Automated Confluence Proof by Decreasing Diagrams based on Rule-Labelling

Decreasing diagrams technique (van Oostrom, 1994) is a technique that can be widely applied to prove confluence of rewrite systems. To directly apply the decreasing diagrams technique to prove confluence of rewrite systems, rule-labelling heuristic has been proposed by van Oostrom (2008). We show how constraints for ensuring confluence of term rewriting systems constructed based on the rule-labelling heuristic are encoded as linear arithmetic constraints suitable for solving the satisfiability of them by external SMT solvers. We point out an additional constraint omitted in (van Oostrom, 2008) that is needed to guarantee the soundness of confluence proofs based on the rule-labelling heuristic extended to deal with non-right-linear rules. We also present several extensions of the rule-labelling heuristic by which the applicability of the technique is enlarged

Sound Lemma Generation for Proving Inductive Validity of Equations

In many automated methods for proving inductive theorems, finding a suitable generalization of a conjecture is a key for the success of proof attempts. On the other hand, an obtained generalized conjecture may not be a theorem, and in this case hopeless proof attempts for the incorrect conjecture are made, which is against the success and efficiency of theorem proving. Urso and Kounalis (2004) proposed a generalization method for proving inductive validity of equations, called sound generalization, that avoids such an over-generalization. Their method guarantees that if the original conjecture is an inductive theorem then so is the obtained generalization. In this paper, we revise and extend their method. We restore a condition on one of the characteristic argument positions imposed in their previous paper and show that otherwise there exists a counterexample to their main theorem. We also relax a condition imposed in their framework and add some flexibilities to some of other characteristic argument positions so as to enlarge the scope of the technique

Ground Confluence Prover based on Rewriting Induction

Ground confluence of term rewriting systems guarantees that all ground terms are confluent. Recently, interests in proving confluence of term rewriting systems automatically has grown, and confluence provers have been developed. But they mainly focus on confluence and not ground confluence. In fact, little interest has been paid to developing tools for proving ground confluence automatically. We report an implementation of a ground confluence prover based on rewriting induction, which is a method originally developed for proving inductive theorems

A Fast Decision Procedure For Uniqueness of Normal Forms w.r.t. Conversion of Shallow Term Rewriting Systems

Uniqueness of normal forms w.r.t. conversion (UNC) of term rewriting systems (TRSs) guarantees that there are no distinct convertible normal forms. It was recently shown that the UNC property of TRSs is decidable for shallow TRSs (Radcliffe et al., 2010). The existing procedure mainly consists of testing whether there exists a counterexample in a finite set of candidates; however, the procedure suffers a bottleneck of having a sheer number of such candidates. In this paper, we propose a new procedure which consists of checking a smaller number of such candidates and enumerating such candidates more efficiently. Correctness of the proposed procedure is proved and its complexity is analyzed. Furthermore, these two procedures have been implemented and it is experimentally confirmed that the proposed procedure runs much faster than the existing procedure

Simple Derivation Systems for Proving Sufficient Completeness of Non-Terminating Term Rewriting Systems

A term rewriting system (TRS) is said to be sufficiently complete when each function yields some value for any input. Proof methods for sufficient completeness of terminating TRSs have been well studied. In this paper, we introduce a simple derivation system for proving sufficient completeness of possibly non-terminating TRSs. The derivation system consists of rules to manipulate a set of guarded terms, and sufficient completeness of a TRS holds if there exists a successful derivation for each function symbol. We also show that variations of the derivation system are useful for proving special cases of local sufficient completeness of TRSs, which is a generalised notion of sufficient completeness

Note on the summational invariant and corresponding local Maxwellian for the Enskog equation

The summational invariant and the corresponding local Maxwellian that are compatible with the Enskog equation are discussed, with special interest in the presence of a boundary. The local Maxwellian corresponding to the summational invariant is restrictive compared to the case of the Boltzmann equation in the sense that a radial flow and time-dependent temperature are forbidden. However, a rigid body rotation with a constant angular velocity is admitted as in the case of the Boltzmann equation. The influence of the presence of a boundary is also discussed in simple situations

Improving Rewriting Induction Approach for Proving Ground Confluence

In (Aoto&Toyama, FSCD 2016), a method to prove ground confluence of many-sorted term rewriting systems based on rewriting induction is given. In this paper, we give several methods that add wider flexibility to the rewriting induction approach for proving ground confluence. Firstly, we give a method to deal with the case in which suitable rules are not presented in the input system. Our idea is to construct additional rewrite rules that supplement or replace existing rules in order to obtain a set of rules that is adequate for applying rewriting induction. Secondly, we give a method to deal with non-orientable constructor rules. This is accomplished by extending the inference system of rewriting induction and giving a sufficient criterion for the correctness of the system. Thirdly, we give a method to deal with disproving ground confluence. The presented methods are implemented in our ground confluence prover AGCP and experiments are reported. Our experiments reveal the presented methods are effective to deal with problems for which state-of-the-art ground confluence provers can not handle