Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and an e-monograph of the papaya family (Caricaceae) as an example of taxonomy in the electronic age

This dissertation addresses an issue of key importance to the field of systematics, namely how to foster taxonomic work and the dissemination of knowledge about species by taking full advantage of electronic data and bioinformatic tools. I tested and applied modern systematic tools to produce an electronic monograph of a family of flowering plants, Caricaceae. In addition to a taxonomic revision, a molecular phylogeny of the family that includes representatives of all biological species clarifies the evolutionary relationships. Based on the plastid and nuclear DNA data, I inferred historical processes that may have shaped the evolution of the Caricaceae and explain their current geographic distribution

Flora das cangas da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil: Humiriaceae

This study brings detailed descriptions, illustrations and comments on the morphology of Sacoglottis guianensis and Sacoglottis mattogrossensis, the only representatives of Humiriaceae occurring in the canga of Serra dos Carajás, Pará state. Sacoglottis guianensis is widely distributed in South America while S. mattogrossensis occurs in the Southern Amazon and Atlantic Forest extending southward to São Paulo. In Carajás, both species are found in the canga and transitional areas between open canga and the rainforest. © 2018 Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro. All rights reserved

A descolonização do pensamento como caminho para uma formação de professores de ciências comprometida com a justiça social

Este ensaio teórico tem como objetivo (re)pensar a formação de professores de ciências à luz de marcos epistemológicos alinhados com a descolonização do pensamento, como forma de pleitear um modelo outro de ciência. Para isto, realizamos um diálogo entre as contribuições teóricas de Silvia Cusicanqui e Paulo Freire, a partir de duas de suas obras, a Sociologia de la Imagen (2015) e a Educação como prática da liberdade (1967). Reconhecendo que esses autores discutem perspectivas epistêmicas engajadas com a práxis e com a realidade de seus países, consideramos que a interlocução entre ambos possa se configurar como uma perspectiva conceitual capaz de contemplar a Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais tanto na pesquisa quanto na prática docente no ensino de ciências. Desse modo, defendemos a composição de um referencial teórico que esteja comprometido com a justiça social, sobretudo na educação científica, considerando os desafios e as potencialidades presentes no contexto étnico-racial brasileiro e latino-americano

A descolonização do pensamento como caminho para uma formação de professores de ciências comprometida com a justiça social

This theoretical essay aims to (re)think the science teacher education in the light of epistemological frameworks aligned with the decolonization of thought, as a way of thinking about a different model of science. For this, we conducted a dialogue between the theoretical contributions of Silvia Cusicanqui and Paulo Freire, based on two of their works, Sociologia de la Imagen (2015) and Educação como prática da liberdade (1967). Recognizing that these authors discuss epistemic perspectives engaged with the praxis and reality of their countries, we consider that the dialogue between both can be configured as a conceptual perspective capable of contemplating the Education of Ethnic-Racial Relations both in research and in teaching practice in teaching of sciences. Thus, we defend the composition of a theoretical framework that is committed to social justice, especially in science education, considering the challenges and potential present in the Brazilian and Latin American ethnic-racial context.Este ensaio teórico tem como objetivo (re)pensar a formação de professores de ciências à luz de marcos epistemológicos alinhados com a descolonização do pensamento, como forma de pleitear um modelo outro de ciência. Para isto, realizamos um diálogo entre as contribuições teóricas de Silvia Cusicanqui e Paulo Freire, a partir de duas de suas obras, a Sociologia de la Imagen (2015) e a Educação como prática da liberdade (1967). Reconhecendo que esses autores discutem perspectivas epistêmicas engajadas com a práxis e com a realidade de seus países, consideramos que a interlocução entre ambos possa se configurar como uma perspectiva conceitual capaz de contemplar a Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais tanto na pesquisa quanto na prática docente no ensino de ciências. Desse modo, defendemos a composição de um referencial teórico que esteja comprometido com a justiça social, sobretudo na educação científica, considerando os desafios e as potencialidades presentes no contexto étnico-racial brasileiro e latino-americano

The impact of anemia on treatment management and clinical outcomes of women hospitalized for uterine leiomyomas

