Un componente ambiental en la formación de especialistas modernos

Environmental competence is recognized today as the most important professional and personal qualities of the graduate, the necessary basis for ensuring the quality of life of mankind, the development of production at preservation of harmony with nature. Issues of environmental training of the population, including students, are considered in the aspect of various theoretical approaches to human ecology and the formation of their ecological culture. The key ones are: the ideas of the historical relationship of society with nature; various aspects of the values and relations between the environment and society. In pedagogy the problem of ecological education and upbringing is studied from different positions: from general theoretical; from axiological; from methodical. The social-value and professional essence of ecological competence of specialists-ecologists caused by historical and evolutionary ideas of the nature and a place of the person in it; laws of relationship of the nature and society; the purposes of use of natural resources by production; existing and perspective ways of their preservation for future generations is revealed. Integrating various approaches, professionally directed educational work with college students is considered by us as a complex system of joint actions of managers, teachers, students, parents, representatives of public organizations, production, etc., aimed at creating conditions for effective personal and professional development of each student. The model of professionally oriented educational work with students–future ecologists includes the means of organizing a phased, consistent and comprehensive inclusion of students in various types, forms and methods of social and professional activities aimed at mastering environmental, research and propagandistic abilities and skills, the formation of the subjective position of the specialist and his social and environmental activity.  La competencia ambiental se reconoce hoy en día como las cualidades profesionales y personales más importantes del graduado, la base necesaria para garantizar la calidad de vida de la humanidad, el desarrollo de la producción para preservar la armonía con la naturaleza. Las cuestiones de la formación ambiental de la población, incluidos los estudiantes, se consideran en el aspecto de varios enfoques teóricos de la ecología humana y la formación de su cultura ecológica. Las claves son: las ideas de la relación histórica de la sociedad con la naturaleza; diversos aspectos de los valores y las relaciones entre el medio ambiente y la sociedad. En pedagogía, el problema de la educación ecológica y la educación se estudia desde diferentes posiciones: desde la teoría general; de axiológico; de metódico. El valor social y la esencia profesional de la competencia ecológica de especialistas ecologistas causada por ideas históricas y evolutivas de la naturaleza y el lugar de la persona en ella; leyes de relación de la naturaleza y sociedad; los propósitos del uso de los recursos naturales por producción; Se revelan las formas existentes y en perspectiva de su preservación para las generaciones futuras. La integración de varios enfoques, el trabajo educativo dirigido profesionalmente con estudiantes universitarios es considerado por nosotros como un sistema complejo de acciones conjuntas de gerentes, docentes, estudiantes, padres, representantes de organizaciones públicas, producción, etc., con el objetivo de crear las condiciones para un personal y profesional efectivo. desarrollo de cada alumno. El modelo de trabajo educativo orientado profesionalmente con estudiantes-futuros ecólogos incluye los medios para organizar una inclusión gradual, consistente e integral de los estudiantes en varios tipos, formas y métodos de actividades sociales y profesionales dirigidas a dominar las habilidades y habilidades ambientales, de investigación y propagandísticas, La formación de la posición subjetiva del especialista y su actividad social y ambiental

Measuring the Haqa’iq al-Tafsir: From its Contentious Nature to the Formation of Sunnite Sufism

This article discusses the Haqa’iq al-Tafsir by al-Sulami against the extant accusation of being Shi’ite. It is a certainly Sunnite commentary accumulated from their-own traditional sources as well as representing Sunnite theological principles. Despite its contentious title as well as the use of weak hadiths, the nature of Sulami’s tafsir was relatively free from either Shi’ite elements or mystico-philosophical notions contradictory to the spirit of Sunnite orthodoxy. Al-Sulami’s tafsir is to be classified ma’thur, but it conceives spiritual significances (haqa’iq) that might have been set beyond the common objectives of Qur’anic tafsir in general. It is not a general tafsir for laymen, but an esoteric interpretation of the Qur’anic verses for the elites of sufi readers

New modes of industrial manufacturing:India's experience with special economic zones

Special economic zones in India have gained prominence among the policy making circles in recent years. The argument by the policy makers was that these zones will allow industrialisation in India. This article reviews the emerging geography of SEZs (special economic zones) in India and the Indian government recent experiment with the SEZs as models of economic development. The article argues that current SEZ policy in India is designed along the lines of mainstream economic strategy for industrialisation of Washington Consensus, i.e. open economy with greater market freedom coupled with minimal government intervention leads to rapid economic growth and rising incomes. The evidence suggests that these zones are giving rise to uneven geographical development in India with certain regions, sectors and classes are deriving the benefits from this policy

Indian foreign direct investments in Africa : a geographical perspective

Foreign direct investments (FDI) into Africa from developing economies have grown substantially over the past decade. While the focus of the enquiry among the geographers has been the rise of Chinese investments in Africa, India has become an important ‘Asian driver’ within the ‘new scramble for Africa’. This article highlights the geography of Indian involvement in Africa in terms of its growing scale, new patterns and the emerging complex structure of Indian investments. The article finds that the nature of India-Africa trade relationship mirrors colonial trade relationships between India and the Great Britain. The Indian investments in Africa are resource-oriented and fused with geopolitical dynamics, driven by capitalistic agendas

