Nanohybrid Materials Based on Carbon Nanotubes Encapsulating Catalytic Nanoparticles: Elaboration, Characterization & Applications

This report basically discusses the research done and understanding of the chosen topic, which is Nanohybrid Materials Based on Carbon Nanotubes Encapsulating Catalytic Nanoparticules: Elaboration, Characterization & Application. The aim of this project is to create nanohybrid material that will increase efficiency and performance of the existence material. The pristine Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWNT) will be oxidized first with acid nitric through acid treatment. Metal oxide will be encapsulated inside the Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWNT) by using hydrothermal route. Characterization techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) are being used to investigate the structure of the carbon nanotubes. From the characterization results, it is clearly can be seen that after the acid treatment reaction, the tip of the tube is open for Multiwalled nanotubes (MWNT) while it is close for pristine single walled nanotubes (SWNT). Also, from the FTIR result, it is proven that ZnO were introduced or encapsulated inside the MWNT after simple hydrothermal route reaction. Finally, the application of this nanohybrid material will be elaborate

Schematic Representation: How Students Creating IT?

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses terbentuknya representasi skematis murni dan representasi skematis campuran yang diciptakan oleh siswa selama menyelesaikan word problem. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif yang bersifat deskriprif. Dalam penelitian ini melibatkan 45 siswa kelas 8. Sedangkan untuk memilih subjek tidak dipilih secara acak, namun dipilih berdasarkan kemampuan siswa dalam menciptkan representasi skematik. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan meminta siswa untuk menyelesaikan Tugas Pemecahan Masalah secara think aload, yaitu siswa diminta untuk menyuarakan apa yang dipikirkannya. Selain itu siswa juga menuangkan pikirannya mengunakan kertas dan pensil. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses representasi skematis murni diciptakan siswa dengan membuat gambar skema berupa garis besar dari masalah dan dilengkapi dengan beberapa keterangan pokok yang ada dalam masalah. Sedangkan proses representasi skematis campuran diciptakan siswa dengan membuat gambar skema yang dilengkapi dengan keterangan-keterangan dan gambar nyata yang sesuai dengan situasi dalam masalah. Kedua jenis representasi skematis ini sangat efektif dalam membantu siswa dalam menyelesaikan word problem

Fire Safety Analysis of a Railway Compartment using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Trains are considered to be the safest on-land transportation means for both passengers and cargo. Train accidents have been mainly disastrous, especially in case of fire, where the consequences are extensive loss of life and goods. The fire would generate smoke and heat which would spread quickly inside the railway compartments. Both heat and smoke are the primary reasons of casualties in a train. This study has been carried out to perform numerical analysis of fire characteristics in a railway compartment using commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics code ANSYS. Non-premixed combustion model has been used to simulate a fire scenario within a railway compartment, while Shear Stress Transport k-ω turbulence model has been used to accurately predict the hot air turbulence parameters within the compartment. The walls of the compartment have been modelled as no-slip stationary adiabatic walls, as is observed in real life conditions. Carbon dioxide concentration (CO2), temperature distribution and air flow velocity within the railway compartment has been monitored. It has been observed that the smoke above the fire source flows to both sides of the compartment. The highest temperature zone is located downstream the fire source, and gradually decreases with the increase in the distance from the fire source. It can be seen that CFD can be used as an effective tool in order to analyse the evolution of fire in railway compartments with reasonable accuracy. The paper also briefly discusses the topical reliability issues

Pattern and management of maxillofacial fractures in Jordanian children and adolescents

