Trade in European union and Croatia

Trgovina je jedna od najvažniji gospodarskih grana Europske unije i Hrvatske. U trgovini Europske unije broj poduzeća ima udio od 28,6 % svih poduzeća u području nefinancijskog sektora gospodarstva, zajedno su ta poduzeća ostvarila promet od prodaje u visini 8 870 milijardi eura te su zapošljavala 32,8 milijuna osoba nefinancijskog sektora gospodarstva. Sektor trgovine u Hrvatskoj ima udio od 26,86 % poslovnih subjekata u području nefinancijskog sektora gospodarstva, koji zapošljavaju 234 127 osoba i ostvaruju promet 216 913 301 milijuna kuna. Ovi pokazatelji prikazuju važnost i ulogu sektora trgovine u cjelokupnom gospodarstvu Europske unije i Hrvatske. Važnu ulogu u sektoru trgovine u zadnjih nekoliko godina je imala i svjetska gospodarska kriza. Iz prikazanih statističkih podataka je vidljivo kako je promet u sektoru trgovine bio smanjen pod utjecajem krize, u većoj mjeri u Hrvatskoj nego u EU – i. Međutim, sektor trgovine je nakon razdoblja stagnacije i pada u prometu ubrzo počeo povećavati ostavreni promet kako u EU – i tako i u Hrvatskoj.Trade is one of most important part of economy in The European union and in Croatia. Trade in EU has share of 28,% of all enterprises in non- financial sector of economy. Together those enterprises are responsible for turnover of 8 870 bil. Euros, and 32,8 million people has a employment in that sector. Trade sector in Croatia has a share of 26,86% of enterprises in non-financial sector of economy. Croatian trade sector is responsible for employment of 234 127 person, and trade sector turnover is 216 913 301 millions Croatian kuna. These indices show importance and role of the trading sector for entire economy of EU and Croatia. In last couple of year’s world financial crisis had a big impact on trading sector. From statistics date shown in this paper it is obvious that turnover in trading sector was diminished in EU and Croatia because of financial crisis. However, after few years of stagnation and drop in turnover, trading sector relatively quick bounces back and start to increase turnover both in EU and in Croatia

Lending forms in agriculture

Poljoprivreda je ključna gospodarska djelatnost koja ima nezamjenjivu ulogu u prehrani stanovništva. Ova grana gospodarstva bavi se uzgojem biljaka i životinja radi proizvodnje hrane, hrane za stoku, vlakana i drugih potrebnih proizvoda. Poljoprivreda predstavlja značajan sektor zapošljavanja za radno sposobno stanovništvo. Osim što osigurava prehranu i proizvode, poljoprivreda je izvor brojnih radnih mjesta, posebno u ruralnim područjima. Veliki broj poljoprivrednika nema početni kapital te pokušavaju putem kreditiranja doći do sredstava za financiranje svoje djelatnosti. Poljoprivrednici imaju nekoliko različitih solucija na raspolaganju za financiranje svojih gospodarstava, a neki od načina financiranja su: EU fondovi, poticaji, krediti i sl. Upravo ulaskom Republike Hrvatske u Europsku uniju, poljoprivrednici imaju širok spektar financiranja. Naravno, u današnje vrijeme postoji sve više banaka koje sufinanciraju poljoprivrednike.Agriculture is a crucial economic activity with an irreplaceable role in providing sustenance to the population. This sector of the economy is engaged in the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for the production of food, animal feed, fibers, and other essential products. Agriculture represents a significant employment sector for the working population. In addition to ensuring food and product supply, agriculture is a source of numerous jobs, especially in rural areas. Many farmers lack initial capital and seek to obtain funds for financing their operations through various means, such as loans. Farmers have several financing options available, including EU funds, subsidies, loans, and more. With Croatia's accession to the European Union, farmers now have access to a wide range of financing opportunities. Additionally, there is an increasing number of banks that provide financial support to farmers in today's times

