmonic compensators will be carried out using Matlab. Testing was carried out on a 3kW Grid- Connected PV Inverter which was designed and constructed for this research. Both simulation and experimental results will be presented.peer-reviewe

A Comparative Evaluation of Two Algorithms for Windows Registry Anomaly Detection

We present a component anomaly detector for a host-based intrusion detection system (IDS) for Microsoft Windows. The core of the detector is a learning-based anomaly detection algorithm that detects attacks on a host machine by looking for anomalous accesses to the Windows Registry. We present and compare two anomaly detection algorithms for use in our IDS system and evaluate their performance. One algorithm called PAD, for Probabilistic Anomaly Detection, is based upon a probability density estimation while the second uses the Support Vector Machine framework. The key idea behind the detector is to first train a model of normal Registry behavior on a Windows host, even when noise may be present in the training data, and use this model to detect abnormal Registry accesses. At run-time the model is used to check each access to the Registry in real-time to determine whether or not the behavior is abnormal and possibly corresponds to an attack. The system is effective in detecting the actions of malicious software while maintaining a low rate of false alarms. We show that the probabilistic anomaly detection algorithm exhibits better performance in accuracy and in computational complexity over the support vector machine implementation under three different kernel functions