Emission of Greenhouse Gases by Hydropower Reservoirs in Afghanistan

Studies show that hydropower reservoirs produce 35-70 times more greenhouse gas (GHG) when compared to thermal power plants. The emissions not only depend on the type of eco-region in which the reservoir is located but also on the reservoir characteristics and water quality parameters. This paper explains the emission of greenhouse gases of hydropower reservoirs in Afghanistan. This paper focuses on the introduction and explanation of the main factors for the production of carbon dioxide and methane . This indicates, how much or how large, the quantity of greenhouse gases which are produced by hydropower reservoirs when compared to other sources of greenhouse gas emissions in Afghanistan. In addition, this paper includes the results of emissions of greenhouse gases of the Noghlu power dam in the Surobi district of Kabul. The Noghlu power dam has not been cleaned up in the last thirty years. It has deposited up to 15 meters of animal, vegetable, and trash. The deposits of these years have reached up to hundreds/thousands of ton. All the animal, vegetable, and trash materials that are transferred by the Kabul River from the Kabul city, from Maidan Wardak and Logar provinces by the Logar River, from Punjshir, Parwan, and Kapisa provinces through the Punjshir River, from Tagab and Alasai districts through the Tagab River are all transferred and settled in the Noghlu dam. As a result, these materials are converted to greenhouse gases of carbon dioxide and methane through aerobic and anaerobic oxidation

Response analysis in a multi-crop environment: The case of food crop production in Java, Indonesia

The study investigates the applicability of duality theory and flexible functional forms to small scale Javanese agriculture. Multi-product restricted translog profit functions and cost functions are empirically tested against 1980 household survey data. The focus is given to the majority of farmers growing rice and corn;Profit function models turn out to be less appropriate, which persistently give negative supply elasticities for rice output. Several plausable reasons include, among others, (i) the existence of non-decreasing returns to scale of the underlying technology, (ii) the dominance of regulated rice and fertilizer markets, and (iii) the prevalence of objectives other than economic profit among the farm households. In addition, the use of implicit price data inherently commit some conceptual weaknesses and measurement errors;The cost function, which embodies weaker assumptions than the profit function, produces plausible results. Several hypothesis tests reveal (i) the rejection of homotheticity, and which also preclude the use of more restrictive models of homothetic and homogeneous functions, including Cobb-Douglas forms, (ii) the existence of output jointness for rice and corn, lending no legitimate support for single-product model for the multi-crop farms, and (iii) some supports for the homothetically separable rice and corn outputs, indicating the validity of an aggregate output model;The econometric estimation for the multi-product non-homothetic translog cost function indicates that (i) the farmers are significantly responsive to input price changes, though quantitatively modest and inelastic, (ii) the major inputs of fertilizer, hired labor, bullock and seed are net substitutes (except seed and bullock), and (iii) there exists some unutilized production capacity, implying that outputs can still be expanded using less than proportional variable costs;Several directions for model improvement and empirical estimation are suggested

Analysis of the fowlpox virus homologue of mammalian PC-1 glycoprotein

Fowlpox virus (FWPV) is the prototypic member of the genus Avipoxviridae. Although no longer a commercial threat to livestock, in recent years it has been extensively used for expression of foreign antigens, as recombinant vaccines for avian and non-avian targets. Despite this attention, FWPV remains poorly characterised. Sequence analysis of a 6.5kbp region near the left inverted terminal repeat of the FWPV genome had revealed five major ORFs not previously observed in any other virus. One of these ORFs (FP-PC1), exhibited 39% amino acid identity to mammalian PC1 glycoprotein, initially described as an antigen of terminally differentiated B-cells. The full length FP-PC1 gene was cloned directly from the FWPV genome using specific primers. Using the transient dominant selection technique, the resultant transfer vector was used to construct three recombinant FWPV, with different deletions in the FP-PC1 ORF. The FP-PC1 gene was shown to be non-essential for FWPV replication in vitro, as FWPV with a full gene deletion in the FP-PC1 ORF was readily isolated. Further characterisation of the mutant FWPV indicated that FP- PC1 did not affect FWPV replication in vitro, although a difference in plaque size was observed. A possible involvement of FP-PC1 in the nucleotide salvage pathway was investigated by comparing wt and mutant FWPV growth in nucleotide deficient media. But no difference was observed. Thus further investigation needs to be conducted to investigate a potential role for FP-PC1 as a potential scavenger of nucleotides. Both the full length and extracellular FP-PC1 domains were expressed in an in vitro cell free system using rabbit reticulocyte lysates. They were also overexpressed in FWPV infected cells, co-infected with a recombinant FWPV expressing T7 polymerase. Using data from both these systems, full length FP-PC1 was shown to be an N-linked glycosylated integral membrane protein with a type II configuration