Trade in European union and Croatia

Trgovina je jedna od najvažniji gospodarskih grana Europske unije i Hrvatske. U trgovini Europske unije broj poduzeća ima udio od 28,6 % svih poduzeća u području nefinancijskog sektora gospodarstva, zajedno su ta poduzeća ostvarila promet od prodaje u visini 8 870 milijardi eura te su zapošljavala 32,8 milijuna osoba nefinancijskog sektora gospodarstva. Sektor trgovine u Hrvatskoj ima udio od 26,86 % poslovnih subjekata u području nefinancijskog sektora gospodarstva, koji zapošljavaju 234 127 osoba i ostvaruju promet 216 913 301 milijuna kuna. Ovi pokazatelji prikazuju važnost i ulogu sektora trgovine u cjelokupnom gospodarstvu Europske unije i Hrvatske. Važnu ulogu u sektoru trgovine u zadnjih nekoliko godina je imala i svjetska gospodarska kriza. Iz prikazanih statističkih podataka je vidljivo kako je promet u sektoru trgovine bio smanjen pod utjecajem krize, u većoj mjeri u Hrvatskoj nego u EU – i. Međutim, sektor trgovine je nakon razdoblja stagnacije i pada u prometu ubrzo počeo povećavati ostavreni promet kako u EU – i tako i u Hrvatskoj.Trade is one of most important part of economy in The European union and in Croatia. Trade in EU has share of 28,% of all enterprises in non- financial sector of economy. Together those enterprises are responsible for turnover of 8 870 bil. Euros, and 32,8 million people has a employment in that sector. Trade sector in Croatia has a share of 26,86% of enterprises in non-financial sector of economy. Croatian trade sector is responsible for employment of 234 127 person, and trade sector turnover is 216 913 301 millions Croatian kuna. These indices show importance and role of the trading sector for entire economy of EU and Croatia. In last couple of year’s world financial crisis had a big impact on trading sector. From statistics date shown in this paper it is obvious that turnover in trading sector was diminished in EU and Croatia because of financial crisis. However, after few years of stagnation and drop in turnover, trading sector relatively quick bounces back and start to increase turnover both in EU and in Croatia

Lending forms in agriculture

Poljoprivreda je ključna gospodarska djelatnost koja ima nezamjenjivu ulogu u prehrani stanovništva. Ova grana gospodarstva bavi se uzgojem biljaka i životinja radi proizvodnje hrane, hrane za stoku, vlakana i drugih potrebnih proizvoda. Poljoprivreda predstavlja značajan sektor zapošljavanja za radno sposobno stanovništvo. Osim što osigurava prehranu i proizvode, poljoprivreda je izvor brojnih radnih mjesta, posebno u ruralnim područjima. Veliki broj poljoprivrednika nema početni kapital te pokušavaju putem kreditiranja doći do sredstava za financiranje svoje djelatnosti. Poljoprivrednici imaju nekoliko različitih solucija na raspolaganju za financiranje svojih gospodarstava, a neki od načina financiranja su: EU fondovi, poticaji, krediti i sl. Upravo ulaskom Republike Hrvatske u Europsku uniju, poljoprivrednici imaju širok spektar financiranja. Naravno, u današnje vrijeme postoji sve više banaka koje sufinanciraju poljoprivrednike.Agriculture is a crucial economic activity with an irreplaceable role in providing sustenance to the population. This sector of the economy is engaged in the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for the production of food, animal feed, fibers, and other essential products. Agriculture represents a significant employment sector for the working population. In addition to ensuring food and product supply, agriculture is a source of numerous jobs, especially in rural areas. Many farmers lack initial capital and seek to obtain funds for financing their operations through various means, such as loans. Farmers have several financing options available, including EU funds, subsidies, loans, and more. With Croatia's accession to the European Union, farmers now have access to a wide range of financing opportunities. Additionally, there is an increasing number of banks that provide financial support to farmers in today's times