The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics, etiology and treatment of maxillofacial fractures among children and adolescents in northern part of Jordan. A retrospective cohort study which included 91 children and adolescents patients who were treated for maxillofacial fractures during a period of three years between January 2019 and December 2021 at a tertiary hospital in Jordan. Over a period of three years, a total of 91 children between the age of 0 and 19 years were treated with 156 total maxillofacial fractures. Of these, 68 (74.73%) were males and 23 (25.27%) were females. One tenth of patients (10 (10.99%) were children of the preschool group and 55 patients (60.44%) were adolescents. Road traffic accident (RTA) was the most common cause of maxillofacial fractures, accounting for 57 (62.64%) of cases. Mandibular fractures were the most common and accounted for 82 (90.2%) of all fractures, followed by the zygomatic bone fractures 40 (44%). The most common treatment was intermaxillary fixation (IMF) with 53 (33.97%) fractures. Maxillofacial fractures are predominant among adolescents in comparison to children. RTA was the most common cause of maxillofacial fractures, mandibular fractures were the most common fractures, and intermaxillary fixation (IMF) was the most common treatment modality

Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Matematika Pada Anak Usia Dini (Tingkat PRA Sekolah/tk) Dan Alternatif Pemecahannya

Pendidikan anak usia dini adalah suatu upaya pembinaan yang ditujukan kepada anak sejak lahir sampai dengan usia enam tahun yang dilakukan melalui pemberian rangsangan pendidikan untuk membantu pertumbuhan dan perkembangan jasmani dan rohani agar anak memiliki kesiapan dalam memasuki pendidikan lebih lanjut. Hasil penelitian yang dilaksanakan menunjukkan bahwa subyek tidak mengalami kesulitan untuk menyelesaikan operasi perhitungan penjumlahan dalam bentuk gambar dan angka, sedangkan untuk pengurangan mengalami kesalahan perhitungan. Tetapi untuk penyelesaian soal penjumlahan dan pengurangan dalam bentuk soal cerita, subyek belum mampu menyelesaikannya. Hal tersebut dikarenakan subyek belum mampu memaknai isi dari soal yang diberikan. Untuk mengatasipermasalahan tersebut, alternatif yang diberikan pada saat penelitian adalah memberikan bimbingan untuk memaknai isi dari soal yang diberikan, setelah subyek dapat memaknai isi dari soal kemudian subyek diminta untuk menyelesaikan soal tersebut

"Is Deficit-Financed Growth Limited? Policies and Prospects in An Election Year"

Wynne Godley, our Levy Institute colleague, has warned since 1999 that the falling personal saving and rising borrowing trends that had powered the US economic expansion were not sustainable. He also warned that when these trends were reversed, as has happened in other countries, the expansion would come to a halt unless there were major changes in fiscal policy. Not long ago, official circles insisted that monetary policy was the most desirable tool, and that fiscal deficits were not only unnecessary but also harmful(ERP, 2000, p.31-34; Greenspan, 2000). Some economists, notably Edmund Phelps of Columbia University, went so far as to suggest that the economic expansion was not caused by rising demand, but rather because growth had become ÔstructuralÕ (Financial Times, August 9, 2000).

"Deficits, Debts and Growth: A Reprieve but not a Pardon"

These are fast moving times. Two years ago, the U.S. Congressional Budget Office (CBO, 2001) projected a federal budget surplus of $172 billion for fiscal year 2003. One year ago, the projected figure had changed to a deficit of$145 billion (CBO 2002). The actual figure, near the end of fiscal year 2003, turned out to be a deficit of about $390 billion. And just one month ago, President Bush submitted a request to Congress for an additional$87 billion appropriation for war expenditures, over and above the $166 billion tallied so far. It is widely anticipated that even this will have to be revised upward by the end of the coming year (Stevenson 2003; Firestone 2003).

"Is Personal Debt Sustainable?"

The long economic expansion was fueled by an unprecedented rise in private expenditure relative to income, financed by a growing flow of net credit to the private. On the surface, it seemed that the growing burden of the household sector's debt was counterbalanced by a spectacular rise in the relative value of its financial assets, but this was never a match among equals, and the great meltdown in the financial markets has proved this imbalance to be true. The private sector has dramatically cut back its acquisition of new credit and reversed the path of its financial balance, but this adjustment has been uneven within the sector: the business sector suffered a huge drop in investment while the household sector has continued to borrow.