LUKIOLAISTEN MOTIVAATIO OPISKELLA FYSIIKKAA: ONKO TÄSSÄ EROJA MIESTEN JA NAISTEN VÄLILLÄ?

Viime vuosina fysiikan ylioppilaskirjoituksiin ilmoittautuneiden määrä on lähes kaksinkertaistunut ja naisten suhteellinen osuus kasvanut. Aiemmasta tutkimuksesta tiedetään, että motivaatio opiskella fysiikkaa on sukupuolittunutta. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin lukiolaisten motivaatiota fysiikan opiskeluun ja mahdollisia sukupuolten välisiä eroja. Tutkimus toteutettiin kyselytutkimuksena fysiikan syventäviä kursseja opiskeleville. Keskimäärin miesten sisäinen motivaatio opiskella fysiikkaa ja koettu fysiikan väli- nearvo olivat korkeampia kuin naisilla. Fysiikan opiskelun kustannuksissa tai fysiikkaan liittyvissä kykyuskomuksissa ei ollut eroja sukupuolten välillä. Avokysymyksessä naiset kuvasivat useammin fysiikan opiskelun syyksi opiskelusta saatavan hyödyn esimerkiksi ei-luonnontieteellisille aloille jatko-opintoihin hakeutumiseen kuin miehet. Tulokset tuo- vat uutta näkökulmaa viimeaikaisille muutoksille fysiikan lukio-opiskelussa – onko mahdollista, että naisten kasvanut osuus fysiikan kirjoittaneista kertoo enemmän pisteytysjärjestelmästä kuin kasvaneesta kiinnostuksesta fysiikkaan

Genomics of asthma, allergy and chronic rhinosinusitis : novel concepts and relevance in airway mucosa

Funding Information: The study was supported in part by research grants from Finnish Medical Foundation, the Finnish Society of Allergology and Immunology, the Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation, the Finnish Cultural Foundation, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (TYH2018103, TYH2019322), Paulo Foundation, the Tampere Tuberculosis Foundation, the Väinö and Laina Kivi Foundation, the Finnish ORL-HNS Foundation. Acknowledgements Publisher Copyright: © 2020, The Author(s).Genome wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed several airway disease-associated risk loci. Their role in the onset of asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR) or chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), however, is not yet fully understood. The aim of this review is to evaluate the airway relevance of loci and genes identified in GWAS studies. GWASs were searched from databases, and a list of loci associating significantly (p <10(-8)) with asthma, AR and CRS was created. This yielded a total of 267 significantly asthma/AR-associated loci from 31 GWASs. No significant CRS -associated loci were found in this search. A total of 170 protein coding genes were connected to these loci. Of these, 76/170 (44%) showed bronchial epithelial protein expression in stained microscopic figures of Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and 61/170 (36%) had a literature report of having airway epithelial function. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation analyses were performed, and 19 functional protein categories were found as significantly (p <0.05) enriched among these genes. These were related to cytokine production, cell activation and adaptive immune response, and all were strongly connected in network analysis. We also identified 15 protein pathways that were significantly (p <0.05) enriched in these genes, related to T-helper cell differentiation, virus infection, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and asthma. A third of GWAS-level risk loci genes of asthma or AR seemed to have airway epithelial functions according to our database and literature searches. In addition, many of the risk loci genes were immunity related. Some risk loci genes also related to metabolism, neuro-musculoskeletal or other functions. Functions overlapped and formed a strong network in our pathway analyses and are worth future studies of biomarker and therapeutics.Peer reviewe

Women Scientists Who Made Nuclear Astrophysics

Female role models reduce the impact on women of stereotype threat, i.e., of being at risk of conforming to a negative stereotype about one's social, gender, or racial group [1,2]. This can lead women scientists to underperform or to leave their scientific career because of negative stereotypes such as, not being as talented or as interested in science as men. Sadly, history rarely provides role models for women scientists; instead, it often renders these women invisible [3]. In response to this situation, we present a selection of twelve outstanding women who helped to develop nuclear astrophysics

The science case of the FRS Ion Catcher for FAIR Phase-0

The FRS Ion Catcher at GSI enables precision experiments with thermalized projectile and fission fragments. At the same time it serves as a test facility for the Low-Energy Branch of the Super-FRS at FAIR. The FRS Ion Catcher has been commissioned and its performance has been characterized in five experiments with 238U and 124Xe projectile and fission fragments produced at energies in the range from 300 to 1000 MeV/u. High and almost element-independent efficiencies for the thermalization of short-lived nuclides produced at relativistic energies have been obtained. High-accuracy mass measurements of more than 30 projectile and fission fragments have been performed with a multiple-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MR-TOF-MS) at mass resolving powers of up to 410,000, with production cross sections down to the microbarn-level, and at rates down to a few ions per hour. The versatility of the MR-TOF-MS for isomer research has been demonstrated by the measurement of various isomers, determination of excitation energies and the production of a pure isomeric beam. Recently, several instrumental upgrades have been implemented at the FRS Ion Catcher. New experiments will be carried out during FAIR Phase-0 at GSI, including direct mass measurements of neutron-deficient nuclides below 100Sn and neutron-rich nuclides below 208Pb, measurement of β-delayed neutron emission probabilities and reaction studies with multi-nucleon transfer.Peer reviewe

Ydin­fy­siik­kaa, jot­ta ym­mär­täi­sim­me mi­ten al­kuai­neet ovat syn­ty­neet täh­dis­sä

Ihmisiä on aina kiinnostanut, miten maailma on syntynyt. Kalevalassa kerrotaan maailman saaneen alkunsa kuudesta kultaisesta ja yhdestä rautaisesta munasta. Nykytieteen perustella toki tiedämme, ettei näin ole.nonPeerReviewe

Nuclear Data and Experiments for Astrophysics

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Exploring everyday needs of teenagers related to context-aware mobile services

In recent years there has been research on context-aware mobile services that have supported e.g. making appropriate calls, being aware of others, and going on a guided tour. However, there is a lack of user studies that could show that others than engineers and researchers themselves need those services. Therefore, in this paper we will present the results of an observational study on teenage mobile phone users and how they could benefit from context-aware services in their everyday life. Key words: context awareness, mobile services, user needs 1