Trade in European union and Croatia

Trgovina je jedna od najvažniji gospodarskih grana Europske unije i Hrvatske. U trgovini Europske unije broj poduzeća ima udio od 28,6 % svih poduzeća u području nefinancijskog sektora gospodarstva, zajedno su ta poduzeća ostvarila promet od prodaje u visini 8 870 milijardi eura te su zapošljavala 32,8 milijuna osoba nefinancijskog sektora gospodarstva. Sektor trgovine u Hrvatskoj ima udio od 26,86 % poslovnih subjekata u području nefinancijskog sektora gospodarstva, koji zapošljavaju 234 127 osoba i ostvaruju promet 216 913 301 milijuna kuna. Ovi pokazatelji prikazuju važnost i ulogu sektora trgovine u cjelokupnom gospodarstvu Europske unije i Hrvatske. Važnu ulogu u sektoru trgovine u zadnjih nekoliko godina je imala i svjetska gospodarska kriza. Iz prikazanih statističkih podataka je vidljivo kako je promet u sektoru trgovine bio smanjen pod utjecajem krize, u većoj mjeri u Hrvatskoj nego u EU – i. Međutim, sektor trgovine je nakon razdoblja stagnacije i pada u prometu ubrzo počeo povećavati ostavreni promet kako u EU – i tako i u Hrvatskoj.Trade is one of most important part of economy in The European union and in Croatia. Trade in EU has share of 28,% of all enterprises in non- financial sector of economy. Together those enterprises are responsible for turnover of 8 870 bil. Euros, and 32,8 million people has a employment in that sector. Trade sector in Croatia has a share of 26,86% of enterprises in non-financial sector of economy. Croatian trade sector is responsible for employment of 234 127 person, and trade sector turnover is 216 913 301 millions Croatian kuna. These indices show importance and role of the trading sector for entire economy of EU and Croatia. In last couple of year’s world financial crisis had a big impact on trading sector. From statistics date shown in this paper it is obvious that turnover in trading sector was diminished in EU and Croatia because of financial crisis. However, after few years of stagnation and drop in turnover, trading sector relatively quick bounces back and start to increase turnover both in EU and in Croatia

Restrictions on the freedom of movement of workers in EU due to the public health crisis

Prvi slučaj korona virusa u svijetu zabilježen je 8. prosinca 2019. godine u gradu Wuhan, Hubei provincija u Kini. Od tog trenutka svijet se susreće sa situacijom bez presedana. 2. ožujka 2020. godine Europska unija je podigla rizik od koronavirusa s „umjerenog“ na „visoki“, te je krajem navedenog mjeseca više od trećine svjetskog stanovništva pozvano da ostane kod kuće. Većina tih zemalja i teritorija, njih oko 40, gdje živi najmanje 2,3 milijarde stanovnika, odredila je obveznu zabranu kretanja. Ograničenje slobode kretanja radnika uslijed javnozdravstvene krize osnovni je tematski element ovog diplomskog rada. Rad je koncipiran u nekoliko cjelina. U uvodu je opisan pojam slobode kretanja, kao i mogućnosti i razlozi njenog ograničenja. U drugoj cjelini objašnjen je pojam radnika, pravo na njihovo zapošljavanje, boravak, mobilnost, zabranu diskriminacije i prestanak boravka u Republici Hrvatskoj. Treća i četvrta cjelina obuhvaćaju pojam poslovnog nastana i prava članova obitelji radnika. Peta cjeline rada sadrži razloge i mogućnosti ograničenja slobode kretanja radnika, te iznimku javne službe. Šesta i sedma cjelina opisuju ograničenja slobode kretanja vezana za nastalu javnozdravstvenu krizu, odnosno mjere i postupke u Republici Hrvatskoj poduzete kao odgovor na nastalu situaciju. Osma cjelina obuhvaća način provođenja postupka odobrenja boravaka radnika u RH u vrijeme „COVIDA-19“, dok deveta cjelina razrađuje postupanja i mjere drugih država članica Europske unije u vrijeme krize, i to: Italije, Mađarske, Njemačke i Francuske. Na kraju rada, nalazi se zaključak, odnosno osvrt na postupke država članica Europske unije u nastaloj krizi bez presedana.The first case of coronavirus was first reported on 8th of December 2019 in Wuhan City, China. Since then, from that moment on, the world faces an unprecedented situation. Since 2nd of March 2020 European Union has emphasised the risk of coronavirus from "moderate" to "high", and by the end of that month, more than a third of the world's population was invited to stay at home. Most of these countries and territories, where at least 2.3 billion people live, have imposed a mandatory travel ban, about 40 of them. Restrictions of free movement of labourers due to the public health crisis, is a main theme of this graduate thesis. The paper is conceived of several parts. The introduction describes the concept of freedom of movement, as well as the possibilities and reasons for its restriction. In the second unit, the concept of labourers, the right to their employment, residence, mobility prohibition of discrimination and termination of residence in the Republic of Croatia is explained. The third and fourth units include the concept of establishment and the rights of family members of workers. The fifth unit contains the reasons and possibilities of restricting the freedom of movement of labourers, and the exception of public service. The sixth and seventh units describe the restrictions on freedom of movement related to the public health crisis, relatively the measures and procedures taken in the Republic of Croatia in response to the situation. The eighth unit covers the implementation of the procedure for approving the stay of labourers in the Republic of Croatia during the "COVID-19", while the ninth unit elaborates the actions and measures of other EU member states during the crisis, namely: Italy, Hungary, Germany and France. At the end of the paper, there is a conclusion, relatively a review of the actions of the EU member states in the unprecedented crisis