Objectives: Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign gynecological tumors. Symptomatic leiomyomas represent a major cause of hospitalization, particularly those associated with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and anemia. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of anemia in women hospitalized due to uterine leiomyomas and evaluate its impact on treatment management and clinical outcomes.Material and methods: Population-based retrospective study of women hospitalized for uterine fibroids in publichospitals in mainland Portugal between 2010 and 2015. Data were extracted from the national database of the CentralAdministration of the Portuguese Health System. Comparative and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess outcomes.Results: A total of 36 295 patients were hospitalized due to uterine leiomyomas during this period. Of those, 11.5%presented with anemia. Age, obesity, intramural type of leiomyoma and AUB are independent predictors of anemia(p < 0.001, AUC 0.7056). Anemia was associated with a high risk of inpatient hospitalization (OR: 5.161, 95% CI: 4.376–6.085), urgent admission (OR: 1.953, 95% CI: 1.797–2.121), radical surgical approach (OR: 2.559, 95% CI: 2.298–2.849), laparoscopic hysterectomy (OR: 1.575, 95% CI: 1.393–1.780) and intra- and post-operative complications (OR: 5.285, 95% CI: 4.332–6.448). It was also associated with longer hospital stays (p < 0.001). These outcomes were more pronounced in acute anemic patients.Conclusions: Anemia has a significant impact on treatment approaches and clinical outcomes of women hospitalized for uterine leiomyomas. Age, obesity, intramural leiomyomas and AUB are some predictors of anemia that could represent a risk-stratification opportunity, allowing for its prompt identification and correction, therefore improving patient care

Automatically controlled deficit irrigation of lettuce in “organic potponics”

Concerns with water crisis involve all sectors of society and irrigated agriculture remains the main water consumer. This study evaluated an agricultural production system for lettuce cultivation in greenhouse, “organic potponics”, to economize water and manure use, using a Simplified Irrigation Controller (SIC), based on soil matric potential monitoring. Five irrigation volumes were evaluated in pots with 4.8 L, fertilized with 200 g of vermicompost. One of the volumes was controlled with the SIC. The other volumes represented 130, 80, 60 and 33 % of that controlled by the SIC and all treatments received water at the same time. Shoot fresh weight, head diameter and stomatal conductance (gs) increased linearly with irrigation volumes. For shoot dry weight, number of leaves and water use efficiency (WUE), the regression was quadratic with maximum values at 126, 114 and 83 %, respectively. Leaf relative water content did not show variation among treatments and changes in some fluorescence parameters (Reo/RC, Sm, N and φR0) were much more remarkable to drought compared with the FV/ FM ratio, one of the most commonly used stress indicators. The data indicated a tradeoff between WUE and plant growth thus the economic values of water and lettuce should be taken into account to indicate the best SIC irrigation volume. Organic potponics is promising and should be further improved to save on water, labor and fertilizer use

A lei 10.639/03 no ensino de ciências: uma proposta decolonial para o currículo de Química

A Lei 10.639/03 completa 16 anos de existência, e com isto, 16 anos de obrigatoriedade do ensino de História e da Cultura Afro-brasileira e Africana em todas as escolas do Brasil. Com base nisto, este trabalho se estrutura, então, a partir da provocação decolonial ao currículo de Química, a fim de estudar os desdobramentos da colonialidade no contexto educacional. Para isso, são tecidas considerações acerca da implementação da lei citada nos livros didáticos, principais ferramentas didáticas dos professores, através de uma análise qualitativa da abordagem da temática por esses livros. Diante dos resultados desta análise, buscamos compreender a relação entre livros, currículo e colonialidade. Ao nos depararmos com livros baseados em um currículo predominantemente eurocêntrico, realizamos, como disposição final, uma proposta de currículo decolonial contextualizado que contemple as culturas tradicionais, em particular, a afro-brasileira. Neste sentido, esperamos que, a partir do desenvolvimento de um currículo afrocentrado seja possível atingir a efetivação da Lei 10.639/03 e combater os perversos efeitos do racismo na sociedade brasileira. Palavras-chave: Lei 10.630/03. Decolonialidade. Ensino de Química

Intussusception reveals MUTYH-related polyposis syndrome and colorectal cancer: a case report

We are reporting a rare case of MUTYH-associated polyposis, a colorectal cancer hereditary syndrome, diagnosticated after an intussusception. Colorectal cancer is an important cause of cancer related mortality that can be manifested by an intussusception, a rare occurrence in adults and almost always related to tumors. Approximately 5% of colorectal cancers can be attributed to syndromes known to cause hereditary colorectal cancer, such as MUTYHassociated polyposis, autosomal genetic syndrome associated with this disease. We present the case of a 44 years old male, that sought medical consultation with a complaint of abdominal discomfort, that after five days changed its characteristics. The patient was sent to the emergency department were a CT-scan revealed intestinal sub-occlusion by ileocolic invagination. Right colectomy was carried out. The anatomic-pathological examination revealed a moderately differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma and multiples sessile polyps, which led to the suspicion of a genetic syndrome. In the genetics analysis two mutations were observed in the MUTYH gene, and MUTYH-associated polyposis was diagnosticated. This case demonstrates the importance of meticulous analysis of the patient examinations results to identify possible discrete alterations that can lead to improved understanding of disease

