Multimodel Response Assessment for Monthly Rainfall Distribution in Some Selected Indian Cities Using Best Fit Probability as a Tool

We carry out a study of the statistical distribution of rainfall precipitation data for 20 cites in India. We have determined the best-fit probability distribution for these cities from the monthly precipitation data spanning 100 years of observations from 1901 to 2002. To fit the observed data, we considered 10 different distributions. The efficacy of the fits for these distributions was evaluated using four empirical non-parametric goodness-of-fit tests namely Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anderson-Darling, Chi-Square, Akaike information criterion, and Bayesian Information criterion. Finally, the best-fit distribution using each of these tests were reported, by combining the results from the model comparison tests. We then find that for most of the cities, Generalized Extreme-Value Distribution or Inverse Gaussian Distribution most adequately fits the observed data.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure

Diamination of Pi-systems Using Simple Urea Derivatives and Exploring Ecologically Relevant Biological Activities Through Natural Products Synthesis

Diamination of olefins has found broad applications in synthesis of pharmaceuticals and catalysts. Vicinal diamination of olefins has been well developed; however versatile methods that install higher order 1,n -diamine moieties (e.g., n = 3− 5) are not comprehensively explored. We have developed 1,4-diamination of cyclic dienes via diaza-(4+3) cycloadditions of putative diaza-oxyallyl cationic intermediates. This novel intermediate was generated by base-mediated dehydrohalogenation of N-chloro urea reagents. Various aromatic and non-aromatic cylic dienes underwent successfully cycloaddition reaction with diaza-oxyallyl cationic intermediate and provided good to excellent yields. Although it was a first example of selective 1,4-diamination of dienes using N-chloro urea reagents, this methodology suffers from limited substrate scope and poor regioselectivity with mono substituted furans by providing 1:1 ratio of regiosisomers. In order to over come the limitations in our previous method, we have developed an alternative oxidative 1,4-diamination of conjugated dienes using simple urea reagents. The desired putative symmetric diaza-oxyallyl cationic intermediate for the oxidative diaza-(4+3) cycloaddition reaction was generated by direct oxidation of urea reagents with hypervalent iodine reagent. Oxidative 1,4-diamination is exclusively selective for the 1,4-difunctionalization of conjugated dienes due to the required Woodward-Hoffmann orbital symmetry rules. This reaction method is compatible with various substrates including aromatic, acyclic, and cyclic dienes, and provides functionalized unique heterocyclic products. In addition it does not require large excess of diene, which is unusual in (4+3) type of cycloaddition reaction of allyl cations. This reaction also demonstrated its compatibility for oxidative intramolecular 1,4-diamination, and provides polyheterocyclic molecule. Inspired by the reactivity of daiza-oxyallyl cation for 1,4-daimination we have developed an oxidative diaza-(3+2) cycloaddition reaction of simple urea derivatives with substituted indoles. This transformation provides rapid access to highly functionalized imidazolo- indolines that are represented in large number of designed bioactive compounds. This methodology is compatible with wide variety of functional groups and provides unique heterocyclic scaffolds. Plants defend themselves from pathogens like bacteria, viruses and herbivores by using mixture of multiple secondary metabolites as chemical defense. In order to understand one of the long-standing and underexplored questions in chemical ecology, we have developed a scalable access to enantiopure octopamine and aegeline analogues and evaluated the biological assays. These mixtures of products showed synergistic activity in defensive mechanism against generalist herbivore (Spodoptera). One of the natural product (aegeline) analogue exhibited potency against root growth of Arabodopsis Thaliana (a model organism for studying plant cell wall development)

Looking for ancillary signals around GW150914

We replicated the procedure in Liu and Jackson (arXiv:1609.08346), who had found evidence for a low amplitude signal in the vicinity of GW150914. This was based upon the large correlation between the time integral of the Pearson cross-correlation coefficient in the off-source region of GW150914, and the Pearson cross-correlation in a narrow window around GW150914, for the same time lag between the two LIGO detectors as the gravitational wave signal. Our results mostly agree with those in arXiv:1609.08346. We find the statistical significance of the observed cross-correlation to be about 2.5 $\sigma$. We also used the cross-correlation method to search for short duration signals at all other physical values of the time lag, within this 4096 second time interval, but do not find evidence for any statistically significant events in the off-source region.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figure

Secure Scan Design with a Novel Methodology of Scan Camouflaging

Scan based attacks are the major security concerns of a design. These attacks are majorly employed to understand the camouflaged logic during reverse engineering. The state-of-the-art techniques like scan chain scrambling hinder accessibility of scan chains, but are prone to layout level reverse engineering attacks. In the proposed methodology, the scan design is secured by adding an extra scan input port (DSI) to the flipflop using dummy contacts, which ensure that DSI cannot be distinguished from SI port even with layout based reverse engineering techniques. Dummy scan chain connections are introduced in the design by connecting DSI port to the nearby flipflop Q output port. Our proposed method can withstand Reset-and-scan attack, Incremental SAT-based attack and the recent ScanSAT attack. The performance of this concept is measured in terms of frequency and total power consumption on IWLS-2005 benchmark circuits having up to 1380 flipflops with 40nm technology library. The delay is effected by a maximum of 2.2% with 50% obfuscation without any impact on power, pattern generation time and scan test time

Probability distribution for monthly precipitation data in India

We carry out a study of the statistical distribution of rainfall precipitation data for various cites in India, motivated by similar work done in Ghosh et al (2016), which studied the probability distribution of rainfall in multiple cities in Bangladesh. We have determined the best-fit probability distribution for the monthly precipitation data spanning 100 years of data from 1901 to 2002, for multiple stations located all over India, such as Gandhinagar, Guntur, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Kohima, Kurnool, and Patna. To fit the observed data, we considered the Fisher, Gamma, Gumbel, Inverse Gaussian, Normal, Weibull, Student-t, Beta, and Generalized Extreme Value distributions. The efficacy of the fits for these distributions are evaluated using four empirical non-parametric goodness-of-fit tests namely Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS), Anderson-Darling (AD), Chi-Square, Akaike information criterion(AIC) and Bayesian Information criterion (BIC). Finally, the best-fit distribution using each of these tests are reported for the various cities

Modeling Oxytocin-Induced Neurorobotic Trust and Intent Recognition in Human-Robot Interaction

Recent human pharmacological fMRI studies suggest that oxytocin is a centrally-acting neurotransmitter important in the development and expression of trusting relationships in men and women, distinct from its role as a peripheral hormone related to parturition and lactation. Oxytocin administration in humans increases trust, acceptance of social risk, memory of faces, and inference of the emotional state of others, at least in part by direct inhibition of the amygdala. The cerebral microcircuitry underlying this mechanism remains unknown. Here, we propose a spiking integrate-and-fire neuronal model of several key interacting brain regions affected by oxytocin neurophysiology during social trust behavior. Because modeling social interactions requires near real-time responsiveness, we embodied the brain simulator in a behaving virtual humanoid neurorobot which "sees" a human by way of a camera system designed to capture motion of edges in the environment. Tonic firing of the amygdala is modeled using the recurrent asynchronous irregular nonlinear network architecture. Oxytocin cells are modeled with triple apical dendrites characteristic of their structure in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. We demonstrate the success of this hybrid system in learning trust by discriminating between concordant versus discordant movements of a human actor, which leads to cooperative versus protective behavior by the neurorobot when challenged by a new intent from the human. Implications for further research and future design of socially intelligent neurorobotic systems are also presented