Restrictions on the freedom of movement of workers in EU due to the public health crisis

Prvi slučaj korona virusa u svijetu zabilježen je 8. prosinca 2019. godine u gradu Wuhan, Hubei provincija u Kini. Od tog trenutka svijet se susreće sa situacijom bez presedana. 2. ožujka 2020. godine Europska unija je podigla rizik od koronavirusa s „umjerenog“ na „visoki“, te je krajem navedenog mjeseca više od trećine svjetskog stanovništva pozvano da ostane kod kuće. Većina tih zemalja i teritorija, njih oko 40, gdje živi najmanje 2,3 milijarde stanovnika, odredila je obveznu zabranu kretanja. Ograničenje slobode kretanja radnika uslijed javnozdravstvene krize osnovni je tematski element ovog diplomskog rada. Rad je koncipiran u nekoliko cjelina. U uvodu je opisan pojam slobode kretanja, kao i mogućnosti i razlozi njenog ograničenja. U drugoj cjelini objašnjen je pojam radnika, pravo na njihovo zapošljavanje, boravak, mobilnost, zabranu diskriminacije i prestanak boravka u Republici Hrvatskoj. Treća i četvrta cjelina obuhvaćaju pojam poslovnog nastana i prava članova obitelji radnika. Peta cjeline rada sadrži razloge i mogućnosti ograničenja slobode kretanja radnika, te iznimku javne službe. Šesta i sedma cjelina opisuju ograničenja slobode kretanja vezana za nastalu javnozdravstvenu krizu, odnosno mjere i postupke u Republici Hrvatskoj poduzete kao odgovor na nastalu situaciju. Osma cjelina obuhvaća način provođenja postupka odobrenja boravaka radnika u RH u vrijeme „COVIDA-19“, dok deveta cjelina razrađuje postupanja i mjere drugih država članica Europske unije u vrijeme krize, i to: Italije, Mađarske, Njemačke i Francuske. Na kraju rada, nalazi se zaključak, odnosno osvrt na postupke država članica Europske unije u nastaloj krizi bez presedana.The first case of coronavirus was first reported on 8th of December 2019 in Wuhan City, China. Since then, from that moment on, the world faces an unprecedented situation. Since 2nd of March 2020 European Union has emphasised the risk of coronavirus from "moderate" to "high", and by the end of that month, more than a third of the world's population was invited to stay at home. Most of these countries and territories, where at least 2.3 billion people live, have imposed a mandatory travel ban, about 40 of them. Restrictions of free movement of labourers due to the public health crisis, is a main theme of this graduate thesis. The paper is conceived of several parts. The introduction describes the concept of freedom of movement, as well as the possibilities and reasons for its restriction. In the second unit, the concept of labourers, the right to their employment, residence, mobility prohibition of discrimination and termination of residence in the Republic of Croatia is explained. The third and fourth units include the concept of establishment and the rights of family members of workers. The fifth unit contains the reasons and possibilities of restricting the freedom of movement of labourers, and the exception of public service. The sixth and seventh units describe the restrictions on freedom of movement related to the public health crisis, relatively the measures and procedures taken in the Republic of Croatia in response to the situation. The eighth unit covers the implementation of the procedure for approving the stay of labourers in the Republic of Croatia during the "COVID-19", while the ninth unit elaborates the actions and measures of other EU member states during the crisis, namely: Italy, Hungary, Germany and France. At the end of the paper, there is a conclusion, relatively a review of the actions of the EU member states in the unprecedented crisis

