Análisis crítico de índices de alimentación saludable y propuesta de un nuevo índice

Los índices de alimentación saludable son herramientas utilizadas para medir patrones alimentarios y analizar las relaciones existentes entre estos y diferentes eventos de salud o enfermedad. En esta tesis se ha hecho una revisión de los índices existentes en la literatura, para posteriormente compararlos a distintos niveles. De todas estas comparaciones, podemos concluir que distintos índices arrojan resultados diferentes cuando son aplicados a una misma muestra, incluso aquellos que dicen medir el mismo patrón alimentario. Por ello, en base a los datos aquí presentados, se hace urgente establecer un consenso sobre qué índices utilizar y sobre los procesos de desarrollo de nuevos índices

Effect of drying and rewetting cycles of cellulosic fibres on resistance of cementitious composites

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Diseño y fabricación de un prototipo a pequeña escala de una turbina de aire, para el aprovechamiento de la energía marina, a bajo coste mediante técnicas de prototipado rápido

Existen diferentes procedimientos para aprovechar la energía de las olas [1]. El procedimiento que cuenta con mayor rendimiento y menor coste de mantenimiento es el de Columna Oscilante de Agua (OWC). El sistema consiste en la generación del movimiento de una turbina con el aire generado por el vaivén de la olas, con el problema añadido de que el flujo de aire es bidireccional. Actualmente la única turbina que puede girar en un solo sentido independientemente del sentido del flujo de aire es la turbina Wells [2]. Existen pocos estudios teóricos publicados sobre este tipo de turbina. En este artículo se describe la metodología para desarrollar un prototipo de bajo coste (de aproximadamente 150€) de una turbina Wells, a escala, para poder contrastar los resultados obtenidos experimentalmente con los propuestos de forma teórica. Se analizarán de igual forma tanto las ecuaciones propuestas obtenidas de forma teórica como los resultados experimentales. En el diseño de la turbina se ha partido de unos parámetros fijos: álabes de perfil simétrico NACA 0018, las dimensiones del tubo y el caudal de aire previsto y se han calculado el resto de los parámetros a partir de ecuaciones de aerodinámica [3],[4]. Posteriormente se ha realizado el diseño gráfico con un CAD y se ha fabricado el prototipo mediante sinterizado láser y mecanizado de control numérico. Finalmente se ha montado un motor de corriente continua para determinar la potencia generada en vacío. Se ha construido el prototipo y se ha determinado la velocidad de giro y la potencia generada en función del caudal de aire circulante por el tubo.Peer Reviewe

Digital competence, higher education and teacher training: a metaanalysis study on the Web of Science

La presente investigación tiene por objetivo analizar la producción científica de mayor impacto sobre competencia digital de los futuros docentes en la base de datos de la Web of Science (WoS). Para ello, se ha realizado un estudio bibliométrico o de metaanálisis mediante el empleo de cuatro búsquedas combinadas delimitadas por el empleo de cuatro palabras clave extraídas de Thesaurus ERIC: digital competence, teacher training, digital skills y higher education. Se han considerado nueve variables de estudio: año de publicación, procedencia de los archivos, autores con mayor producción científica, instituciones, países, tipología de documento, áreas, idioma de publicación y referencias más citadas. En total, se han analizado 154 referencias indexadas en esta base de datos. Se concluye con la extracción de una potente línea de investigación que ha cobrado una relevancia exponencial en la actualidad, destacando la existencia de una mayor producción científica sobre competencia digital en España.The present research aims to analyze the scientific production with the greatest impact on digital competence of future teachers on the Web of Science (WoS). To this end, a meta-analysis was carried out using four combined searches delimited by the use of four keywords extracted from ERIC Thesaurus: digital competence, teacher training, digital skills and higher education. Nine study variables have been considered: year of publication, origin of the files, authors with the highest scientific production, institutions, countries, document typology, areas, language of publication and most cited references. In total, we analyzed 154 references indexed in the database. We conclude with the extraction of a powerful line of research that has claimed an exponential relevance today, highlighting the existence of greater scientific production on digital competence in Spain

Probiotics as an emerging therapeutic strategy to treat NAFLD: focus on molecular and biochemical mechanisms.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common liver disease worldwide, both in adults and in children. NAFLD is characterized by aberrant lipid storage in hepatocytes (hepatic steatosis) and inflammatory progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Evidences so far suggest that intrahepatic lipid accumulation does not always derive from obesity. Gut microbiota has been considered as a regulator of energy homeostasis and ectopic fat deposition, suggesting its implications in metabolic diseases. Probiotics are live microbial that alter the enteric microflora and have beneficial effects on human health. Although the molecular mechanisms of probiotics have not been completely elucidated yet, many of their effects have proved to be beneficial in NAFLD, including the modulation of the intestinal microbiota, an antibacterial substance production, an improved epithelial barrier function and a reduced intestinal inflammation. Given the close anatomical and functional correlation between the bowel and the liver, and the immunoregulatory effects elicited by probiotics, the aim of this review is to summarize today's knowledge about probiotics in NAFLD, focusing in particular on their molecular and biochemical mechanisms, as well as highlighting their efficacy as an emerging therapeutic strategy to treat this conditio