Femoral Orthopedic Implants in Dogs with Titanium - Mechanical Evaluation

ABSTRACTBackground: Orthopedic implants are commonly used for different types of surgical procedures to gain optimal function and to provide stability to both bones and tendon structures. When inserting these implants, the characteristics of the material are important for surgical success, and the ideal implant must be biocompatible and nonallergenic. However, when molding an implant to the bone structure, its resistance can change significantly. Implants can be temporary or permanent in the body, and metal possesses properties that make it acceptable for bone repair. In biomedical implants, 2 types are most common, commercially pure (CP)-Ti and Ti-6A1-4V. They both provide stable fixation and low risk of loosening. Implants made with the same material and composition can perform differently if the material has been altered by processing techniques for different scenarios. Stress, strain and elastic modulus are the primary metrics used in the description of implant materials. They can be calculated based on mechanical tests of specimens with defined geometry, most commonly tensile, bending and torsional tests. In order to better evaluate those changes, we compared the mechanical characteristics of titanium bone plates, before and after they were molded to the bone, to verify and quantify the loss of stiffness and resistance after molding the plate.Materials, Methods & Results: The study was prospective. Orthopedic implant made of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) were divided into 2 groups, one group without plate molding and the other with plate molding to a dog femora bone. Thirty-six plates of different sizes (5.0, 6.5, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0 and 11.0-mm diameter) were divided into 6 groups containing 6 plates of each size and submitted to the 4-point flexion test of resistance, using a piece of dog femur (weights of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 kg) as the bone in which the molding was performed. The evaluations were tabulated and analyzed using the program GraphPad Prism version 5.0. Corrections of the normal distribution curve were made using the Bartlett test. After the corrections, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed with P < 0.05. Assessments were made within the group and between groups. Subsequently, the Newman-Keuls test was performed, adopting P < 0.05. For analyses in 2 groups, Student's t-test was performed as a post-test, also with P < 0.05. When the plates were compared between equal sizes of groups 1 and 2, the non-molded plate group (G1) obtained the best results in the flexural stiffness and structural flexion tests. However, in the flexural resistance test, most plates obtained similar results and the plates with diameters of 8 mm, 9 mm and 10 mm of the molded plate group (G2) obtained the best results.Discussion: Our results show that the implants had adequate mechanical characteristics, but the unmolded plates had greater flexural and structural stiffness than the molded plates. This difference was significant, thus demonstrating a large loss of stiffness in relation to the original conformation. However, when we tested the flexural resistance, no significant differences were observed, and although without significant statistical changes, there was an increase in the resistance of the plate with the new conformation obtained by molding. In the results of the mechanical tests, we observed that after the molding, the implants gained greater resistance, although the difference was not statistically significant. This suggests that the architecture of the implants should have slight curvature in the medial direction of the bone, since this would lead to a better adaptation to the anatomy of the bone, and possibly greater resistance, as indicated by the new configuration after molding.Keywords: bone implants, titanium, orthopedic implants, femur, dogs

ANESTESIA TOTAL INTRAVENOSA (TIVA) ASSOCIADA AO BLOQUEIO DO PLEXO BRAQUIAL EM UM OVINO SUBMETIDO À OSTEOSSÍNTESE DE RÁDIO E ULNA - RELATO DE CASO

A anestesia total intravenosa (TIVA) é uma técnica que vem sendo utilizada na prática anestésica veterinária, principalmente em pequenos animais. Seu emprego se popularizou na última década, devido aos novos estudos utilizando fármacos mais adequados, com menores efeitos cumulativos e menor tempo de recuperação anestésica. Objetivou-se avaliar a infusão de propofol juntamente com o bloqueio do plexo braquial em um ovino submetido a osteossíntese de rádio e ulna. A pré-medicação anestésica foi realizada com cetamina 10% na dose de 2 mg/Kg, a indução com propofol 1% na dose de 5 mg/Kg e a manutenção anestésica com propofol na dose de 0,25mg/Kg/min. O bloqueio do plexo braquial foi realizado com a associação de lidocaína 2% e bupivacaína 0,5%, ambas na dose de 0,12ml/Kg, com um volume final de 20 ml. Foram avaliados durante todo o procedimento: frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (ƒ), saturação periférica de oxigênio na hemoglobina (SpO2) pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD), pressão arterial média (PAM), temperatura retal (T), reflexo palpebral, reflexo corneal e a profundidade anestésica. Os parâmetros foram anotados antes da medicação pré-anestésica (T0), imediatamente após a indução anestésica (T10), e depois, a cada 10 minutos, até o final da infusão (T90). Todos os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios avaliados limitaram-se ao fisiológico para a espécie. Conclui-se que o protocolo de TIVA utilizado no ovino promoveu anestesia para realização da osteossíntese, juntamente ao bloqueio do plexo braquial, que foi essencial para a analgesia e para manutenção anestésica adequada