Lending forms in agriculture

Poljoprivreda je ključna gospodarska djelatnost koja ima nezamjenjivu ulogu u prehrani stanovništva. Ova grana gospodarstva bavi se uzgojem biljaka i životinja radi proizvodnje hrane, hrane za stoku, vlakana i drugih potrebnih proizvoda. Poljoprivreda predstavlja značajan sektor zapošljavanja za radno sposobno stanovništvo. Osim što osigurava prehranu i proizvode, poljoprivreda je izvor brojnih radnih mjesta, posebno u ruralnim područjima. Veliki broj poljoprivrednika nema početni kapital te pokušavaju putem kreditiranja doći do sredstava za financiranje svoje djelatnosti. Poljoprivrednici imaju nekoliko različitih solucija na raspolaganju za financiranje svojih gospodarstava, a neki od načina financiranja su: EU fondovi, poticaji, krediti i sl. Upravo ulaskom Republike Hrvatske u Europsku uniju, poljoprivrednici imaju širok spektar financiranja. Naravno, u današnje vrijeme postoji sve više banaka koje sufinanciraju poljoprivrednike.Agriculture is a crucial economic activity with an irreplaceable role in providing sustenance to the population. This sector of the economy is engaged in the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for the production of food, animal feed, fibers, and other essential products. Agriculture represents a significant employment sector for the working population. In addition to ensuring food and product supply, agriculture is a source of numerous jobs, especially in rural areas. Many farmers lack initial capital and seek to obtain funds for financing their operations through various means, such as loans. Farmers have several financing options available, including EU funds, subsidies, loans, and more. With Croatia's accession to the European Union, farmers now have access to a wide range of financing opportunities. Additionally, there is an increasing number of banks that provide financial support to farmers in today's times

Association of multiple retinal nodular hamartomas and "confetti" skin lesions with end-stage renal disease in patients with tuberous sclerosis

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to explore characteristics of patients with chronic kidney disease in tuberous sclerosis (TSC) and to underline differences in clinical characteristics between end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and patients in earlier stages of chronic kidney disease. Methods: This multicentric, retrospective study included data for 48 patients from seven South-Eastern European countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia) in the period from February to August 2020. Researchers collected data from local and national nephrological and neurological registries and offered clinical and laboratory results from medical histories in follow-up periods. Results: This study enrolled 48 patients with a median age of 32.3 years (range, 18-46 years), and predominant female gender (60.45%). The percentage of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) diagnosis of the total number of patients was 66.90%, with end-stage renal disease development in 39.6%. The most prevalent renal lesions leading to chronic kidney disease were angiomyolipomas (AMLs) in 76.6%, while multiple renal cysts were present in 42.6% of patients. Nephrectomy was performed in 43% of patients, while the mTOR inhibitors were used in 18 patients (37.5%). The majority of patients had cutaneous manifestations of tuberous sclerosis-83.30% had hypomelanotic cutaneous lesions, and 68.80% had angiofibromas. Multiple retinal nodular hamartomas and "confetti" skin lesions were more frequent in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) than in patients with earlier stages of chronic kidney disease (p-0.033 and 0.03, respectively). Conclusion: Our study has also shown that retinal hamartomas and "confetti" skin lesions are more frequent in end-stage renal diseases (ESRD) patients than in other chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Usage of mTOR inhibitors can also reduce the number of complications and associated with tuberous sclerosis, such as dermatological manifestations and retinal hamartoma, which are more common in the terminal stage of chronic kidney disease