Integrated techniques to evaluate the features of sedimentary rocks of archaeological areas of Sicily

Sicily includes a great variety of lithologies, giving a high complexity to the geologic landscape. Their prevalent lithology is sedimentary. It is well known that rocks of sedimentary origin, compared with metamorphic and volcanic deposits, can be relatively soft and hence fairly easy to model. Nevertheless, this workability advantage is a drawback for Cultural Heritage applications. In fact, these materials show a high porosity, with pore-size distributions that lead to deterioration through absorption of water. In this paper, several sedimentary rocks used in historical Cultural Heritage items of Sicily, from "Magna Graecia" to nowadays, are classified for mineralogical features, chemical composition, and for porosity. Particularly, some samples collected in quarries relevant to the archaeological sites of 41 Agrigento, Segesta and Selinunte will be considered and characterized using integrated techniques (XRD, XRF, NMR and CT). Data on samples obtained in laboratory will be compared with the relevant values measured in situ on monuments of historical-cultural interest of the quoted archaeological places

Migration of calcium hydroxide particles from the matrix to the cellulosic fibres in cement mortar based composites

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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha plays a crucial role in behavioral repetition and cognitive flexibility in mice

Acknowledgments We thank Luca Giordano, Giovanni Esposito and Angelo Russo for technical assistance and Dr. Livio Luongo (Second University of Naples–Italy) for critical discussions. This work was supported by a Grant PRIN from Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR), Italy, to A.C. and the Wellcome Trust (WT098012) to L.K.H. and BBSRC (BB/K001418/1) to L.K.H. and G.D’A. G.D’A. received partial supports from a “FORGIARE” post-doctoral fellowship cofounded by the Polo delle Scienze e Tecnologie per la Vita, University of Naples Federico II and Compagnia di San Paolo Foundation, Turin, Italy (2010–2012).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Treatment of Uncertainties in Probabilistic Risk Assessment

Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA), sometimes called probabilistic safety analysis, quantifies the risk of undesired events in industrial facilities. However, one of the weaknesses that undermines the credibility and usefulness of this technique is the uncertainty in PRA results. Fault tree analysis (FTA) and event tree analysis (ETA) are the most important PRA techniques for evaluating system reliabilities and likelihoods of accident scenarios. Uncertainties, as incompleteness and imprecision, are present in probabilities of undesired events and failure rate data. Furthermore, both FTA and ETA traditionally assume that events are independent, assumptions that are often unrealistic and introduce uncertainties in data and modeling when using FTA and ETA. This work explores uncertainty handling approaches for analyzing the fault trees and event trees (method of moments) as a way to overcome the challenges of PRA. Applications of the developed frameworks and approaches are explored in illustrative examples, where the probability distributions of the top event of fault trees are obtained through the propagation of uncertainties of the failure probabilities of basic events. The application of the method of moments to propagate uncertainty of log-normal distributions showed good agreement with results available in the literature using different methods

La teoría de los principios científico-didácticos (P.C.D.) aplicada al cine como optimización de la enseñanza de la geografía y la historia

The rationale of this paper has grounds for the model of Scientific-Didactic Principles for teaching – learning of Geography and History created, published and introduced by García Ruiz and Jiménez López (2006 / 2007). The main idea behind this theory is that scientific principles must build the basis of learning of students in sciences, therefore they also a have a double didactic nature. In this paper we analyse, using this model, the “Gandhi” movie as an example of the didactic introduction of movies in classrooms in order to improve the quality of learnings in Geography and History.El fundamento de este trabajo se encuentra en la Teoría de los Principios CientíficoDidácticos para la enseñanza de la Geografía y de la Historia, creada y publicada por García Ruiz y Jiménez López (2006/2007). Estos autores defienden la idea de que los Principios Científicos deben constituir la base del aprendizaje geohistórico de los alumnos, lo que les otorga una doble naturaleza: científica y didáctica. Este artículo analiza la película “Gandhi” (1982) como ejemplo de la implementación didáctica del cine, en el marco de esta teoría, para mejorar la calidad de los aprendizajes de la Geografía y de la Historia